Use PEP 604 syntax wherever possible (#7493)

stdlib/@python2/SocketServer.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 from socket import SocketType
-from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, ClassVar, Text, Union
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, ClassVar, Text
 
 class BaseServer:
     address_family: int

stdlib/@python2/_codecs.pyi

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 import codecs
 import sys
-from typing import Any, Callable, Text, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Text
 
 # For convenience:
 _Handler = Callable[[Exception], tuple[Text, int]]
-_String = Union[bytes, str]
-_Errors = Union[str, Text, None]
-_Decodable = Union[bytes, Text]
-_Encodable = Union[bytes, Text]
+_String = bytes | str
+_Errors = str | Text | None
+_Decodable = bytes | Text
+_Encodable = bytes | Text
 
 # This type is not exposed; it is defined in unicodeobject.c
 class _EncodingMap(object):
     def size(self) -> int: ...
 
-_MapT = Union[dict[int, int], _EncodingMap]
+_MapT = dict[int, int] | _EncodingMap
 
 def register(__search_function: Callable[[str], Any]) -> None: ...
 def register_error(__errors: str | Text, __handler: _Handler) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/_curses.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, overload
 
-_chtype = Union[str, bytes, int]
+_chtype = str | bytes | int
 
 # ACS codes are only initialized after initscr is called
 ACS_BBSS: int

stdlib/@python2/_dummy_threading.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from types import FrameType, TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Optional, Text
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Text
 
 # TODO recursive type
-_TF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], Optional[Callable[..., Any]]]
+_TF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], Callable[..., Any] | None]
 
 _PF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], None]
 

stdlib/@python2/_io.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from mmap import mmap
-from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, Iterable, Text, TextIO, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, Iterable, Text, TextIO
 
-_bytearray_like = Union[bytearray, mmap]
+_bytearray_like = bytearray | mmap
 
 DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE: int
 

stdlib/@python2/_typeshed/__init__.pyi

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import array
 import mmap
-from typing import Any, Container, Iterable, Protocol, Text, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Container, Iterable, Protocol, Text, TypeVar
 from typing_extensions import Literal, final
 
 _KT = TypeVar("_KT")
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ OpenTextModeUpdating = Literal[
 ]
 OpenTextModeWriting = Literal["w", "wt", "tw", "a", "at", "ta", "x", "xt", "tx"]
 OpenTextModeReading = Literal["r", "rt", "tr", "U", "rU", "Ur", "rtU", "rUt", "Urt", "trU", "tUr", "Utr"]
-OpenTextMode = Union[OpenTextModeUpdating, OpenTextModeWriting, OpenTextModeReading]
+OpenTextMode = OpenTextModeUpdating | OpenTextModeWriting | OpenTextModeReading
 OpenBinaryModeUpdating = Literal[
     "rb+",
     "r+b",
@@ -133,13 +133,13 @@ OpenBinaryModeUpdating = Literal[
 ]
 OpenBinaryModeWriting = Literal["wb", "bw", "ab", "ba", "xb", "bx"]
 OpenBinaryModeReading = Literal["rb", "br", "rbU", "rUb", "Urb", "brU", "bUr", "Ubr"]
-OpenBinaryMode = Union[OpenBinaryModeUpdating, OpenBinaryModeReading, OpenBinaryModeWriting]
+OpenBinaryMode = OpenBinaryModeUpdating | OpenBinaryModeReading | OpenBinaryModeWriting
 
 class HasFileno(Protocol):
     def fileno(self) -> int: ...
 
 FileDescriptor = int
-FileDescriptorLike = Union[int, HasFileno]
+FileDescriptorLike = int | HasFileno
 
 class SupportsRead(Protocol[_T_co]):
     def read(self, __length: int = ...) -> _T_co: ...
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ class SupportsNoArgReadline(Protocol[_T_co]):
 class SupportsWrite(Protocol[_T_contra]):
     def write(self, __s: _T_contra) -> Any: ...
 
