Improve ALE project style checking

* The project style linter now runs while you type.
* Now the scripts for checking the project require blank lines.
* Many style issues have been found and fixed.

ale_linters/vim/ale_custom_linting_rules.vim

@@ -25,7 +25,13 @@ endfunction
 function! ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:dir = s:GetALEProjectDir(a:buffer)
 
-    return ale#path#CdString(l:dir) . '%e .'
+    let l:temp_dir = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
+    let l:temp_file = l:temp_dir . '/example.vim'
+
+    let l:lines = getbufline(a:buffer, 1, '$')
+    call ale#util#Writefile(a:buffer, l:lines, l:temp_file)
+
+    return ale#path#CdString(l:dir) . '%e ' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir)
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -34,15 +40,17 @@ function! ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:pattern = '\v^([a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+):(\d+) (.+)$'
 
     for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
-        let l:filename = ale#path#GetAbsPath(l:dir, l:match[1])
-
-        if bufnr(l:filename) is a:buffer
-            call add(l:output, {
-            \   'lnum': l:match[2],
-            \   'text': l:match[3],
-            \   'type': 'W',
-            \})
+        " Ignore trailing whitespace errors if we've turned them off.
+        if !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'warn_about_trailing_whitespace')
+        \&& l:match[3] is# 'Trailing whitespace'
+            continue
         endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2],
+        \   'text': l:match[3],
+        \   'type': 'W',
+        \})
     endfor
 
     return l:output
@@ -53,5 +61,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('vim', {
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#vim#ale_custom_linting_rules#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
+\   'read_buffer': 0,
 \})