#574 Do not restore items with no columns for highlights from hidden buffers

Merge pull request #589 from bardzusny/ember-template-lint-handler-parsing-error
Ember-template-lint handler: properly handle template parsing errors.
2025-12-07 21:24:33 +08:00 · 2017-06-02 19:21:45 +01:00 · 2017-05-30 09:47:26 +01:00 · 2017-05-25 13:38:05 +01:00 · 2017-05-15 21:21:25 +01:00 · 2017-05-15 20:49:22 +01:00
266 changed files with 6701 additions and 2481 deletions
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 /Dockerfile export-ignore
 /ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore
 /Makefile export-ignore
+/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore
 /README.md export-ignore
 /custom-checks export-ignore
 /img export-ignore
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 /doc/tags
 .*
 *.obj
+tags
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
 1. [Guidelines](#guidelines)
 2. [Creating Issues](#issues)
 3. [Creating Pull Requests](#pull-requests)
- 1. [Adding a New Linter](#adding-a-new-linter)
- 2. [Adding New Options](#adding-new-options)
+    1. [Adding a New Linter](#adding-a-new-linter)
+    2. [Adding New Options](#adding-new-options)
 4. [Writing Documentation](#writing-documentation)
- 1. [Documenting New Linters](#documenting-new-linters)
- 2. [Editing the Online Documentation](#editing-online-documentation)
- 3. [Documenting Linter Options](#documenting-new-options)
+    1. [Documenting New Linters](#documenting-new-linters)
+    2. [Editing the Online Documentation](#editing-online-documentation)
+    3. [Documenting Linter Options](#documenting-linter-options)
 5. [In Case of Busses](#in-case-of-busses)

 <a name="guidelines"></a>

-# 1. Guidelines
+## 1. Guidelines

 Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ will check your code while you type.

 <a name="issues"></a>

-# 2. Creating Issues
+## 2. Creating Issues

 Before creating any issues, please look through the current list of issues and
 pull requests, and ensure that the issue hasn't already been reported. If an
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ can understand you.

 <a name="pull-requests"></a>

-# 3. Creating Pull Requests
+## 3. Creating Pull Requests

 For code you write, make sure to credit yourself at the top of files you add,
 and probably those you modify. You can write some comments at the top of your
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ If you want to credit multiple authors, you can comma separate them.

 <a name="adding-a-new-linter"></a>

-# 3.i. Adding a New Linter
+### 3.i. Adding a New Linter

 If you add a new linter, look for existing handlers first in the
 [handlers.vim](autoload/ale/handlers.vim) file. One of the handlers there may
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ alphabetically in the table and list.

 <a name="adding-new-options"></a>

-# 3.ii. Adding New Options
+### 3.ii. Adding New Options

 If you add new options to the plugin, make sure to document those new options
 in the [README.md](README.md) file, and also in the [help file](doc/ale.txt).
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ easy to see what the default is with `:echo g:ale...`.

 <a name="writing-documentation"></a>

-# 4. Writing Documentation
+## 4. Writing Documentation

 If you are adding new linters, changing the API, adding new options, etc., you
 _must_ write some documentation describing it in the `doc/ale.txt` file.  New
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ quick overview of the supported tools.

 <a name="documenting-new-linters"></a>

-# 4.i Documenting New Linters
+### 4.i Documenting New Linters

 If you add a new linter to the project, edit the table in the `README.md` file,
 and edit the list of linters at the top of the `doc/ale.txt` file. The linters
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ giving some unfair preference to any particular tool or language.

 <a name="editing-online-documentation"></a>

-# 4.ii Editing the Online Documentation
+### 4.ii Editing the Online Documentation

 The "online documentation" file used for this project lives in `doc/ale.txt`.
 This is the file used for generating `:help` text inside Vim itself. There are
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ some guidlines to follow for this file.

 <a name="documenting-linter-options"></a>

-# 4.iii Documenting Linter Options
+### 4.iii Documenting Linter Options

 For documenting new linter options, please add a new sub-section under the
 "Linter Specific Options" section describing all of the global options added
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ to look up the default value easily by typing `:echo g:ale_...`.

 <a name="in-case-of-busses"></a>

-# 5. In Case of Busses
+## 5. In Case of Busses

 Should the principal author of the ALE project and all collaborators with the
 required access needed to properly administrate the project on GitHub or any
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@@ -3,11 +3,16 @@ FROM tweekmonster/vim-testbed:latest
 RUN install_vim -tag v8.0.0000 -build \
                -tag v8.0.0027 -build

+# the clang package includes clang-tidy
 ENV PACKAGES="\
+    bash \
    git \
-    python=2.7.12-r0 \
-    py-pip=8.1.2-r0 \
+    python \
+    py-pip \
    nodejs \
+    gcc \
+    g++ \
+    clang \
 "
 RUN apk --update add $PACKAGES && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
--- a/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<!--
 For bugs, paste output from your clipboard after running :ALEInfoToClipboard
 here. If that doesn't work for some reason, try running :ALEInfo and copying
 the output from that here instead. If everything is broken, run around in
@@ -8,3 +9,4 @@ commands, set g:ale_history_log_output to 1, and run ALE again, and then
 :ALEInfo should include the full output of each command which ran.

 Whatever the case, describe the your issue here.
+-->
--- a/8
+++ b/8
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 SHELL := /usr/bin/env bash
-IMAGE ?= w0rp/ale
-CURRENT_IMAGE_ID = 107e4efc4267
+IMAGE ?= w0rp/ale:30a9967dbdb1
+CURRENT_IMAGE_ID = 30a9967dbdb1
 DOCKER_FLAGS = --rm -v $(PWD):/testplugin -v $(PWD)/test:/home "$(IMAGE)"
 tests = test/*.vader test/*/*.vader test/*/*/*.vader test/*/*/*/*.vader

 test-setup:
 	docker images -q w0rp/ale | grep ^$(CURRENT_IMAGE_ID) > /dev/null || \
-		docker pull $(IMAGE)
+		docker pull w0rp/ale

 vader: test-setup
 	@:; \
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ test: test-setup
 	echo 'Custom warnings/errors follow:'; \
 	echo; \
 	set -o pipefail; \
-	docker run -a stdout $(DOCKER_FLAGS) /testplugin/custom-checks /testplugin | sed s:^/testplugin/:: || EXIT=$$?; \
+	docker run -v $(PWD):/testplugin "$(IMAGE)" /testplugin/custom-checks /testplugin | sed s:^/testplugin/:: || EXIT=$$?; \
 	set +o pipefail; \
 	echo; \
 	exit $$EXIT;
--- a/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<!--
+When creating new pull requests, please consider the following.
+
+* Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
+* If you are adding a new linter, remember to update the README.md file and
+  doc/ale.txt first.
+* If you add or modify a function for converting error lines into loclist items
+  that ALE can work with, please add Vader tests for them. Look at existing
+  tests in the test/handler directory, etc.
+* If you add or modify a function for computing a command line string for
+  running a command, please add Vader tests for that.
+* Generally try and cover anything with Vader tests, although some things just
+  can't be tested with Vader, or at least they can be hard to test. Consider
+  breaking up your code so that some parts can be tested, and generally open up
+  a discussion about it.
+* Have fun!
+-->
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,22 +20,22 @@ In other words, this plugin allows you to lint while you type.
 1. [Supported Languages and Tools](#supported-languages)
 2. [Usage](#usage)
 3. [Installation](#installation)
- 1. [Installation with Pathogen](#installation-with-pathogen)
- 2. [Installation with Vundle](#installation-with-vundle)
- 3. [Manual Installation](#manual-installation)
+    1. [Installation with Pathogen](#installation-with-pathogen)
+    2. [Installation with Vundle](#installation-with-vundle)
+    3. [Manual Installation](#manual-installation)
 4. [Contributing](#contributing)
 5. [FAQ](#faq)
- 1. [How do I disable particular linters?](#faq-disable-linters)
- 2. [How can I keep the sign gutter open?](#faq-disable-linters)
- 3. [How can I change the signs ALE uses?](#faq-change-signs)
- 4. [How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?](#faq-statusline)
- 5. [How can I change the format for echo messages?](#faq-echo-format)
- 6. [How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?](#faq-autocmd)
- 7. [How can I navigate between errors quickly?](#faq-navigation)
- 8. [How can I run linters only when I save files?](#faq-lint-on-save)
- 9. [How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?](#faq-quickfix)
- 10. [How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?](#faq-jsx-stylelint-eslint)
- 11. [Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?](#faq-my-battery-is-sad)
+    1. [How do I disable particular linters?](#faq-disable-linters)
+    2. [How can I keep the sign gutter open?](#faq-keep-signs)
+    3. [How can I change the signs ALE uses?](#faq-change-signs)
+    4. [How can I show errors or warnings in my statusline?](#faq-statusline)
+    5. [How can I change the format for echo messages?](#faq-echo-format)
+    6. [How can I execute some code when ALE stops linting?](#faq-autocmd)
+    7. [How can I navigate between errors quickly?](#faq-navigation)
+    8. [How can I run linters only when I save files?](#faq-lint-on-save)
+    9. [How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?](#faq-quickfix)
+    10. [How can I check JSX files with both stylelint and eslint?](#faq-jsx-stylelint-eslint)
+    11. [Will this plugin eat all of my laptop battery power?](#faq-my-battery-is-sad)

 <a name="supported-languages"></a>

@@ -52,34 +52,39 @@ name. That seems to be the fairest way to arrange this table.

 | Language | Tools |
 | -------- | ----- |
+| ASM | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org) |
 | Ansible | [ansible-lint](https://github.com/willthames/ansible-lint) |
 | AsciiDoc | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
 | Bash | [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) |
 | Bourne Shell | [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) |
 | C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/)|
-| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/), [cppcheck] (http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/)|
+| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/)|
 | C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) |
 | Chef | [foodcritic](http://www.foodcritic.io/) |
 | CMake | [cmakelint](https://github.com/richq/cmake-lint) |
 | CoffeeScript | [coffee](http://coffeescript.org/), [coffeelint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/coffeelint) |
+| Crystal | [crystal](https://crystal-lang.org/) |
 | CSS | [csslint](http://csslint.net/), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | Cython (pyrex filetype) | [cython](http://cython.org/) |
 | D | [dmd](https://dlang.org/dmd-linux.html) |
 | Dockerfile | [hadolint](https://github.com/lukasmartinelli/hadolint) |
-| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo) |
+| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma) |
 | Elm | [elm-make](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make) |
+| Erb | [erb](https://github.com/jeremyevans/erubi) |
 | Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html) |
 | Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
-| Go | [gofmt -e](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/), [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) |
+| Go | [gofmt -e](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/), [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [gometalinter](https://github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter), [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/), [gosimple](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/gosimple), [staticcheck](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck) |
 | Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint)
+| Handlebars | [ember-template-lint](https://github.com/rwjblue/ember-template-lint) |
 | Haskell | [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools) |
 | HTML | [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/) |
 | Java | [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html) |
-| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [standard](http://standardjs.com/)
+| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
 | JSON | [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/) |
-| LaTeX | [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck) |
+| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions
+| LaTeX | [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck), [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
 | Lua | [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
-| Markdown | [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
+| Markdown | [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
 | MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
 | Nim | [nim](https://nim-lang.org/docs/nimc.html) |
 | nix | [nix-instantiate](http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-nix-instantiate) |
@@ -91,18 +96,20 @@ name. That seems to be the fairest way to arrange this table.
 | Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
 | Puppet | [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
 | Python | [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) |
+| ReasonML | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-integration-reason-merlin` for configuration instructions
 | reStructuredText | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
-| Ruby | [rubocop](https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop) |
+| RPM spec | [rpmlint](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpmlint) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-spec`) |
+| Ruby | [brakeman](http://brakemanscanner.org/), [reek](https://github.com/troessner/reek), [rubocop](https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop), [ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org) |
 | Rust | [rustc](https://www.rust-lang.org/), cargo (see `:help ale-integration-rust` for configuration instructions) |
 | SASS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | SCSS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [scss-lint](https://github.com/brigade/scss-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | Scala | [scalac](http://scala-lang.org) |
 | Slim | [slim-lint](https://github.com/sds/slim-lint)
 | SML | [smlnj](http://www.smlnj.org/) |
+| SQL | [sqlint](https://github.com/purcell/sqlint) |
 | Swift | [swiftlint](https://swift.org/) |
-| Tex | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
 | Texinfo | [proselint](http://proselint.com/)|
-| Text^ | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
+| Text^ | [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
 | TypeScript | [tslint](https://github.com/palantir/tslint), typecheck |
 | Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
 | Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
@@ -214,6 +221,9 @@ If you are interested in the general direction of the project, check out the
 [wiki home page](https://github.com/w0rp/ale/wiki). The wiki includes a
 Roadmap for the future, and more.