-ReadableBuffer = Union[bytes, bytearray, memoryview, array.array[Any], mmap.mmap, buffer]
-WriteableBuffer = Union[bytearray, memoryview, array.array[Any], mmap.mmap, buffer]
+ReadableBuffer = bytes | bytearray | memoryview | array.array[Any] | mmap.mmap | buffer
+WriteableBuffer = bytearray | memoryview | array.array[Any] | mmap.mmap | buffer
 
 # Used by type checkers for checks involving None (does not exist at runtime)
 @final

stdlib/@python2/_typeshed/wsgi.pyi

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # file. They are provided for type checking purposes.
 
 from sys import _OptExcInfo
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, Protocol, Text
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Protocol, Text
 
 class StartResponse(Protocol):
     def __call__(

stdlib/@python2/_winreg.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import sys
 from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 if sys.platform == "win32":
-    _KeyType = Union[HKEYType, int]
+    _KeyType = HKEYType | int
     def CloseKey(__hkey: _KeyType) -> None: ...
     def ConnectRegistry(__computer_name: str | None, __key: _KeyType) -> HKEYType: ...
     def CreateKey(__key: _KeyType, __sub_key: str | None) -> HKEYType: ...

stdlib/@python2/aifc.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, Text, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, NamedTuple, Text, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class _aifc_params(NamedTuple):
     comptype: bytes
     compname: bytes
 
-_File = Union[Text, IO[bytes]]
+_File = Text | IO[bytes]
 _Marker = tuple[int, int, bytes]
 
 class Aifc_read:

stdlib/@python2/argparse.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Generator, Iterable, NoReturn, Pattern, Protocol, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Generator, Iterable, NoReturn, Pattern, Protocol, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, overload
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 _ActionT = TypeVar("_ActionT", bound=Action)
 _N = TypeVar("_N")
 
-_Text = Union[str, unicode]
+_Text = str | unicode
 
 ONE_OR_MORE: str
 OPTIONAL: str

stdlib/@python2/array.pyi

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
-from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Generic, Iterable, MutableSequence, Text, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Generic, Iterable, MutableSequence, Text, TypeVar, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 _IntTypeCode = Literal["b", "B", "h", "H", "i", "I", "l", "L", "q", "Q"]
 _FloatTypeCode = Literal["f", "d"]
 _UnicodeTypeCode = Literal["u"]
-_TypeCode = Union[_IntTypeCode, _FloatTypeCode, _UnicodeTypeCode]
+_TypeCode = _IntTypeCode | _FloatTypeCode | _UnicodeTypeCode
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T", int, float, Text)
 

stdlib/@python2/asyncore.pyi

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
 from socket import SocketType
-from typing import Any, Optional, overload
+from typing import Any, overload
 
 # cyclic dependence with asynchat
 _maptype = dict[int, Any]

stdlib/@python2/base64.pyi

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from typing import IO, Union
+from typing import IO
 
-_encodable = Union[bytes, unicode]
-_decodable = Union[bytes, unicode]
+_encodable = bytes | unicode
+_decodable = bytes | unicode
 
 def b64encode(s: _encodable, altchars: bytes | None = ...) -> bytes: ...
 def b64decode(s: _decodable, altchars: bytes | None = ..., validate: bool = ...) -> bytes: ...

stdlib/@python2/binhex.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, Union
+from typing import IO, Any
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class FInfo:
     Flags: int
 
 _FileInfoTuple = tuple[str, FInfo, int, int]
-_FileHandleUnion = Union[str, IO[bytes]]
+_FileHandleUnion = str | IO[bytes]
 
 def getfileinfo(name: str) -> _FileInfoTuple: ...
 

stdlib/@python2/bz2.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import io
 from _typeshed import ReadableBuffer, Self, WriteableBuffer
-from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, Text
 from typing_extensions import SupportsIndex
 
-_PathOrFile = Union[Text, IO[bytes]]
+_PathOrFile = Text | IO[bytes]
 
 def compress(data: bytes, compresslevel: int = ...) -> bytes: ...
 def decompress(data: bytes) -> bytes: ...

stdlib/@python2/cmath.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from typing import SupportsComplex, SupportsFloat, Union
+from typing import SupportsComplex, SupportsFloat
 
 e: float
 pi: float
-_C = Union[SupportsFloat, SupportsComplex, complex]
+_C = SupportsFloat | SupportsComplex | complex
 
 def acos(__z: _C) -> complex: ...
 def acosh(__z: _C) -> complex: ...

