Get typing.NewType working (#1344)

Squashed from the following commits:

* Update pep0484.py

(I don't think I want to know why the cursor jumped to the beginning of the line with every keystroke in GitHub's online editor. Change was entered backwards.)

* Added test for inline use of NewType. Currently assuming that wrapped instances should get the underlying type.

* Altered tests per https://github.com/davidhalter/jedi/issues/1015#issuecomment-356131566

* Add NewTypeFunction to typing evaluation module

* Update AUTHORS.txt

* Add a new test, and a speculative justification

For now, address only the second comment

* Copy code from third comment on the PR

From inspection, I *believe* I understand what this code is doing, and as such, I believe this should cause the new test I added in response to the second comment to fail, because that test is based on faulty assumptions.

* Explicitly discard the key from the tuple

* Update pep0484_typing.py

* Test for the wrapped type, not the wrapper "type"

* Change the return value from calling a NewType

AUTHORS.txt

@@ -51,5 +51,6 @@ Maksim Novikov (@m-novikov) <mnovikov.work@gmail.com>
 Tobias Rzepka (@TobiasRzepka)
 micbou (@micbou)
 Dima Gerasimov (@karlicoss) <karlicoss@gmail.com>
+Max Woerner Chase (@mwchase) <max.chase@gmail.com>
 
 Note: (@user) means a github user name.