+If you'd liked to discuss the project more directly, check out the `#vim-ale` channel
+on Freenode. Web chat is available [here](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=vim-ale).
+
 <a name="faq"></a>

 ## 5. FAQ
@@ -307,9 +317,9 @@ let g:ale_statusline_format = ['⨉ %d', '⚠ %d', '⬥ ok']
 There are 3 global options that allow customizing the echoed message.

 - `g:ale_echo_msg_format` where:
-  * `%s` is the error message itself
-  * `%linter%` is the linter name
-  * `%severity` is the severity type
+    * `%s` is the error message itself
+    * `%linter%` is the linter name
+    * `%severity` is the severity type
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_error_str` is the string used for error severity.
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str` is the string used for warning severity.

@@ -361,19 +371,21 @@ For more information, consult the online documentation with
 ### 5.viii. How can I run linters only when I save files?

 ALE offers an option `g:ale_lint_on_save` for enabling running the linters
-when files are saved. If you wish to run linters when files are saved, not
-as you are editing files, then you can turn the option for linting
-when text is changed off too.
+when files are saved. This option is enabled by default. If you only
+wish to run linters when files are saved, you can turn the other
+options off.

 ```vim
 " Write this in your vimrc file
-let g:ale_lint_on_save = 1
-let g:ale_lint_on_text_changed = 0
+let g:ale_lint_on_text_changed = 'never'
 " You can disable this option too
 " if you don't want linters to run on opening a file
 let g:ale_lint_on_enter = 0
 ```

+If for whatever reason you don't wish to run linters again when you save
+files, you can set `g:ale_lint_on_save` to `0`.
+
 <a name="faq-quickfix"></a>

 ### 5.ix. How can I use the quickfix list instead of the loclist?
@@ -450,8 +462,7 @@ type, and this delay can be increased so linters are run less often. See
 `:help g:ale_lint_delay` for more information.

 If you don't wish to run linters while you type, you can disable that
-behaviour. Set `g:ale_lint_on_text_changed` to `0`, and consider setting
-`g:ale_lint_on_save` to `1` to enable linting when you save files. You won't
+behaviour. Set `g:ale_lint_on_text_changed` to `never` or `normal`. You won't
 get as frequent error checking, but ALE shouldn't block your ability to edit a
 document after you save a file, so the asynchronous nature of the plugin will
 still be an advantage.
--- a/after/plugin/ale.vim
+++ b/after/plugin/ale.vim
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
+" Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
+" Description: Follow-up checks for the plugin: warn about conflicting plugins.
+
+" A flag for ensuring that this is not run more than one time.
 if exists('g:loaded_ale_after')
    finish
 endif

+" Set the flag so this file is not run more than one time.
 let g:loaded_ale_after = 1

-if !g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings
+" Check if the flag is available and set to 0 to disable checking for and
+" emitting conflicting plugin warnings.
+if exists('g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings') && !g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings
    finish
 endif

+" Conflicting Plugins Checks
+
 function! s:GetConflictingPluginWarning(plugin_name) abort
    return 'ALE conflicts with ' . a:plugin_name
    \   . '. Uninstall it, or disable this warning with '
--- a/ale_linters/ansible/ansible-lint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ansible/ansible-lint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('ansible', {
 \   'name': 'ansible',
 \   'executable': 'ansible',
 \   'command': 'ansible-lint -p %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandlePEP8Format',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#python#HandlePEP8Format',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/asciidoc/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/asciidoc/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('asciidoc', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+" Author: Lucas Kolstad <lkolstad@uw.edu>
+" Description: gcc linter for asm files
+
+let g:ale_asm_gcc_options = get(g:, 'ale_asm_gcc_options', '-Wall')
+
+function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'gcc -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
+    \    . '-iquote ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:pattern = '^.\+:\(\d\+\): \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \ 'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+        \ 'type': l:match[2] =~? 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \ 'text': l:match[3],
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('asm', {
+\    'name': 'gcc',
+\    'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\    'executable': 'gcc',
+\    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand',
+\    'callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/c/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/clang.vim
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
    return 'clang -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_c_clang_options . ' -'
+    \   . '-iquote ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim
@@ -4,12 +4,31 @@
 " Set this option to change the cppcheck options
 let g:ale_c_cppcheck_options = get(g:, 'ale_c_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')

+function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
+    "
+    " If we find it, we'll `cd` to where the compile_commands.json file is,
+    " then use the file to set up import paths, etc.
+    let l:compile_commmands_path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+
+    let l:cd_command = !empty(l:compile_commmands_path)
+    \   ? ale#path#CdString(fnamemodify(l:compile_commmands_path, ':h'))
+    \   : ''
+    let l:compile_commands_option = !empty(l:compile_commmands_path)
+    \   ? '--project=compile_commands.json '
+    \   : ''
+
+    return l:cd_command
+    \   . 'cppcheck -q --language=c '
+    \   . l:compile_commands_option
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'executable': 'cppcheck',
-\   'command': 'cppcheck -q --language=c '
-\       . g:ale_c_cppcheck_options
-\       . ' %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleCppCheckFormat',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/c/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/gcc.vim
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
    return 'gcc -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_c_gcc_options . ' -'
+    \   . '-iquote ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'gcc',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 " Author: Edward Larkey <edwlarkey@mac.com>
+" Author: Jose Junior <jose.junior@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds the foodcritic linter for Chef files.

+" Support options!
+let g:ale_chef_foodcritic_options = get(g:, 'ale_chef_foodcritic_options', '')
+let g:ale_chef_foodcritic_executable = get(g:, 'ale_chef_foodcritic_executable', 'foodcritic')
+
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns line the following:
    "
@@ -8,20 +13,11 @@ function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^\(.\+:\s.\+\):\s\(.\+\):\(\d\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:text = l:match[1]

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[3] + 0,
-        \   'col': 0,
        \   'text': l:text,
        \   'type': 'W',
        \})
@@ -30,10 +26,17 @@ function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    return l:output
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return printf('%s %s %%t',
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_executable'),
+    \   escape(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_options'), '~')
+    \)
+endfunction
+
+
 call ale#linter#Define('chef', {
 \   'name': 'foodcritic',
 \   'executable': 'foodcritic',
-\   'command': 'foodcritic %t',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle',
 \})
-
--- a/ale_linters/cmake/cmakelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cmake/cmakelint.vim
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ let g:ale_cmake_cmakelint_options =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_cmake_cmakelint_options', '')

 function! ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Executable(buffer) abort
-    return g:ale_cmake_cmakelint_executable
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cmake_cmakelint_executable')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Command(buffer) abort
    return ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Executable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_cmake_cmakelint_options . ' %t'
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cmake_cmakelint_options') . ' %t'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cmake', {
 \   'name': 'cmakelint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Executable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Command',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/coffee/coffee.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/coffee/coffee.vim
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 " Description: Coffee for checking coffee files

 function! ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/coffee',
    \   'coffee'
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('coffee', {
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetCommand',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/coffee/coffeelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/coffee/coffeelint.vim
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 " Description: coffeelint linter for coffeescript files

 function! ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/coffeelint',
    \   'coffeelint'
@@ -24,25 +24,11 @@ function! ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = 'stdin,\(\d\+\),\(\d*\),\(.\{-1,}\),\(.\+\)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        let l:line = l:match[1] + 0
-        let l:column = 1
-        let l:type = l:match[3] ==# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W'
-        let l:text = l:match[4]
-
-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:line,
-        \   'col': l:column,
-        \   'text': l:text,
-        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'lnum': str2nr(l:match[1]),
+        \   'type': l:match[3] ==# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \   'text': l:match[4],
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
    return 'clang++ -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_cpp_clang_options . ' -'
+    \   . '-iquote ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang++',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
 " Author: vdeurzen <tim@kompiler.org>, w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: clang-tidy linter for cpp files

-" Set this option to change the clang-tidy options for warnings for C.
-let g:ale_cpp_clangtidy_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_cpp_clangtidy_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')
+" Set this option to check the checks clang-tidy will apply.
+let g:ale_cpp_clangtidy_checks = get(g:, 'ale_cpp_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
+
+" Set this option to manually set some options for clang-tidy.
+" This will disable compile_commands.json detection.
+let g:ale_cpp_clangtidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_cpp_clangtidy_options', '')

 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'clang-tidy %t -- ' . g:ale_cpp_clangtidy_options
+    let l:check_list = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_checks')
+    let l:check_option = !empty(l:check_list)
+    \   ? '-checks=' . shellescape(join(l:check_list, ',')) . ' '
+    \   : ''
+    let l:user_options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_options')
+    let l:extra_options = !empty(l:user_options)
+    \   ? ' -- ' . l:user_options
+    \   : ''
+
+    return 'clang-tidy ' . l:check_option . '%s' . l:extra_options
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
@@ -14,5 +26,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
 \   'executable': 'clang-tidy',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim
@@ -4,12 +4,31 @@
 " Set this option to change the cppcheck options
 let g:ale_cpp_cppcheck_options = get(g:, 'ale_cpp_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
+    "
+    " If we find it, we'll `cd` to where the compile_commands.json file is,
+    " then use the file to set up import paths, etc.
+    let l:compile_commmands_path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+
+    let l:cd_command = !empty(l:compile_commmands_path)
+    \   ? ale#path#CdString(fnamemodify(l:compile_commmands_path, ':h'))
+    \   : ''
+    let l:compile_commands_option = !empty(l:compile_commmands_path)
+    \   ? '--project=compile_commands.json '
+    \   : ''
+
+    return l:cd_command
+    \   . 'cppcheck -q --language=c++ '
+    \   . l:compile_commands_option
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'executable': 'cppcheck',
-\   'command': 'cppcheck -q --language=c++ '
-\       . g:ale_cpp_cppcheck_options
-\       . ' %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleCppCheckFormat',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim
@@ -3,24 +3,25 @@