stdlib/@python2/codecs.pyi

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import types
 from _typeshed import Self
 from abc import abstractmethod
-from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Protocol, Text, TextIO, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, Protocol, Text, TextIO, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 # TODO: this only satisfies the most common interface, where

stdlib/@python2/contextlib.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, ContextManager, Iterable, Iterator, Optional, Protocol, TypeVar
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, ContextManager, Iterable, Iterator, Protocol, TypeVar
 from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ _T_co = TypeVar("_T_co", covariant=True)
 _F = TypeVar("_F", bound=Callable[..., Any])
 _P = ParamSpec("_P")
 
-_ExitFunc = Callable[[Optional[type[BaseException]], Optional[BaseException], Optional[TracebackType]], bool]
+_ExitFunc = Callable[[type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None], bool]
 
 class GeneratorContextManager(ContextManager[_T_co]):
     def __call__(self, func: _F) -> _F: ...

stdlib/@python2/ctypes/__init__.pyi

@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ pythonapi: PyDLL
 # Anything that implements the read-write buffer interface.
 # The buffer interface is defined purely on the C level, so we cannot define a normal Protocol
 # for it. Instead we have to list the most common stdlib buffer classes in a Union.
-_WritableBuffer = _UnionT[bytearray, memoryview, array[Any], _CData]
+_WritableBuffer = bytearray | memoryview | array[Any] | _CData
 # Same as _WritableBuffer, but also includes read-only buffer types (like bytes).
-_ReadOnlyBuffer = _UnionT[_WritableBuffer, bytes]
+_ReadOnlyBuffer = _WritableBuffer | bytes
 
 class _CDataMeta(type):
     # By default mypy complains about the following two methods, because strictly speaking cls
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class _CData(metaclass=_CDataMeta):
     @classmethod
     def from_address(cls: type[Self], address: int) -> Self: ...
     @classmethod
-    def from_param(cls: type[_CT], obj: Any) -> _UnionT[_CT, _CArgObject]: ...
+    def from_param(cls: type[_CT], obj: Any) -> _CT | _CArgObject: ...
     @classmethod
     def in_dll(cls: type[Self], library: CDLL, name: str) -> Self: ...
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ _ECT = Callable[[Optional[type[_CData]], _FuncPointer, tuple[_CData, ...]], _CDa
 _PF = _UnionT[tuple[int], tuple[int, str], tuple[int, str, Any]]
 
 class _FuncPointer(_PointerLike, _CData):
-    restype: _UnionT[type[_CData], Callable[[int], Any], None] = ...
+    restype: type[_CData] | Callable[[int], Any] | None = ...
     argtypes: Sequence[type[_CData]] = ...
     errcheck: _ECT = ...
     @overload
@@ -125,25 +125,25 @@ class _CArgObject: ...
 
 # Any type that can be implicitly converted to c_void_p when passed as a C function argument.
 # (bytes is not included here, see below.)
-_CVoidPLike = _UnionT[_PointerLike, Array[Any], _CArgObject, int]
+_CVoidPLike = _PointerLike | Array[Any] | _CArgObject | int
 # Same as above, but including types known to be read-only (i. e. bytes).
 # This distinction is not strictly necessary (ctypes doesn't differentiate between const
 # and non-const pointers), but it catches errors like memmove(b'foo', buf, 4)
 # when memmove(buf, b'foo', 4) was intended.
-_CVoidConstPLike = _UnionT[_CVoidPLike, bytes]
+_CVoidConstPLike = _CVoidPLike | bytes
 
 def addressof(obj: _CData) -> int: ...
-def alignment(obj_or_type: _UnionT[_CData, type[_CData]]) -> int: ...
+def alignment(obj_or_type: _CData | type[_CData]) -> int: ...
 def byref(obj: _CData, offset: int = ...) -> _CArgObject: ...
 
