Cleaning up os/posix module constants (#13134)

stdlib/@tests/stubtest_allowlists/common.txt

@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ wave.Wave_write.initfp
 # ==========
 
 # Platform differences that cannot be captured by the type system
-os.O_[A-Z_]+
 socket.AF_DECnet
 
 # sys attributes that are not always defined

stdlib/@tests/stubtest_allowlists/darwin.txt

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ select.POLLMSG   # system dependent
 (_gdbm)?
 
 # Platform differences that cannot be captured by the type system
-(posix.O_[A-Z_]+)?
-(posix.ST_[A-Z]+)?
 (termios.[A-Z0-9_]+)?
 
 # ==========
@@ -42,10 +40,6 @@ winsound
 # multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32 exists on Darwin but fail to import
 multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32
 
-# Platform differences that cannot be captured by the type system
-os.SCHED_[A-Z_]+
-posix.SCHED_[A-Z_]+
-
 # Some of these exist on non-windows, but they are useless and this is not intended
 stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_[A-Z_]+
 

stdlib/@tests/stubtest_allowlists/linux-py312.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,8 @@ msilib(.[a-z]+)?
 
 # doesn't exist in all installations
 (nis)?
+
+# These seem like they should be available on Linux, but they're not
+# on GitHub Actions runners for some reason.
+os.CLONE_NEWTIME
+posix.CLONE_NEWTIME

stdlib/@tests/stubtest_allowlists/linux-py313.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,7 @@
 # TODO: triage these (new in py313)
 posixpath.splitroot
+
+# These seem like they should be available on Linux, but they're not
+# on GitHub Actions runners for some reason.
+os.CLONE_NEWTIME
+posix.CLONE_NEWTIME

stdlib/@tests/stubtest_allowlists/linux.txt

@@ -25,11 +25,6 @@ multiprocessing.popen_spawn_win32
 
 # Platform differences that cannot be captured by the type system
 fcntl.I_[A-Z0-9_]+
-os.SCHED_[A-Z_]+
-posix.SCHED_[A-Z_]+
-((os|posix).CLONE_[A-Z]+)?  # Python 3.12+
-(posix.O_[A-Z_]+)?
-(posix.ST_[A-Z]+)?
 (termios.[A-Z0-9_]+)?
 
 # Some of these exist on non-windows, but they are useless and this is not intended