 " Set this option to change the GCC options for warnings for C.
 if !exists('g:ale_cpp_gcc_options')
-  " added c++14 standard support
-  " POSIX thread and standard c++ thread and atomic library Linker
-  " let g:ale_cpp_gcc_options = '-std=c++1z' for c++17
-  " for previous version and default, you can just use
-  " let g:ale_cpp_gcc_options = '-Wall'
-  " for more see man pages of gcc
-  " $ man g++
-  " make sure g++ in your $PATH
-  " Add flags according to your requirements
-    let g:ale_cpp_gcc_options = '-std=c++14 -Wall'
+    let s:version = ale#handlers#gcc#ParseGCCVersion(systemlist('gcc --version'))
+
+    if !empty(s:version) && ale#semver#GreaterOrEqual(s:version, [4, 9, 0])
+        " Use c++14 support in 4.9 and above.
+        let g:ale_cpp_gcc_options = '-std=c++14 -Wall'
+    else
+        " Use c++1y in older versions.
+        let g:ale_cpp_gcc_options = '-std=c++1y -Wall'
+    endif
+
+    unlet! s:version
 endif

 function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
    return 'gcc -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_cpp_gcc_options . ' -'
+    \   . '-iquote ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
@@ -28,5 +29,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'g++',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/crystal/crystal.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/crystal/crystal.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+" Author: Jordan Andree <https://github.com/jordanandree>
+" Description: This file adds support for checking Crystal with crystal build
+
+function! ale_linters#crystal#crystal#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:output = []
+
+    let l:lines = join(a:lines, '')
+
+    if !empty(l:lines)
+      let l:errors = json_decode(l:lines)
+
+      for l:error in l:errors
+          call add(l:output, {
+          \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+          \   'lnum': l:error.line + 0,
+          \   'col': l:error.column + 0,
+          \   'text': l:error.message,
+          \   'type': 'E',
+          \})
+      endfor
+    endif
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#crystal#crystal#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:crystal_cmd = 'crystal build -f json --no-codegen -o '
+    let l:crystal_cmd .= shellescape(g:ale#util#nul_file)
+    let l:crystal_cmd .= ' %s'
+
+    return l:crystal_cmd
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('crystal', {
+\   'name': 'crystal',
+\   'executable': 'crystal',
+\   'output_stream': 'both',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#crystal#crystal#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#crystal#crystal#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 let g:ale_cs_mcs_options = get(g:, 'ale_cs_mcs_options', '')

 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse ' . g:ale_cs_mcs_options . ' %t'
+    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options') . ' %t'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -11,15 +11,8 @@ function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.\+.cs(\(\d\+\),\(\d\+\)): \(.\+\): \(.\+\)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[3] . ': ' . l:match[4],
--- a/ale_linters/css/csslint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/css/csslint.vim
@@ -1,9 +1,18 @@
 " Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking CSS code with csslint.

+function! ale_linters#css#csslint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:csslintrc = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.csslintrc')
+    let l:config_option = !empty(l:csslintrc)
+    \   ? '--config=' . shellescape(l:csslintrc)
+    \   : ''
+
+    return 'csslint --format=compact ' . l:config_option . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'csslint',
 \   'executable': 'csslint',
-\   'command': 'csslint --format=compact %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleCSSLintFormat',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#csslint#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleCSSLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim
@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ let g:ale_css_stylelint_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_css_stylelint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_css_stylelint_use_global
-        return g:ale_css_stylelint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \   g:ale_css_stylelint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    return ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_css_stylelint_options
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options')
    \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction

@@ -31,5 +31,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleStyleLintFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/d/dmd.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/d/dmd.vim
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ function! s:FindDUBConfig(buffer) abort
    " Find a DUB configuration file in ancestor paths.
    " The most DUB-specific names will be tried first.
    for l:possible_filename in ['dub.sdl', 'dub.json', 'package.json']
-        let l:dub_file = ale#util#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, l:possible_filename)
+        let l:dub_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, l:possible_filename)

        if !empty(l:dub_file)
            return l:dub_file
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DUBCommand(buffer) abort
    " To support older dub versions, we just change the directory to
    " the directory where we found the dub config, and then run `dub describe`
    " from that directory.
-    return 'cd ' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(l:dub_file, ':h'))
+    return 'cd ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(l:dub_file, ':h'))
    \   . ' && dub describe --import-paths'
 endfunction

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand(buffer, dub_output) abort
    for l:line in a:dub_output
        if !empty(l:line)
            " The arguments must be '-Ifilename', not '-I filename'
-            call add(l:import_list, '-I' . fnameescape(l:line))
+            call add(l:import_list, '-I' . shellescape(l:line))
        endif
    endfor

@@ -56,25 +56,12 @@ function! ale_linters#d#dmd#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^[^(]\+(\([0-9]\+\)\,\?\([0-9]*\)): \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            break
-        endif
-
-        let l:line = l:match[1] + 0
-        let l:column = l:match[2] + 0
-        let l:type = l:match[3]
-        let l:text = l:match[4]
-
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': bufnr('%'),
-        \   'lnum': l:line,
-        \   'col': l:column,
-        \   'text': l:text,
-        \   'type': l:type ==# 'Warning' ? 'W' : 'E',
+        \   'lnum': l:match[1],
+        \   'col': l:match[2],
+        \   'type': l:match[3] ==# 'Warning' ? 'W' : 'E',
+        \   'text': l:match[4],
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/dockerfile/hadolint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/dockerfile/hadolint.vim
@@ -1,44 +1,37 @@
 " Author: hauleth - https://github.com/hauleth

 function! ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-  " Matches patterns line the following:
-  "
-  " stdin:19: F: Pipe chain should start with a raw value.
-  let l:pattern = '\v^/dev/stdin:?(\d+)? (\S+) (.+)$'
-  let l:output = []
+    " Matches patterns line the following:
+    "
+    " stdin:19: F: Pipe chain should start with a raw value.
+    let l:pattern = '\v^/dev/stdin:?(\d+)? (\S+) (.+)$'
+    let l:output = []

-  for l:line in a:lines
-    let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        let l:lnum = 0

-    if len(l:match) == 0
-        continue
-    endif
+        if l:match[1] !=# ''
+            let l:lnum = l:match[1] + 0
+        endif

-    let l:lnum = 0
+        let l:type = 'W'
+        let l:text = l:match[3]

-    if l:match[1] !=# ''
-        let l:lnum = l:match[1] + 0
-    endif
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:lnum,
+        \   'col': 0,
+        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \   'nr': l:match[2],
+        \})
+    endfor

-    let l:type = 'W'
-    let l:text = l:match[3]
-
-    " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
-    call add(l:output, {
-    \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-    \   'lnum': l:lnum,
-    \   'col': 0,
-    \   'type': l:type,
-    \   'text': l:text,
-    \   'nr': l:match[2],
-    \})
-  endfor
-
-  return l:output
+    return l:output
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('dockerfile', {
-      \ 'name': 'hadolint',
-      \ 'executable': 'hadolint',
-      \ 'command': 'hadolint -',
-      \ 'callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#Handle' })
+\   'name': 'hadolint',
+\   'executable': 'hadolint',
+\   'command': 'hadolint -',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/elixir/credo.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elixir/credo.vim
@@ -1,43 +1,37 @@
 " Author: hauleth - https://github.com/hauleth

 function! ale_linters#elixir#credo#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-  " Matches patterns line the following:
-  "
-  " lib/filename.ex:19:7: F: Pipe chain should start with a raw value.
-  let l:pattern = '\v:(\d+):?(\d+)?: (.): (.+)$'
-  let l:output = []
+    " Matches patterns line the following:
+    "
+    " lib/filename.ex:19:7: F: Pipe chain should start with a raw value.
+    let l:pattern = '\v:(\d+):?(\d+)?: (.): (.+)$'
+    let l:output = []

-  for l:line in a:lines
-    let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        let l:type = l:match[3]
+        let l:text = l:match[4]

-    if len(l:match) == 0
-        continue
-    endif
+        if l:type ==# 'C'
+            let l:type = 'E'
+        elseif l:type ==# 'R'
+            let l:type = 'W'
+        endif

-    let l:type = l:match[3]
-    let l:text = l:match[4]
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \})
+    endfor

-    if l:type ==# 'C'
-      let l:type = 'E'
-    elseif l:type ==# 'R'
-      let l:type = 'W'
-    endif
-
-    " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
-    call add(l:output, {
-    \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-    \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
-    \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
-    \   'type': l:type,
-    \   'text': l:text,
-    \})
-  endfor
-
-  return l:output
+    return l:output
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
-      \ 'name': 'credo',
-      \ 'executable': 'mix',
-      \ 'command': 'mix credo suggest --format=flycheck --read-from-stdin %s',
-      \ 'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#credo#Handle' })
+\   'name': 'credo',
+\   'executable': 'mix',
+\   'command': 'mix credo suggest --format=flycheck --read-from-stdin %s',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#credo#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/elixir/dogma.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elixir/dogma.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+" Author: archseer - https://github.com/archSeer
+
+function! ale_linters#elixir#dogma#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " Matches patterns line the following:
+    "
+    " lib/filename.ex:19:7: F: Pipe chain should start with a raw value.
+    let l:pattern = '\v:(\d+):?(\d+)?: (.): (.+)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        let l:type = l:match[3]
+        let l:text = l:match[4]
+
+        if l:type ==# 'C'
+            let l:type = 'E'
+        elseif l:type ==# 'R'
+            let l:type = 'W'
+        endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
+\   'name': 'dogma',
+\   'executable': 'mix',
+\   'command': 'mix dogma %s --format=flycheck',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dogma#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/elm/make.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elm/make.vim
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ endfunction
 " Return the command to execute the linter in the projects directory.
 " If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:elm_package = ale#util#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm-package.json')
+    let l:elm_package = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm-package.json')
    if empty(l:elm_package)
        let l:dir_set_cmd = ''
    else
        let l:root_dir = fnamemodify(l:elm_package, ':p:h')
-        let l:dir_set_cmd = 'cd ' . fnameescape(l:root_dir) . ' && '
+        let l:dir_set_cmd = 'cd ' . shellescape(l:root_dir) . ' && '
    endif

    " The elm-make compiler, at the time of this writing, uses '/dev/null' as
@@ -62,4 +62,3 @@ call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
 \    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
 \    'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
 \})
-
--- a/ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ let g:ale_erlang_erlc_options = get(g:, 'ale_erlang_erlc_options', '')
 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:output_file = tempname()
    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
-    return 'erlc -o ' . fnameescape(l:output_file) . ' ' . g:ale_erlang_erlc_options . ' %t'
+
+    return 'erlc -o ' . shellescape(l:output_file)
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_erlc_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -73,7 +76,6 @@ function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
            let l:type = 'E'
        endif

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:line,
--- a/ale_linters/eruby/erubylint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/eruby/erubylint.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+" Author: Matthias Guenther - https://wikimatze.de
+" Description: erb-lint for eruby/erb files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('eruby', {
+\   'name': 'erubylint',
+\   'executable': 'erb',
+\    'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'command': 'erb -P -x %t | ruby -c',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#ruby#HandleSyntaxErrors',
+\})
+
--- a/ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 " Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: gcc for Fortran files