 _CastT = TypeVar("_CastT", bound=_CanCastTo)
 
-def cast(obj: _UnionT[_CData, _CArgObject, int], typ: type[_CastT]) -> _CastT: ...
-def create_string_buffer(init: _UnionT[int, bytes], size: int | None = ...) -> Array[c_char]: ...
+def cast(obj: _CData | _CArgObject | int, typ: type[_CastT]) -> _CastT: ...
+def create_string_buffer(init: int | bytes, size: int | None = ...) -> Array[c_char]: ...
 
 c_buffer = create_string_buffer
 
-def create_unicode_buffer(init: _UnionT[int, Text], size: int | None = ...) -> Array[c_wchar]: ...
+def create_unicode_buffer(init: int | Text, size: int | None = ...) -> Array[c_wchar]: ...
 
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     def DllCanUnloadNow() -> int: ...
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def set_errno(value: int) -> int: ...
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     def set_last_error(value: int) -> int: ...
 
-def sizeof(obj_or_type: _UnionT[_CData, type[_CData]]) -> int: ...
+def sizeof(obj_or_type: _CData | type[_CData]) -> int: ...
 def string_at(address: _CVoidConstPLike, size: int = ...) -> bytes: ...
 
 if sys.platform == "win32":
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ class _SimpleCData(Generic[_T], _CData):
 class c_byte(_SimpleCData[int]): ...
 
 class c_char(_SimpleCData[bytes]):
-    def __init__(self, value: _UnionT[int, bytes] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, value: int | bytes = ...) -> None: ...
 
-class c_char_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[Optional[bytes]]):
-    def __init__(self, value: _UnionT[int, bytes] | None = ...) -> None: ...
+class c_char_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[bytes | None]):
+    def __init__(self, value: int | bytes | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class c_double(_SimpleCData[float]): ...
 class c_longdouble(_SimpleCData[float]): ...
@@ -225,11 +225,11 @@ class c_uint64(_SimpleCData[int]): ...
 class c_ulong(_SimpleCData[int]): ...
 class c_ulonglong(_SimpleCData[int]): ...
 class c_ushort(_SimpleCData[int]): ...
-class c_void_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[Optional[int]]): ...
+class c_void_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[int | None]): ...
 class c_wchar(_SimpleCData[Text]): ...
 
-class c_wchar_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[Optional[Text]]):
-    def __init__(self, value: _UnionT[int, Text] | None = ...) -> None: ...
+class c_wchar_p(_PointerLike, _SimpleCData[Text | None]):
+    def __init__(self, value: int | Text | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class c_bool(_SimpleCData[bool]):
     def __init__(self, value: bool = ...) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/datetime.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from time import struct_time
-from typing import AnyStr, ClassVar, SupportsAbs, Union, overload
+from typing import AnyStr, ClassVar, SupportsAbs, overload
 
-_Text = Union[str, unicode]
+_Text = str | unicode
 
 MINYEAR: int
 MAXYEAR: int

stdlib/@python2/dbm/__init__.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Iterator, MutableMapping, Union
+from typing import Iterator, MutableMapping
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
-_KeyType = Union[str, bytes]
-_ValueType = Union[str, bytes]
+_KeyType = str | bytes
+_ValueType = str | bytes
 
 class _Database(MutableMapping[_KeyType, bytes]):
     def close(self) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/dbm/dumb.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Iterator, MutableMapping, Union
+from typing import Iterator, MutableMapping
 
-_KeyType = Union[str, bytes]
-_ValueType = Union[str, bytes]
+_KeyType = str | bytes
+_ValueType = str | bytes
 
 error = OSError
 

stdlib/@python2/dbm/gnu.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import TypeVar, overload
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
-_KeyType = Union[str, bytes]
-_ValueType = Union[str, bytes]
+_KeyType = str | bytes
+_ValueType = str | bytes
 
 class error(OSError): ...
 

stdlib/@python2/dbm/ndbm.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import TypeVar, overload
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
-_KeyType = Union[str, bytes]
-_ValueType = Union[str, bytes]
+_KeyType = str | bytes
+_ValueType = str | bytes
 
 class error(OSError): ...
 

stdlib/@python2/decimal.pyi

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ from _typeshed import Self
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any, Container, NamedTuple, Sequence, Text, Union
 
-_Decimal = Union[Decimal, int]
+_Decimal = Decimal | int
 _DecimalNew = Union[Decimal, float, Text, tuple[int, Sequence[int], int]]
-_ComparableNum = Union[Decimal, float]
+_ComparableNum = Decimal | float
 
 class DecimalTuple(NamedTuple):
     sign: int

stdlib/@python2/difflib.pyi

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, NamedTuple, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, NamedTuple, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, overload
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 
 # Aliases can't point to type vars, so we need to redeclare AnyStr
 _StrType = TypeVar("_StrType", Text, bytes)
 
