diff --git a/jedi/api/__init__.py b/jedi/api/__init__.py
index 946f2c83..0c4db2dc 100644
--- a/jedi/api/__init__.py
+++ b/jedi/api/__init__.py
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ class Script:
         self.path = path.absolute() if path else None
 
         if code is None:
+            if path is None:
+                raise ValueError("Must provide at least one of code or path")
+
             # TODO add a better warning than the traceback!
             with open(path, 'rb') as f:
                 code = f.read()