+" This option can be set to 0 to use -ffixed-form
+if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
+    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form = 1
+endif
+
+if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable')
+    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable = 'gcc'
+endif
+
 " Set this option to change the GCC options for warnings for Fortran.
 if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_options')
    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_options = '-Wall'
@@ -52,12 +61,26 @@ function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    return l:output
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:layout_option = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
+    \   ? '-ffree-form'
+    \   : '-ffixed-form'
+
+    return ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . l:layout_option . ' '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options') . ' '
+    \   . '-'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable': 'gcc',
-\   'command': 'gcc -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only -ffree-form '
-\       . g:ale_fortran_gcc_options
-\       . ' -',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim
@@ -1,208 +1,61 @@
-" Author: Joshua Rubin <joshua@rubixconsulting.com>
+" Author: Joshua Rubin <joshua@rubixconsulting.com>, Ben Reedy <https://github.com/breed808>
 " Description: go build for Go files

 " inspired by work from dzhou121 <dzhou121@gmail.com>

 function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoEnv(buffer) abort
-  if exists('s:go_env')
-    return ''
-  endif
-
-  return 'go env GOPATH GOROOT'
-endfunction
-
-let s:SplitChar = has('unix') ? ':' : ':'
-
-" get a list of all source directories from $GOPATH and $GOROOT
-function! s:SrcDirs() abort
-  let l:paths = split(s:go_env.GOPATH, s:SplitChar)
-  call add(l:paths, s:go_env.GOROOT)
-
-  return l:paths
-endfunction
-
-" figure out from a directory like `/home/user/go/src/some/package` that the
-" import for that path is simply `some/package`
-function! s:PackageImportPath(buffer) abort
-  let l:bufname = resolve(bufname(a:buffer))
-  let l:pkgdir = fnamemodify(l:bufname, ':p:h')
-
-  for l:path in s:SrcDirs()
-    let l:path = l:path . '/src/'
-
-    if stridx(l:pkgdir, l:path) == 0
-      return l:pkgdir[strlen(l:path):]
-    endif
-  endfor
-
-  return ''
-endfunction
-
-" get the package info data structure using `go list`
-function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoList(buffer, goenv_output) abort
-  if !empty(a:goenv_output)
-    let s:go_env = {
-    \ 'GOPATH': a:goenv_output[0],
-    \ 'GOROOT': a:goenv_output[1],
-    \}
-  endif
-
-  return 'go list -json ' . shellescape(s:PackageImportPath(a:buffer))
-endfunction
-
-let s:filekeys = [
-\ 'GoFiles',
-\ 'CgoFiles',
-\ 'CFiles',
-\ 'CXXFiles',
-\ 'MFiles',
-\ 'HFiles',
-\ 'FFiles',
-\ 'SFiles',
-\ 'SwigFiles',
-\ 'SwigCXXFiles',
-\ 'SysoFiles',
-\ 'TestGoFiles',
-\ 'XTestGoFiles',
-\]
-
-" get the go and test go files from the package
-" will return empty list if the package has any cgo or other invalid files
-function! s:PkgFiles(pkginfo) abort
-  let l:files = []
-
-  for l:key in s:filekeys
-    if has_key(a:pkginfo, l:key)
-      call extend(l:files, a:pkginfo[l:key])
-    endif
-  endfor
-
-  " resolve the path of the file relative to the window directory
-  return map(l:files, 'shellescape(fnamemodify(resolve(a:pkginfo.Dir . ''/'' . v:val), '':p''))')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#CopyFiles(buffer, golist_output) abort
-  let l:tempdir = tempname()
-  let l:temppkgdir = l:tempdir . '/src/' . s:PackageImportPath(a:buffer)
-  call mkdir(l:temppkgdir, 'p', 0700)
-
-  if empty(a:golist_output)
-    return 'echo ' . shellescape(l:tempdir)
-  endif
-
-  " parse the output
-  let l:pkginfo = json_decode(join(a:golist_output, "\n"))
-
-  " get all files for the package
-  let l:files = s:PkgFiles(l:pkginfo)
-
-  " copy the files to a temp directory with $GOPATH structure
-  return 'cp ' . join(l:files, ' ') . ' ' . shellescape(l:temppkgdir) . ' && echo ' . shellescape(l:tempdir)
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetCommand(buffer, copy_output) abort
-  " If for some reason we don't get any output from the last command, stop
-  " here.
-  if empty(a:copy_output)
-    return ''
-  endif
-
-  let l:tempdir = a:copy_output[0]
-  let l:importpath = s:PackageImportPath(a:buffer)
-
-  " write the a:buffer and any modified buffers from the package to the tempdir
-  for l:bufnum in range(1, bufnr('$'))
-    " ignore unloaded buffers (can't be a:buffer or a modified buffer)
-    if !bufloaded(l:bufnum)
-      continue
+    if exists('s:go_env')
+        return ''
    endif

-    " ignore non-Go buffers
-    if getbufvar(l:bufnum, '&ft') !=# 'go'
-      continue
-    endif
-
-    " only consider buffers other than a:buffer if they have the same import
-    " path as a:buffer and are modified
-    if l:bufnum != a:buffer
-      if s:PackageImportPath(l:bufnum) !=# l:importpath
-        continue
-      endif
-
-      if !getbufvar(l:bufnum, '&mod')
-        continue
-      endif
-    endif
-
-    call writefile(getbufline(l:bufnum, 1, '$'), l:tempdir . '/src/' . s:PkgFile(l:bufnum))
-  endfor
-
-  let l:gopaths = [ l:tempdir ]
-  call extend(l:gopaths, split(s:go_env.GOPATH, s:SplitChar))
-
-  return 'GOPATH=' . shellescape(join(l:gopaths, s:SplitChar)) . ' go test -c -o /dev/null ' . shellescape(l:importpath)
+    return 'go env GOPATH GOROOT'
 endfunction

-function! s:PkgFile(buffer) abort
-  let l:bufname = resolve(bufname(a:buffer))
-  let l:importpath = s:PackageImportPath(a:buffer)
-  let l:fname = fnamemodify(l:bufname, ':t')
-
-  return l:importpath . '/' . l:fname
-endfunction
-
-function! s:FindBuffer(file) abort
-  for l:buffer in range(1, bufnr('$'))
-    if !buflisted(l:buffer)
-      continue
+function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetCommand(buffer, goenv_output) abort
+    if !exists('s:go_env')
+        let s:go_env = {
+        \   'GOPATH': a:goenv_output[0],
+        \   'GOROOT': a:goenv_output[1],
+        \}
    endif

-    let l:pkgfile = s:PkgFile(l:buffer)
-
-    if a:file =~ '/' . l:pkgfile . '$'
-      return l:buffer
-    endif
-  endfor
-
-  return -1
+    " Run go test in local directory with relative path
+    return 'GOPATH=' . s:go_env.GOPATH
+    \   . ' cd ' . fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':.:h')
+    \   . ' && go test -c -o /dev/null ./'
 endfunction

-let s:path_pattern = '[a-zA-Z]\?\\\?:\?[[:alnum:]/\.\-_]\+'
-let s:handler_pattern = '^\(' . s:path_pattern . '\):\(\d\+\):\?\(\d\+\)\?: \(.\+\)$'
+function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetMatches(lines) abort
+    " Matches patterns like the following:
+    "
+    " file.go:27: missing argument for Printf("%s"): format reads arg 2, have only 1 args
+    " file.go:53:10: if block ends with a return statement, so drop this else and outdent its block (move short variable declaration to its own line if necessary)
+    " file.go:5:2: expected declaration, found 'STRING' "log"

-let s:multibuffer = 0
+    " go test returns relative paths so use tail of filename as part of pattern matcher
+    let l:pattern = '\v^([a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+):(\d+):?(\d+)?:? (.+)$'
+
+    return ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler(buffer, lines) abort
-  let l:output = []
+    let l:output = []

-  for l:line in a:lines
-    let l:match = matchlist(l:line, s:handler_pattern)
+    for l:match in ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetMatches(a:lines)
+        " Omit errors from imported go packages
+        if !ale#path#IsBufferPath(a:buffer, l:match[1])
+            continue
+        endif

-    if len(l:match) == 0
-      continue
-    endif
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'text': l:match[4],
+        \   'type': 'E',
+        \})
+    endfor

-    let l:buffer = s:FindBuffer(l:match[1])
-
-    if l:buffer == -1
-      continue
-    endif
-
-    if !s:multibuffer && l:buffer != a:buffer
-      " strip lines from other buffers
-      continue
-    endif
-
-    call add(l:output, {
-    \   'bufnr': l:buffer,
-    \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
-    \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
-    \   'text': l:match[4],
-    \   'type': 'E',
-    \})
-  endfor
-
-  return l:output
+    return l:output
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
@@ -210,9 +63,8 @@ call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoEnv', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoList', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#CopyFiles', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},
 \   ],
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/gofmt.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gofmt.vim
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'gofmt',
 \   'command': 'gofmt -e %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/golint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/golint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'golint',
 \   'executable': 'golint',
 \   'command': 'golint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+" Author: Ben Reedy <https://github.com/breed808>
+" Description: Adds support for the gometalinter suite for Go files
+
+if !exists('g:ale_go_gometalinter_options')
+    let g:ale_go_gometalinter_options = ''
+endif
+
+function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'gometalinter '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_options')
+    \   . ' ' . shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetMatches(lines) abort
+    let l:pattern = '\v^([a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+):(\d+):?(\d+)?:?:?(warning|error):?\s\*?(.+)$'
+
+    return ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetMatches(a:lines)
+        " Omit errors from files other than the one currently open
+        if !ale#path#IsBufferPath(a:buffer, l:match[1])
+            continue
+        endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'type': tolower(l:match[4]) ==# 'warning' ? 'W' : 'E',
+        \   'text': l:match[5],
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('go', {
+\   'name': 'gometalinter',
+\   'executable': 'gometalinter',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/go/gosimple.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gosimple.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Ben Reedy <https://github.com/breed808>
+" Description: gosimple for Go files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('go', {
+\   'name': 'gosimple',
+\   'executable': 'gosimple',
+\   'command': 'gosimple %t',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/go/govet.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/govet.vim
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command': 'go vet %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/staticcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/staticcheck.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Ben Reedy <https://github.com/breed808>
+" Description: staticcheck for Go files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('go', {
+\   'name': 'staticcheck',
+\   'executable': 'staticcheck',
+\   'command': 'staticcheck %t',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/haml/hamllint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haml/hamllint.vim
@@ -7,15 +7,8 @@ function! ale_linters#haml#hamllint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\v^.*:(\d+) \[([EW])\] (.+)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'type': l:match[2],
        \   'text': l:match[3]
--- a/ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+" Author: Adrian Zalewski <aazalewski@hotmail.com>
+" Description: Ember-template-lint for checking Handlebars files
+
+let g:ale_handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable', 'ember-template-lint')
+
+let g:ale_handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global', 0)
+
+function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable')
+    endif
+
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
+    \   a:buffer,
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable')
+    \)
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' --json %t'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    if len(a:lines) == 0
+      return []
+    endif
+
+    let l:output = []
+
+    let l:input_json = json_decode(join(a:lines, ''))
+    let l:file_errors = values(l:input_json)[0]
+
+    for l:error in l:file_errors
+        if has_key(l:error, 'fatal')
+            call add(l:output, {
+            \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+            \   'lnum': 1,
+            \   'col': 1,
+            \   'text': l:error.message,
+            \   'type': l:error.severity == 1 ? 'W' : 'E',
+            \})
+        else
+            call add(l:output, {
+            \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+            \   'lnum': l:error.line,
+            \   'col': l:error.column,
+            \   'text': l:error.rule . ': ' . l:error.message,
+            \   'type': l:error.severity == 1 ? 'W' : 'E',
+            \})
+        endif
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('handlebars', {
+\   'name': 'ember-template-lint',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/ghc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/ghc.vim
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'ghc',
 \   'command': 'ghc -fno-code -v0 %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGhcFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack ghc -- -fno-code -v0 %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGhcFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hdevtools',
 \   'executable': 'hdevtools',
 \   'command': 'hdevtools check -g -Wall -p %s %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGhcFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/hlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/hlint.vim
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ function! ale_linters#haskell#hlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:output = []

    for l:error in l:errors
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:error.startLine + 0,
--- a/ale_linters/help/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/help/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('help', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim
@@ -3,28 +3,24 @@