-_JunkCallback = Union[Callable[[Text], bool], Callable[[str], bool]]
+_JunkCallback = Callable[[Text], bool] | Callable[[str], bool]
 
 class Match(NamedTuple):
     a: int

stdlib/@python2/dis.pyi

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ from opcode import (
     opmap as opmap,
     opname as opname,
 )
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator
 
 # Strictly this should not have to include Callable, but mypy doesn't use FunctionType
 # for functions (python/mypy#3171)
-_have_code = Union[types.MethodType, types.FunctionType, types.CodeType, type, Callable[..., Any]]
-_have_code_or_string = Union[_have_code, str, bytes]
+_have_code = types.MethodType | types.FunctionType | types.CodeType | type | Callable[..., Any]
+_have_code_or_string = _have_code | str | bytes
 
 COMPILER_FLAG_NAMES: dict[int, str]
 

stdlib/@python2/fnmatch.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import AnyStr, Iterable, Union
+from typing import AnyStr, Iterable
 
-_EitherStr = Union[str, unicode]
+_EitherStr = str | unicode
 
 def fnmatch(filename: _EitherStr, pattern: _EitherStr) -> bool: ...
 def fnmatchcase(filename: _EitherStr, pattern: _EitherStr) -> bool: ...

stdlib/@python2/fractions.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from decimal import Decimal
 from numbers import Integral, Rational, Real
-from typing import Union, overload
+from typing import overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
-_ComparableNum = Union[int, float, Decimal, Real]
+_ComparableNum = int | float | Decimal | Real
 
 @overload
 def gcd(a: int, b: int) -> int: ...

stdlib/@python2/ftplib.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import SupportsRead, SupportsReadline
 from socket import socket
 from ssl import SSLContext
-from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Text, Union
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Text
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
-_IntOrStr = Union[int, Text]
+_IntOrStr = int | Text
 
 MSG_OOB: int
 FTP_PORT: int

stdlib/@python2/genericpath.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from _typeshed import SupportsLessThanT
-from typing import Sequence, Text, Union, overload
+from typing import Sequence, Text, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 # All overloads can return empty string. Ideally, Literal[""] would be a valid

stdlib/@python2/hashlib.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Union
-
-_DataType = Union[str, unicode, bytearray, buffer, memoryview]
+_DataType = str | unicode | bytearray | buffer | memoryview
 
 class _hash(object):  # This is not actually in the module namespace.
     @property

stdlib/@python2/hmac.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from _typeshed import ReadableBuffer
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, overload
 
 # TODO more precise type for object of hashlib
 _Hash = Any
-_DigestMod = Union[str, Callable[[], _Hash], ModuleType]
+_DigestMod = str | Callable[[], _Hash] | ModuleType
 
 digest_size: None
 

stdlib/@python2/imghdr.pyi

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Protocol, Text, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Callable, Protocol, Text, overload
 
 class _ReadableBinary(Protocol):
     def tell(self) -> int: ...
     def read(self, size: int) -> bytes: ...
     def seek(self, offset: int) -> Any: ...
 
-_File = Union[Text, _ReadableBinary]
+_File = Text | _ReadableBinary
 
 @overload
 def what(file: _File, h: None = ...) -> str | None: ...

stdlib/@python2/lib2to3/pytree.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from lib2to3.pgen2.grammar import Grammar
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Text, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, Text, TypeVar
 
 _P = TypeVar("_P")
-_NL = Union[Node, Leaf]
+_NL = Node | Leaf
 _Context = tuple[Text, int, int]
 _Results = dict[Text, _NL]
 _RawNode = tuple[int, Text, _Context, Optional[list[_NL]]]

stdlib/@python2/logging/__init__.pyi

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ from types import FrameType, TracebackType
 from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Generic, Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, Union, overload
 
 _SysExcInfoType = Union[tuple[type, BaseException, Optional[TracebackType]], tuple[None, None, None]]
-_ExcInfoType = Union[None, bool, _SysExcInfoType]
+_ExcInfoType = None | bool | _SysExcInfoType
 _ArgsType = Union[tuple[Any, ...], Mapping[str, Any]]
-_FilterType = Union[Filter, Callable[[LogRecord], int]]
-_Level = Union[int, Text]
+_FilterType = Filter | Callable[[LogRecord], int]
+_Level = int | Text
 
 raiseExceptions: bool
 logThreads: bool

stdlib/@python2/mailbox.pyi

@@ -1,26 +1,11 @@
 import email.message
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import (
-    IO,
-    Any,
-    AnyStr,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    Mapping,
-    Protocol,
-    Sequence,
-    Text,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-    overload,
-)
+from typing import IO, Any, AnyStr, Callable, Generic, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping, Protocol, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
 _MessageT = TypeVar("_MessageT", bound=Message)
-_MessageData = Union[email.message.Message, bytes, str, IO[str], IO[bytes]]
+_MessageData = email.message.Message | bytes | str | IO[str] | IO[bytes]
 
 class _HasIteritems(Protocol):
     def iteritems(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, _MessageData]]: ...

stdlib/@python2/mailcap.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import Mapping, Sequence, Union
+from typing import Mapping, Sequence
 
-_Cap = dict[str, Union[str, int]]
+_Cap = dict[str, str | int]
 
 def findmatch(
     caps: Mapping[str, list[_Cap]], MIMEtype: str, key: str = ..., filename: str = ..., plist: Sequence[str] = ...

stdlib/@python2/nntplib.pyi

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ import socket
 import ssl
 from _typeshed import Self
 from builtins import list as List  # alias to avoid a name clash with a method named `list` in `_NNTPBase`
-from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, NamedTuple, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, NamedTuple
 
-_File = Union[IO[bytes], bytes, str, None]
+_File = IO[bytes] | bytes | str | None
 
 class NNTPError(Exception):
     response: str

stdlib/@python2/optparse.pyi

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, AnyStr, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, AnyStr, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence, overload
 
 # See https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/python-ideas/gA1gdj3RZ5g
-_Text = Union[str, unicode]
+_Text = str | unicode
 
 NO_DEFAULT: tuple[_Text, ...]
 SUPPRESS_HELP: _Text

stdlib/@python2/plistlib.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, Mapping, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Mapping, Text
 
-_Path = Union[str, Text]
+_Path = str | Text
 
 def readPlist(pathOrFile: _Path | IO[bytes]) -> Any: ...
 def writePlist(value: Mapping[str, Any], pathOrFile: _Path | IO[bytes]) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/pstats.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
 from cProfile import Profile as _cProfile
 from profile import Profile
-from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, Text, TypeVar, Union, overload
+from typing import IO, Any, Iterable, Text, TypeVar, overload
 
-_Selector = Union[str, float, int]
+_Selector = str | float | int
 _T = TypeVar("_T", bound=Stats)
 
 class Stats:

stdlib/@python2/py_compile.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import Text, Union
+from typing import Text
 
-_EitherStr = Union[bytes, Text]
+_EitherStr = bytes | Text
 
 class PyCompileError(Exception):
     exc_type_name: str

stdlib/@python2/readline.pyi

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import sys
 from typing import Callable, Optional, Sequence, Text
 
 if sys.platform != "win32":
-    _CompleterT = Optional[Callable[[str, int], Optional[str]]]
-    _CompDispT = Optional[Callable[[str, Sequence[str], int], None]]
+    _CompleterT = Optional[Callable[[str, int], str | None]]
+    _CompDispT = Callable[[str, Sequence[str], int], None] | None
     def parse_and_bind(__string: str) -> None: ...
     def read_init_file(__filename: Text | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def get_line_buffer() -> str: ...

stdlib/@python2/rlcompleter.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
-_Text = Union[str, unicode]
+_Text = str | unicode
 
 class Completer:
     def __init__(self, namespace: dict[str, Any] | None = ...) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/sets.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from _typeshed import Self
-from typing import Any, Hashable, Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Hashable, Iterable, Iterator, MutableMapping, TypeVar
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
-_Setlike = Union[BaseSet[_T], Iterable[_T]]
+_Setlike = BaseSet[_T] | Iterable[_T]
 
 class BaseSet(Iterable[_T]):
     def __init__(self) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/shutil.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from _typeshed import SupportsRead, SupportsWrite
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Iterable, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Iterable, Sequence, Text, TypeVar
 