 " CLI options
 let g:ale_html_htmlhint_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_htmlhint_options', '--format=unix')
-
-let g:ale_html_htmlhint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_html_htmlhint_executable', 'htmlhint')
-
-let g:ale_html_htmlhint_use_global =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_html_htmlhint_use_global', 0)
+let g:ale_html_htmlhint_executable = get(g:, 'ale_html_htmlhint_executable', 'htmlhint')
+let g:ale_html_htmlhint_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_html_htmlhint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_html_htmlhint_use_global
-        return g:ale_html_htmlhint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
-    \   g:ale_html_htmlhint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    return ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_html_htmlhint_options
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_options')
    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction

@@ -32,5 +28,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'htmlhint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/html/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/html/tidy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/tidy.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@

 " CLI options
 let g:ale_html_tidy_executable = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_executable', 'tidy')
-let g:ale_html_tidy_args = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_args', '-q -e -language en')
+" Look for the old _args variable first.
+let s:default_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_args', '-q -e -language en')
+let g:ale_html_tidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_options', s:default_options)

 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Specify file encoding in options
@@ -24,10 +26,14 @@ function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \ }, &fileencoding, '-utf8')

    return printf('%s %s %s -',
-    \   g:ale_html_tidy_executable,
-    \   g:ale_html_tidy_args,
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_executable'),
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_options'),
    \   l:file_encoding
-    \ )
+    \)
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_executable')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -37,21 +43,13 @@ function! ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^line \(\d\+\) column \(\d\+\) - \(Warning\|Error\): \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:line = l:match[1] + 0
        let l:col = l:match[2] + 0
        let l:type = l:match[3] ==# 'Error' ? 'E' : 'W'
        let l:text = l:match[4]

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:line,
        \   'col': l:col,
        \   'text': l:text,
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'tidy',
-\   'executable': g:ale_html_tidy_executable,
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle',
--- a/ale_linters/java/javac.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/java/javac.vim
@@ -1,17 +1,80 @@
 " Author: farenjihn <farenjihn@gmail.com>, w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: Lints java files using javac

+let s:classpath_sep = has('unix') ? ':' : ';'
+
 let g:ale_java_javac_options = get(g:, 'ale_java_javac_options', '')
 let g:ale_java_javac_classpath = get(g:, 'ale_java_javac_classpath', '')

-function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:cp_option = !empty(g:ale_java_javac_classpath)
-    \   ?  '-cp ' . g:ale_java_javac_classpath
-    \   : ''
+" Detect if the javac command just shows an annoying popup for Mac OSX.
+if has('macunix')
+    function s:GetIsJavacAnAppStoreStub() abort
+        let l:path = resolve(systemlist('which javac')[0])

-    return 'javac -Xlint '
-    \ . l:cp_option
-    \ . ' ' . g:ale_java_javac_options
+        for l:line in readfile(l:path)
+            " This string is present inside the executable for the popup.
+            if l:line =~? 'No Java runtime present'
+                return 1
+            endif
+        endfor
+
+        return 0
+    endfunction
+
+    let s:is_javac_an_app_store_stub = s:GetIsJavacAnAppStoreStub()
+    delfunction s:GetIsJavacAnAppStoreStub
+else
+    let s:is_javac_an_app_store_stub = 0
+endif
+
+function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths(buffer) abort
+    let l:pom_path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'pom.xml')
+
+    if !empty(l:pom_path) && executable('mvn')
+        return ale#path#CdString(fnamemodify(l:pom_path, ':h'))
+        \ . 'mvn dependency:build-classpath'
+    endif
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+function! s:BuildClassPathOption(buffer, import_paths) abort
+    " Filter out lines like [INFO], etc.
+    let l:class_paths = filter(a:import_paths[:], 'v:val !~# ''[''')
+    call extend(
+    \   l:class_paths,
+    \   split(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_classpath'), s:classpath_sep),
+    \)
+
+    return !empty(l:class_paths)
+    \   ? '-cp ' . shellescape(join(l:class_paths, s:classpath_sep))
+    \   : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort
+    " If running the command will just show a popup, then don't run it.
+    if s:is_javac_an_app_store_stub
+        return ''
+    endif
+
+    let l:cp_option = s:BuildClassPathOption(a:buffer, a:import_paths)
+    let l:sp_option = ''
+
+    " Find the src directory, for files in this project.
+    let l:src_dir = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, 'src/main/java')
+
+    if !empty(l:src_dir)
+        let l:sp_option = '-sourcepath ' . shellescape(l:src_dir)
+    endif
+
+    " Create .class files in a temporary directory, which we will delete later.
+    let l:class_file_directory = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
+
+    return 'javac -Xlint'
+    \ . ' ' . l:cp_option
+    \ . ' ' . l:sp_option
+    \ . ' -d ' . shellescape(l:class_file_directory)
+    \ . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options')
    \ . ' %t'
 endfunction

@@ -21,23 +84,23 @@ function! ale_linters#java#javac#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Main.java:13: warning: [deprecation] donaught() in Testclass has been deprecated
    " Main.java:16: error: ';' expected

-    let l:pattern = '^.*\:\(\d\+\):\ \(.*\):\(.*\)$'
+    let l:pattern = '\v^.*:(\d+): (.+):(.+)$'
+    let l:symbol_pattern = '\v^ +symbol: *(class|method) +([^ ]+)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, [l:pattern, l:symbol_pattern])
+        if empty(l:match[3])
+            " Add symbols to 'cannot find symbol' errors.
+            if l:output[-1].text ==# 'error: cannot find symbol'
+                let l:output[-1].text .= ': ' . l:match[2]
+            endif
+        else
+            call add(l:output, {
+            \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+            \   'text': l:match[2] . ':' . l:match[3],
+            \   'type': l:match[2] ==# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
+            \})
        endif
-
-        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
-        \   'col': 1,
-        \   'text': l:match[2] . ':' . l:match[3],
-        \   'type': l:match[2] ==# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
-        \})
    endfor

    return l:output
@@ -45,8 +108,10 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('java', {
 \   'name': 'javac',
-\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'javac',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand',
+\   'command_chain': [
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},
+\   ],
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/eslint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/eslint.vim
@@ -11,26 +11,38 @@ let g:ale_javascript_eslint_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_javascript_eslint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#javascript#eslint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_javascript_eslint_use_global
-        return g:ale_javascript_eslint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_eslint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_eslint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    " Look for the kinds of paths that create-react-app generates first.
+    let l:executable = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
+    \   a:buffer,
+    \   'node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js',
+    \   ''
+    \)
+
+    if !empty(l:executable)
+        return l:executable
+    endif
+
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/eslint',
-    \   g:ale_javascript_eslint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_eslint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#eslint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#javascript#eslint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_javascript_eslint_options
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#javascript#eslint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_eslint_options')
    \   . ' -f unix --stdin --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#eslint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:config_error_pattern = '\v^ESLint couldn''t find a configuration file'
    \   . '|^Cannot read config file'
+    \   . '|^.*Configuration for rule .* is invalid'

    " Look for a message in the first few lines which indicates that
    " a configuration file couldn't be found.
@@ -55,18 +67,7 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#eslint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:parsing_pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\): \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            " Try the parsing pattern for parsing errors.
-            let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:parsing_pattern)
-        endif
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, [l:pattern, l:parsing_pattern])
        let l:type = 'Error'
        let l:text = l:match[3]

@@ -76,7 +77,6 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#eslint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
            let l:text .= ' [' . l:match[4] . ']'
        endif

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/flow.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/flow.vim
@@ -8,26 +8,26 @@ let g:ale_javascript_flow_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_javascript_flow_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_javascript_flow_use_global
-        return g:ale_javascript_flow_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_flow_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_flow_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/flow',
-    \   g:ale_javascript_flow_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_flow_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:flow_config = ale#util#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')
+    let l:flow_config = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')

    if empty(l:flow_config)
        " Don't run Flow if we can't find a .flowconfig file.
        return ''
    endif

-    return ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
    \   . ' check-contents --respect-pragma --json --from ale %s'
 endfunction

@@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
        let l:col = 0

        for l:message in l:error.message
-            " Comments have no line of column information
-            if has_key(l:message, 'loc') && l:line ==# 0
+            " Comments have no line of column information, so we skip them.
+            " In certain cases, `l:message.loc.source` points to a different path
+            " than the buffer one, thus we skip this loc information too.
+            if has_key(l:message, 'loc') && l:line ==# 0 && l:message.loc.source ==# expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p')
                let l:line = l:message.loc.start.line + 0
                let l:col = l:message.loc.start.column + 0
            endif
@@ -66,7 +68,6 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
        endif

        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:line,
        \   'col': l:col,
        \   'text': l:text,
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jscs',
 \   'executable': 'jscs',
 \   'command': 'jscs -r unix -n -',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim
@@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ let g:ale_javascript_jshint_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_javascript_jshint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_javascript_jshint_use_global
-        return g:ale_javascript_jshint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
-    \   g:ale_javascript_jshint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
-    let l:jshint_config = ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    let l:jshint_config = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   '.jshintrc',
    \   get(g:, 'ale_jshint_config_loc', '')
    \)

-    let l:command = ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    let l:command .= ' --reporter unix'
+    let l:command = shellescape(ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    let l:command .= ' --reporter unix --extract auto'

    if !empty(l:jshint_config)
-        let l:command .= ' --config ' . fnameescape(l:jshint_config)
+        let l:command .= ' --config ' . shellescape(l:jshint_config)
    endif

    let l:command .= ' -'
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jshint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/standard.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/standard.vim
@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ let g:ale_javascript_standard_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_javascript_standard_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#javascript#standard#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_javascript_standard_use_global
-        return g:ale_javascript_standard_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_standard_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_standard_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/standard',
-    \   g:ale_javascript_standard_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_standard_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#standard#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#javascript#standard#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_javascript_standard_options
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#javascript#standard#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_standard_options')
    \   . ' --stdin %s'
 endfunction

@@ -37,17 +37,10 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#standard#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\): \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:type = 'Error'
        let l:text = l:match[3]

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/xo.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/xo.vim
@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ let g:ale_javascript_xo_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_javascript_xo_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#javascript#xo#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_javascript_xo_use_global
-        return g:ale_javascript_xo_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_xo_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_xo_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/xo',
-    \   g:ale_javascript_xo_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_xo_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#javascript#xo#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#javascript#xo#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_javascript_xo_options
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#javascript#xo#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_xo_options')
    \   . ' --reporter unix --stdin --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction

--- a/ale_linters/json/jsonlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/json/jsonlint.vim
@@ -7,20 +7,11 @@ function! ale_linters#json#jsonlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^line \(\d\+\), col \(\d*\), \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[3],
-        \   'type': 'E',
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/kotlin/kotlinc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/kotlin/kotlinc.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+" Author: Francis Agyapong <francisgyapong2@gmail.com>
+" Description: A linter for the Kotlin programming language that uses kotlinc
+
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_options = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_options', '')
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_enable_config = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_enable_config', 0)
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_config_file = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_config_file', '.ale_kotlinc_config')
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_classpath = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_classpath', '')
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_sourcepath = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_sourcepath', '')
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_use_module_file = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_use_module_file', 0)
+let g:ale_kotlin_kotlinc_module_filename = get(g:, 'ale_kotlin_kotlinc_module_filename', 'module.xml')
+
+function! ale_linters#kotlin#kotlinc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:kotlinc_opts = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_options')
+    let l:command = 'kotlinc '
+
+    " If the config file is enabled and readable, source it
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_enable_config')
+        if filereadable(expand(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_config_file'), 1))
+            execute 'source ' . shellescape(expand(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_config_file'), 1))
+        endif
+    endif
+
+    " If use module and module file is readable use that and return
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_use_module_file')
+        let l:module_filename = shellescape(expand(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_module_filename'), 1))
+
+        if filereadable(l:module_filename)
+            let l:kotlinc_opts .= ' -module ' . l:module_filename
+            let l:command .= 'kotlinc ' . l:kotlinc_opts
+
+            return l:command
+        endif
+    endif
+
+    " We only get here if not using module or the module file not readable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_classpath') !=# ''
+        let l:kotlinc_opts .= ' -cp ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_classpath')
+    endif
+
+    let l:fname = ''
+
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_sourcepath') !=# ''
+        let l:fname .= expand(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'kotlin_kotlinc_sourcepath'), 1) . ' '
+    endif
+    let l:fname .= shellescape(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p'))
+    let l:command .= l:kotlinc_opts . ' ' . l:fname
+
+    return l:command
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#kotlin#kotlinc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:code_pattern = '^\(.*\):\([0-9]\+\):\([0-9]\+\):\s\+\(error\|warning\):\s\+\(.*\)'
+    let l:general_pattern = '^\(warning\|error\|info\):\s*\(.*\)'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:line in a:lines
+        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:code_pattern)
+
+        if len(l:match) == 0
+            continue
+        endif
+
+        let l:file = l:match[1]
+        let l:line = l:match[2] + 0
+        let l:column = l:match[3] + 0
+        let l:type = l:match[4]
+        let l:text = l:match[5]
+
+        let l:buf_abspath = fnamemodify(l:file, ':p')
+        let l:curbuf_abspath = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p')
+
+        " Skip if file is not loaded
+        if l:buf_abspath !=# l:curbuf_abspath
+            continue
+        endif
+        let l:type_marker_str = l:type ==# 'warning' ? 'W' : 'E'
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:line,
+        \   'col': l:column,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \   'type': l:type_marker_str,
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    " Non-code related messages
+    for l:line in a:lines
+        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:general_pattern)
+
+        if len(l:match) == 0
+            continue
+        endif
+
+        let l:type = l:match[1]
+        let l:text = l:match[2]
+
+        let l:type_marker_str = l:type ==# 'warning' || l:type ==# 'info' ? 'W' : 'E'
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': -1,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \   'type': l:type_marker_str,
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('kotlin', {
+\   'name': 'kotlinc',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'executable': 'kotlinc',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#kotlin#kotlinc#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#kotlin#kotlinc#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,19 @@
 let g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')

+let g:ale_lua_luacheck_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options')
+    \   . ' --formatter plain --codes --filename %s -'
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns line the following:
    "
@@ -12,16 +25,8 @@ function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\): (\([WE]\)\d\+) \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[4],
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luacheck',
-\   'executable': g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable,
-\   'command': g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable . ' --formatter plain --codes --filename %s -',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/mdl.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/mdl.vim
@@ -6,17 +6,9 @@ function! ale_linters#markdown#mdl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = ':\(\d*\): \(.*\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
-        \   'col': 0,
        \   'text': l:match[2],
        \   'type': 'W',
        \})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/vale.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/vale.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: chew-z https://github.com/chew-z
+" Description: vale for Markdown files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
+\   'name': 'vale',
+\   'executable': 'vale',
+\   'command': 'vale --output=line %t',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ let g:ale_matlab_mlint_executable =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')

 function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return g:ale_matlab_mlint_executable
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'matlab_mlint_executable')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -22,13 +22,7 @@ function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^L \(\d\+\) (C \([0-9-]\+\)): \([A-Z]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:lnum = l:match[1] + 0
        let l:col = l:match[2] + 0
        let l:code = l:match[3]
@@ -40,7 +34,6 @@ function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
            continue
        endif

-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:lnum,
--- a/ale_linters/nim/nimcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nim/nimcheck.vim
@@ -1,19 +1,12 @@
 " Author: Baabelfish
 " Description: Typechecking for nim files

-
 function! ale_linters#nim#nimcheck#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:buffer_filename = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:t')
    let l:pattern = '^\(.\+\.nim\)(\(\d\+\), \(\d\+\)) \(.\+\)'
-    let l:output = [] 
-
-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
+    let l:output = []

+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        " Only show errors of the current buffer
        " NOTE: Checking filename only is OK because nim enforces unique
        "       module names.
@@ -39,7 +32,6 @@ function! ale_linters#nim#nimcheck#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
        endif

        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:line,
        \   'col': l:column,
        \   'text': l:text,
@@ -51,8 +43,11 @@ function! ale_linters#nim#nimcheck#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction


-function! ale_linters#nim#nimcheck#GetCommand(buffer)
-    return 'nim check --path:' . fnameescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' --verbosity:0 --colors:off --listFullPaths %t'
+function! ale_linters#nim#nimcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:directory = shellescape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+
+    return 'nim check --path:' . l:directory
+    \   . ' --threads:on --verbosity:0 --colors:off --listFullPaths %t'
 endfunction


--- a/ale_linters/nix/nix.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nix/nix.vim
@@ -2,19 +2,11 @@
 " Description: nix-instantiate linter for nix files

 function! ale_linters#nix#nix#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-
    let l:pattern = '^\(.\+\): \(.\+\), at .*:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[3] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[4] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[1] . ': ' . l:match[2],
--- a/ale_linters/nroff/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nroff/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('nroff', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/ocaml/merlin.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ocaml/merlin.vim
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
 " Description: Report errors in OCaml code with Merlin

 if !exists('g:merlin')
-  finish
+    finish
 endif

 function! ale_linters#ocaml#merlin#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-  let l:errors = merlin#ErrorLocList()
-  return l:errors
+    return merlin#ErrorLocList()
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('ocaml', {
@@ -16,4 +15,3 @@ call ale#linter#Define('ocaml', {
 \   'command': 'true',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#ocaml#merlin#Handle',
 \})
-
--- a/ale_linters/perl/perl.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/perl/perl.vim
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ let g:ale_perl_perl_options =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perl_options', '-X -c -Mwarnings -Ilib')

 function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return g:ale_perl_perl_executable
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_executable')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    return ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_perl_perl_options
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_options')
    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction

@@ -21,23 +21,13 @@ function! ale_linters#perl#perl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\(.\+\) at \(.\+\) line \(\d\+\)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:line = l:match[3]
-        let l:column = 1
        let l:text = l:match[1]
        let l:type = 'E'

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:line,
-        \   'col': l:column,
        \   'text': l:text,
        \   'type': l:type,
        \})
--- a/ale_linters/perl/perlcritic.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/perl/perlcritic.vim
@@ -5,25 +5,10 @@ function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\(.\+\) at \(.\+\) line \(\d\+\)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        let l:line = l:match[3]
-        let l:column = 1
-        let l:text = l:match[1]
-        let l:type = 'E'
-
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:line,
-        \   'col': l:column,
-        \   'text': l:text,
-        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'text': l:match[1],
+        \   'lnum': l:match[3],
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/php/hack.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/hack.vim
@@ -5,23 +5,15 @@ function! ale_linters#php#hack#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^\(.*\):\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\),\(\d\+\): \(.\+])\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        if a:buffer != bufnr(l:match[1])
            continue
        endif

-        if a:buffer != bufnr(l:match[1])
-          continue
-        endif
-
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[5],
-        \   'type': 'E',
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/php/php.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/php.vim
@@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
-" Author: Spencer Wood <https://github.com/scwood>
+" Author: Spencer Wood <https://github.com/scwood>, Adriaan Zonnenberg <amz@adriaan.xyz>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking PHP with php-cli

 function! ale_linters#php#php#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns like the following:
    "
    " PHP Parse error:  syntax error, unexpected ';', expecting ']' in - on line 15
-    let l:pattern = '\vParse error:\s+(.+unexpected ''(.+)%(expecting.+)@<!''.*|.+) in - on line (\d+)'
+    let l:pattern = '\v^%(Fatal|Parse) error:\s+(.+unexpected ''(.+)%(expecting.+)@<!''.*|.+) in - on line (\d+)'

    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[3] + 0,
        \   'col': empty(l:match[2]) ? 0 : stridx(getline(l:match[3]), l:match[2]) + 1,
        \   'text': l:match[1],
-        \   'type': 'E',
        \})
    endfor

@@ -32,7 +23,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'php',
 \   'executable': 'php',
-\   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'command': 'php -l -d display_errors=1 --',
+\   'output_stream': 'stdout',
+\   'command': 'php -l -d error_reporting=E_ALL -d display_errors=1 --',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#php#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/php/phpcs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/phpcs.vim
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 " Author: jwilliams108 <https://github.com/jwilliams108>
 " Description: phpcs for PHP files

+let g:ale_php_phpcs_standard = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpcs_standard', '')
+
 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:command = 'phpcs -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s'
+    let l:standard = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpcs_standard')
+    let l:standard_option = !empty(l:standard)
+    \   ? '--standard=' . l:standard
+    \   : ''

-    " This option can be set to change the standard used by phpcs
-    if exists('g:ale_php_phpcs_standard')
-        let l:command .= ' --standard=' . g:ale_php_phpcs_standard
-    endif
-
-    return l:command
+    return 'phpcs -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s ' . l:standard_option
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -19,19 +19,11 @@ function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\): \(.\+\) - \(.\+\) \(\(.\+\)\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:text = l:match[4]
        let l:type = l:match[3]

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:text,
--- a/ale_linters/php/phpmd.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/phpmd.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 " Set to change the ruleset
 let g:ale_php_phpmd_ruleset = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpmd_ruleset', 'cleancode,codesize,controversial,design,naming,unusedcode')

+function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'phpmd %s text '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_ruleset')
+    \   . ' --ignore-violations-on-exit %t'
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches against lines like the following:
    "
@@ -11,18 +17,9 @@ function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\)\t\(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
-        \   'col': 0,
        \   'text': l:match[2],
        \   'type': 'W',
        \})
@@ -34,6 +31,6 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpmd',
 \   'executable': 'phpmd',
-\   'command': 'phpmd %s text ' . g:ale_php_phpmd_ruleset . ' --ignore-violations-on-exit %t',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/pod/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/pod/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('pod', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/pug/puglint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/pug/puglint.vim
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('pug', {
 \   'executable': 'pug-lint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command': 'pug-lint -r inline %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/puppet/puppet.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/puppet/puppet.vim
@@ -7,20 +7,11 @@ function! ale_linters#puppet#puppet#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^Error: .*: \(.\+\) at .\+:\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[1],
-        \   'type': 'E',
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/puppet/puppetlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/puppet/puppetlint.vim
@@ -1,10 +1,26 @@
-" Author: Alexander Olofsson <alexander.olofsson@liu.se>
+" Author: Alexander Olofsson <alexander.olofsson@liu.se>, Robert Flechtner <flechtner@chemmedia.de>
+" Description: puppet-lint for puppet files
+
+let g:ale_puppet_puppetlint_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_puppet_puppetlint_executable', 'puppet-lint')
+
+let g:ale_puppet_puppetlint_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_puppet_puppetlint_options', '--no-autoloader_layout-check')
+
+function! ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'puppet_puppetlint_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'puppet_puppetlint_options')
+    \   . ' --log-format "-:%{line}:%{column}: %{kind}: [%{check}] %{message}"'
+    \   . ' %t'
+endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('puppet', {
 \   'name': 'puppetlint',
-\   'executable': 'puppet-lint',
-\   'command': 'puppet-lint --no-autoloader_layout-check'
-\   .   ' --log-format "-:%{line}:%{column}: %{kind}: [%{check}] %{message}"'
-\   .   ' %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/pyrex/cython.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/pyrex/cython.vim
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('pyrex', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'cython',
 \   'command': 'cython --warning-extra -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file . ' %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsError',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/python/flake8.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/python/flake8.vim
@@ -4,15 +4,38 @@
 let g:ale_python_flake8_executable =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_python_flake8_executable', 'flake8')

-let g:ale_python_flake8_args =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_python_flake8_args', '')
+" Support an old setting as a fallback.
+let s:default_options = get(g:, 'ale_python_flake8_args', '')
+let g:ale_python_flake8_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_python_flake8_options', s:default_options)
+let g:ale_python_flake8_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_python_flake8_use_global', 0)

 " A map from Python executable paths to semver strings parsed for those
 " executables, so we don't have to look up the version number constantly.
 let s:version_cache = {}

+function! s:UsingModule(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_flake8_options') =~# ' *-m flake8'
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#python#flake8#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return g:ale_python_flake8_executable
+    if !s:UsingModule(a:buffer) && !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_flake8_use_global')
+        let l:virtualenv = ale#python#FindVirtualenv(a:buffer)
+
+        if !empty(l:virtualenv)
+            let l:ve_flake8 = l:virtualenv . '/bin/flake8'
+
+            if executable(l:ve_flake8)
+                return l:ve_flake8
+            endif
+        endif
+    endif
+
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_flake8_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#python#flake8#ClearVersionCache() abort
+    let s:version_cache = {}
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#python#flake8#VersionCheck(buffer) abort
@@ -25,7 +48,10 @@ function! ale_linters#python#flake8#VersionCheck(buffer) abort
        return ''
    endif

-    return ale_linters#python#flake8#GetExecutable(a:buffer) . ' --version'
+    let l:executable = shellescape(ale_linters#python#flake8#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    let l:module_string = s:UsingModule(a:buffer) ? ' -m flake8' : ''
+
+    return l:executable . l:module_string . ' --version'
 endfunction

 " Get the flake8 version from the output, or the cache.
@@ -58,11 +84,14 @@ function! ale_linters#python#flake8#GetCommand(buffer, version_output) abort
    " Only include the --stdin-display-name argument if we can parse the
    " flake8 version, and it is recent enough to support it.
    let l:display_name_args = s:SupportsDisplayName(l:version)
-    \   ? '--stdin-display-name %s'
+    \   ? ' --stdin-display-name %s'
    \   : ''

-    return ale_linters#python#flake8#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_python_flake8_args . ' ' . l:display_name_args . ' -'
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_flake8_options')
+
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#python#flake8#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . l:display_name_args . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('python', {
@@ -72,5 +101,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('python', {
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#python#flake8#VersionCheck'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#python#flake8#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandlePEP8Format',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#python#HandlePEP8Format',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/python/mypy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/python/mypy.vim
@@ -1,23 +1,42 @@
 " Author: Keith Smiley <k@keith.so>, w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: mypy support for optional python typechecking

+let g:ale_python_mypy_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_python_mypy_executable', 'mypy')
 let g:ale_python_mypy_options = get(g:, 'ale_python_mypy_options', '')
+let g:ale_python_mypy_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_python_mypy_use_global', 0)

-function! g:ale_linters#python#mypy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:automatic_stubs_dir = ale#util#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, 'stubs')
-    " TODO: Add Windows support
-    let l:automatic_stubs_command = (has('unix') && !empty(l:automatic_stubs_dir))
-    \   ?  'MYPYPATH=' . l:automatic_stubs_dir . ' '
-    \   : ''
+function! ale_linters#python#mypy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    if !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_mypy_use_global')
+        let l:virtualenv = ale#python#FindVirtualenv(a:buffer)

-    return 'mypy --show-column-numbers '
-    \   . g:ale_python_mypy_options
-    \   . ' %t'
+        if !empty(l:virtualenv)
+            let l:ve_mypy = l:virtualenv . '/bin/mypy'
+
+            if executable(l:ve_mypy)
+                return l:ve_mypy
+            endif
+        endif
+    endif
+
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_mypy_executable')
 endfunction

-let s:path_pattern = '[a-zA-Z]\?\\\?:\?[[:alnum:]/\.\-_]\+'
+function! ale_linters#python#mypy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#python#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+    let l:cd_command = !empty(l:project_root)
+    \   ? ale#path#CdString(l:project_root)
+    \   : ''
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#python#mypy#GetExecutable(a:buffer)

-function! g:ale_linters#python#mypy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    return l:cd_command
+    \   . shellescape(l:executable)
+    \   . ' --show-column-numbers '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_mypy_options')
+    \   . ' %s'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#python#mypy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Look for lines like the following:
    "
    " file.py:4: error: No library stub file for module 'django.db'
@@ -25,37 +44,30 @@ function! g:ale_linters#python#mypy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Lines like these should be ignored below:
    "
    " file.py:4: note: (Stub files are from https://github.com/python/typeshed)
-    let l:pattern = '^' . s:path_pattern . ':\(\d\+\):\?\(\d\+\)\?: \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
+    let l:pattern = '\v^([a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+):(\d+):?(\d+)?: (error|warning): (.+)$'
    let l:output = []
+    let l:buffer_filename = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p')

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        if l:match[4] =~# 'Stub files are from'
-            " The lines telling us where to get stub files from make it so
-            " we can't read the actual errors, so exclude them.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        if l:buffer_filename[-len(l:match[1]):] !=# l:match[1]
            continue
        endif

        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
-        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
-        \   'text': l:match[4],
-        \   'type': l:match[3] =~# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'type': l:match[4] =~# 'error' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \   'text': l:match[5],
        \})
    endfor

    return l:output
 endfunction

-call g:ale#linter#Define('python', {
+call ale#linter#Define('python', {
 \   'name': 'mypy',
-\   'executable': 'mypy',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#python#mypy#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#python#mypy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#python#mypy#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/python/pylint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/python/pylint.vim
@@ -7,20 +7,68 @@ let g:ale_python_pylint_executable =
 let g:ale_python_pylint_options =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_python_pylint_options', '')

+let g:ale_python_pylint_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_python_pylint_use_global', 0)
+
 function! ale_linters#python#pylint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return g:ale_python_pylint_executable
+    if !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_pylint_use_global')
+        let l:virtualenv = ale#python#FindVirtualenv(a:buffer)
+
+        if !empty(l:virtualenv)
+            let l:ve_pylint = l:virtualenv . '/bin/pylint'
+
+            if executable(l:ve_pylint)
+                return l:ve_pylint
+            endif
+        endif
+    endif
+
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_pylint_executable')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#python#pylint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#python#pylint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . g:ale_python_pylint_options
+    return shellescape(ale_linters#python#pylint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'python_pylint_options')
    \   . ' --output-format text --msg-template="{path}:{line}:{column}: {msg_id} ({symbol}) {msg}" --reports n'
-    \   . ' %t'
+    \   . ' %s'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#python#pylint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " Matches patterns like the following:
+    "
+    " test.py:4:4: W0101 (unreachable) Unreachable code
+    let l:pattern = '\v^[^:]+:(\d+):(\d+): ([[:alnum:]]+) \((.*)\) (.*)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        "let l:failed = append(0, l:match)
+        let l:code = l:match[3]
+
+        if (l:code ==# 'C0303')
+        \ && !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'warn_about_trailing_whitespace')
+            " Skip warnings for trailing whitespace if the option is off.
+            continue
+        endif
+
+        if l:code ==# 'I0011'
+            " Skip 'Locally disabling' message
+             continue
+        endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[2] + 1,
+        \   'text': l:code . ': ' . l:match[5],
+        \   'type': l:code[:0] ==# 'E' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('python', {
 \   'name': 'pylint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#python#pylint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#python#pylint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandlePEP8Format',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#python#pylint#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/reason/merlin.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/reason/merlin.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+" Author: Andrey Popp -- @andreypopp
+" Description: Report errors in ReasonML code with Merlin
+
+if !exists('g:merlin')
+    finish
+endif
+
+function! ale_linters#reason#merlin#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    return merlin#ErrorLocList()
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('reason', {
+\   'name': 'merlin',
+\   'executable': 'ocamlmerlin',
+\   'command': 'true',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#reason#merlin#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/rst/proselint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/rst/proselint.vim
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('rst', {
 \   'name': 'proselint',
 \   'executable': 'proselint',
 \   'command': 'proselint %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleUnixFormatAsWarning',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/ruby/brakeman.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ruby/brakeman.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+" Author: Eddie Lebow https://github.com/elebow
+" Description: Brakeman, a static analyzer for Rails security
+
+let g:ale_ruby_brakeman_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_ruby_brakeman_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#ruby#brakeman#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:result = json_decode(join(a:lines, ''))
+
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:warning in l:result.warnings
+        " Brakeman always outputs paths relative to the Rails app root
+        let l:rails_root = s:FindRailsRoot(a:buffer)
+        let l:warning_file = l:rails_root . '/' . l:warning.file
+
+        if !ale#path#IsBufferPath(a:buffer, l:warning_file)
+          continue
+        endif
+
+        let l:text = l:warning.warning_type . ' ' . l:warning.message . ' (' . l:warning.confidence . ')'
+        let l:line = l:warning.line != v:null ? l:warning.line : 1
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \    'lnum': l:line,
+        \    'type': 'W',
+        \    'text': l:text,
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#ruby#brakeman#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:rails_root = s:FindRailsRoot(a:buffer)
+
+    if l:rails_root ==? ''
+        return ''
+    endif
+
+    return 'brakeman -f json -q '
+    \    . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'ruby_brakeman_options')
+    \    . ' -p ' . l:rails_root
+endfunction
+
+function! s:FindRailsRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Find the nearest dir contining "app", "db", and "config", and assume it is
+    " the root of a Rails app.
+    for l:name in ['app', 'config', 'db']
+        let l:dir = fnamemodify(
+        \   ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, l:name),
+        \   ':h:h'
+        \)
+
+        if l:dir !=# '.'
+        \&& isdirectory(l:dir . '/app')
+        \&& isdirectory(l:dir . '/config')
+        \&& isdirectory(l:dir . '/db')
+            return l:dir
+        endif
+    endfor
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('ruby', {
+\    'name': 'brakeman',
+\    'executable': 'brakeman',
+\    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#ruby#brakeman#GetCommand',
+\    'callback': 'ale_linters#ruby#brakeman#Handle',
+\    'lint_file': 1,
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/ruby/reek.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ruby/reek.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+" Author: Eddie Lebow https://github.com/elebow
+" Description: Reek, a code smell detector for Ruby files
+
+let g:ale_ruby_reek_show_context =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_ruby_reek_show_context', 0)
+
+let g:ale_ruby_reek_show_wiki_link =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_ruby_reek_show_wiki_link', 0)
+
+function! ale_linters#ruby#reek#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    if len(a:lines) == 0
+        return []
+    endif
+
+    let l:errors = json_decode(a:lines[0])
+
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:error in l:errors
+        for l:location in l:error.lines
+            call add(l:output, {
+            \    'lnum': l:location,
+            \    'type': 'W',
+            \    'text': s:BuildText(a:buffer, l:error),
+            \})
+        endfor
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+function! s:BuildText(buffer, error) abort
+    let l:text = a:error.smell_type . ':'
+
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'ruby_reek_show_context')
+        let l:text .= ' ' . a:error.context
+    endif
+
+    let l:text .= ' ' . a:error.message
+
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'ruby_reek_show_wiki_link')
+        let l:text .= ' [' . a:error.wiki_link . ']'
+    endif
+
+    return l:text
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('ruby', {
+\    'name': 'reek',
+\    'executable': 'reek',
+\    'command': 'reek -f json --no-progress --no-color',
+\    'callback': 'ale_linters#ruby#reek#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/ruby/rubocop.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ruby/rubocop.vim
@@ -9,23 +9,15 @@ function! ale_linters#ruby#rubocop#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\v:(\d+):(\d+): (.): (.+)'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:text = l:match[4]
        let l:type = l:match[3]

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:text,
-        \   'type': index(['C', 'E'], l:type) != -1 ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \   'type': index(['F', 'E'], l:type) != -1 ? 'E' : 'W',
        \})
    endfor

@@ -33,9 +25,9 @@ function! ale_linters#ruby#rubocop#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#ruby#rubocop#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-  return 'rubocop --format emacs --force-exclusion ' .
-        \ g:ale_ruby_rubocop_options .
-        \ ' --stdin ' . bufname(a:buffer)
+    return 'rubocop --format emacs --force-exclusion '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'ruby_rubocop_options')
+    \   . ' --stdin ' . bufname(a:buffer)
 endfunction

 " Set this option to change Rubocop options.
--- a/ale_linters/ruby/ruby.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/ruby/ruby.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+" Author: Brandon Roehl - https://github.com/BrandonRoehl
+" Description: Ruby MRI for Ruby files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('ruby', {
+\   'name': 'ruby',
+\   'executable': 'ruby',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'command': 'ruby -w -c -T1 %t',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#ruby#HandleSyntaxErrors',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/rust/cargo.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/rust/cargo.vim
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 " Author: Daniel Schemala <istjanichtzufassen@gmail.com>
 " Description: rustc invoked by cargo for rust files

+let g:ale_rust_cargo_use_check = get(g:, 'ale_rust_cargo_use_check', 0)
+
 function! ale_linters#rust#cargo#GetCargoExecutable(bufnr) abort
-    if ale#util#FindNearestFile(a:bufnr, 'Cargo.toml') !=# ''
+    if ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:bufnr, 'Cargo.toml') !=# ''
        return 'cargo'
    else
        " if there is no Cargo.toml file, we don't use cargo even if it exists,
@@ -11,10 +13,19 @@ function! ale_linters#rust#cargo#GetCargoExecutable(bufnr) abort
    endif
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#rust#cargo#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:command = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'rust_cargo_use_check')
+    \   ? 'check'
+    \   : 'build'
+
+    return 'cargo ' . l:command . ' --frozen --message-format=json -q'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('rust', {
 \   'name': 'cargo',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#rust#cargo#GetCargoExecutable',
-\   'command': 'cargo build --message-format=json -q',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#rust#cargo#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#rust#HandleRustErrors',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/rust/rustc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/rust/rustc.vim
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ function! ale_linters#rust#rustc#RustcCommand(buffer_number) abort
    " Try to guess the library search path. If the project is managed by cargo,
    " it's usually <project root>/target/debug/deps/ or
    " <project root>/target/release/deps/
-    let l:cargo_file = ale#util#FindNearestFile(a:buffer_number, 'Cargo.toml')
+    let l:cargo_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer_number, 'Cargo.toml')

    if l:cargo_file !=# ''
        let l:project_root = fnamemodify(l:cargo_file, ':h')
--- a/ale_linters/sass/sasslint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/sass/sasslint.vim
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('sass', {
 \   'name': 'sasslint',
 \   'executable': 'sass-lint',
 \   'command': 'sass-lint -v -q -f compact %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleCSSLintFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleCSSLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/sass/stylelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/sass/stylelint.vim
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ let g:ale_sass_stylelint_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_sass_stylelint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#sass#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_sass_stylelint_use_global
-        return g:ale_sass_stylelint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sass_stylelint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sass_stylelint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \   g:ale_sass_stylelint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sass_stylelint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('sass', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#sass#stylelint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#sass#stylelint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleStyleLintFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/scala/scalac.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/scala/scalac.vim
@@ -23,15 +23,9 @@ function! ale_linters#scala#scalac#Handle(buffer, lines) abort

        if l:ln + 1 < len(a:lines)
            let l:col = stridx(a:lines[l:ln + 1], '^')
-
-            if l:col == -1
-                let l:col = 0
-            endif
        endif

-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:col + 1,
        \   'text': l:text,
--- a/ale_linters/scss/sasslint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/scss/sasslint.vim
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('scss', {
 \   'name': 'sasslint',
 \   'executable': 'sass-lint',
 \   'command': 'sass-lint -v -q -f compact %t',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleCSSLintFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleCSSLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/scss/scsslint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/scss/scsslint.vim
@@ -8,21 +8,14 @@ function! ale_linters#scss#scsslint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '^.*:\(\d\+\):\(\d*\) \[\([^\]]\+\)\] \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        if !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'warn_about_trailing_whitespace')
+        \&& l:match[4] =~# '^TrailingWhitespace'
+            " Skip trailing whitespace warnings if that option is off.
            continue
        endif

-        if !g:ale_warn_about_trailing_whitespace && l:match[4] =~# '^TrailingWhitespace'
-            " Skip trailing whitespace warnings if that option is on.
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        " vcol is needed to indicate that the column is a character
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'col': l:match[2] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[4],
--- a/ale_linters/scss/stylelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/scss/stylelint.vim
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ let g:ale_scss_stylelint_use_global =
 \   get(g:, 'ale_scss_stylelint_use_global', 0)

 function! ale_linters#scss#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    if g:ale_scss_stylelint_use_global
-        return g:ale_scss_stylelint_executable
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'scss_stylelint_use_global')
+        return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'scss_stylelint_executable')
    endif

-    return ale#util#ResolveLocalPath(
+    return ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
    \   a:buffer,
    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \   g:ale_scss_stylelint_executable
+    \   ale#Var(a:buffer, 'scss_stylelint_executable')
    \)
 endfunction

@@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('scss', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
 \   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#scss#stylelint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#scss#stylelint#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleStyleLintFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/sh/shell.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/sh/shell.vim
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 " Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: Lints sh files using bash -n

+" Backwards compatibility
+if exists('g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell')
+    let g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell = g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell
+endif
+
 " This option can be changed to change the default shell when the shell
 " cannot be taken from the hashbang line.
-if !exists('g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell')
-    let g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell = fnamemodify($SHELL, ':t')
+if !exists('g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell')
+    let g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell = fnamemodify($SHELL, ':t')

-    if g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell ==# ''
-        let g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell = 'bash'
+    if g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell ==# '' || g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell ==# 'fish'
+        let g:ale_sh_shell_default_shell = 'bash'
    endif
 endif

@@ -26,11 +31,11 @@ function! ale_linters#sh#shell#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
        endfor
    endif

-    return g:ale_linters_sh_shell_default_shell
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sh_shell_default_shell')
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#sh#shell#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#sh#shell#GetExecutable(a:buffer) . ' -n'
+    return ale_linters#sh#shell#GetExecutable(a:buffer) . ' -n %t'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#sh#shell#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -38,28 +43,13 @@ function! ale_linters#sh#shell#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    "
    " bash: line 13: syntax error near unexpected token `d'
    " sh: 11: Syntax error: "(" unexpected
-    let l:pattern = '^[^:]\+: \%(\w\+ \|\)\(\d\+\): \(.\+\)'
+    let l:pattern = '\v(line |: ?)(\d+): (.+)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        let l:line = l:match[1] + 0
-        let l:column = 1
-        let l:text = l:match[2]
-        let l:type = 'E'
-
-        " vcol is Needed to indicate that the column is a character.
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:line,
-        \   'col': l:column,
-        \   'text': l:text,
-        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'lnum': str2nr(l:match[2]),
+        \   'text': l:match[3],
        \})
    endfor

--- a/ale_linters/sh/shellcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/sh/shellcheck.vim
@@ -5,16 +5,19 @@
 " This global variable can be set with a string of comma-seperated error
 " codes to exclude from shellcheck. For example:
 "
-" let g:ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions = 'SC2002,SC2004'
-if !exists('g:ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions')
-    let g:ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions = ''
-endif
+" let g:ale_sh_shellcheck_exclusions = 'SC2002,SC2004'
+let g:ale_sh_shellcheck_exclusions =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_sh_shellcheck_exclusions', get(g:, 'ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions', ''))

-if g:ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions !=# ''
-    let s:exclude_option = '-e ' .  g:ale_linters_sh_shellcheck_exclusions
-else
-    let s:exclude_option = ''
-endif
+let g:ale_sh_shellcheck_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_sh_shellcheck_executable', 'shellcheck')
+
+let g:ale_sh_shellcheck_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_sh_shellcheck_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#sh#shellcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sh_shellcheck_executable')
+endfunction

 function! s:GetDialectArgument() abort
    if exists('b:is_bash') && b:is_bash
@@ -29,12 +32,17 @@ function! s:GetDialectArgument() abort
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#sh#shellcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-  return 'shellcheck ' . s:exclude_option . ' ' . s:GetDialectArgument() . ' -f gcc -'
+    let l:exclude_option = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sh_shellcheck_exclusions')
+
+    return ale_linters#sh#shellcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'sh_shellcheck_options')
+    \   . ' ' . (!empty(l:exclude_option) ? '-e ' . l:exclude_option : '')
+    \   . ' ' . s:GetDialectArgument() . ' -f gcc -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('sh', {
 \   'name': 'shellcheck',
-\   'executable': 'shellcheck',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#sh#shellcheck#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#sh#shellcheck#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/slim/slimlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/slim/slimlint.vim
@@ -7,15 +7,8 @@ function! ale_linters#slim#slimlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\v^.*:(\d+) \[([EW])\] (.+)$'
    let l:output = []

-    for l:line in a:lines
-        let l:match = matchlist(l:line, l:pattern)
-
-        if len(l:match) == 0
-            continue
-        endif
-
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'type': l:match[2],
        \   'text': l:match[3]
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More