 _AnyStr = TypeVar("_AnyStr", str, unicode)
 _AnyPath = TypeVar("_AnyPath", str, unicode)
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def copytree(
 ) -> _PathReturn: ...
 def rmtree(path: _AnyPath, ignore_errors: bool = ..., onerror: Callable[[Any, _AnyPath, Any], Any] | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
-_CopyFn = Union[Callable[[str, str], None], Callable[[Text, Text], None]]
+_CopyFn = Callable[[str, str], None] | Callable[[Text, Text], None]
 
 def move(src: Text, dst: Text) -> _PathReturn: ...
 def make_archive(

stdlib/@python2/signal.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from types import FrameType
-from typing import Callable, Union
+from typing import Callable
 
 SIG_DFL: int
 SIG_IGN: int
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ CTRL_BREAK_EVENT: int
 
 class ItimerError(IOError): ...
 
-_HANDLER = Union[Callable[[int, FrameType], None], int, None]
+_HANDLER = Callable[[int, FrameType], None] | int | None
 
 def alarm(time: int) -> int: ...
 def getsignal(signalnum: int) -> _HANDLER: ...

stdlib/@python2/socket.pyi

@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ _Address = Union[tuple[Any, ...], str]
 _RetAddress = Any
 # TODO Most methods allow bytes as address objects
 
-_WriteBuffer = Union[bytearray, memoryview]
+_WriteBuffer = bytearray | memoryview
 
 _CMSG = tuple[int, int, bytes]
 

stdlib/@python2/sre_parse.pyi

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Any, Iterable, Match, Optional, Pattern as _Pattern, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Match, Optional, Pattern as _Pattern
 
 SPECIAL_CHARS: str
 REPEAT_CHARS: str
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ _OpSubpatternType = tuple[Optional[int], int, int, SubPattern]
 _OpGroupRefExistsType = tuple[int, SubPattern, SubPattern]
 _OpInType = list[tuple[str, int]]
 _OpBranchType = tuple[None, list[SubPattern]]
-_AvType = Union[_OpInType, _OpBranchType, Iterable[SubPattern], _OpGroupRefExistsType, _OpSubpatternType]
-_CodeType = Union[str, _AvType]
+_AvType = _OpInType | _OpBranchType | Iterable[SubPattern] | _OpGroupRefExistsType | _OpSubpatternType
+_CodeType = str | _AvType
 
 class SubPattern:
     pattern: str

stdlib/@python2/ssl.pyi

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 import socket
 import sys
 from _typeshed import Self, StrPath
-from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Iterable, NamedTuple, Optional, Text, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Iterable, NamedTuple, Text, Union, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 _PCTRTT = tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
 _PCTRTTT = tuple[_PCTRTT, ...]
-_PeerCertRetDictType = dict[str, Union[str, _PCTRTTT, _PCTRTT]]
-_PeerCertRetType = Union[_PeerCertRetDictType, bytes, None]
+_PeerCertRetDictType = dict[str, str | _PCTRTTT | _PCTRTT]
+_PeerCertRetType = _PeerCertRetDictType | bytes | None
 _EnumRetType = list[tuple[bytes, str, Union[set[str], bool]]]
-_PasswordType = Union[Callable[[], Union[str, bytes]], str, bytes]
+_PasswordType = Union[Callable[[], str | bytes], str, bytes]
 
 _SC1ArgT = SSLSocket
-_SrvnmeCbType = Callable[[_SC1ArgT, Optional[str], SSLSocket], Optional[int]]
+_SrvnmeCbType = Callable[[_SC1ArgT, str | None, SSLSocket], int | None]
 
 class SSLError(OSError):
     library: str

stdlib/@python2/struct.pyi

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 from array import array
 from mmap import mmap
-from typing import Any, Text, Union
+from typing import Any, Text
 
 class error(Exception): ...
 
-_FmtType = Union[bytes, Text]
-_BufferType = Union[array[int], bytes, bytearray, buffer, memoryview, mmap]
-_WriteBufferType = Union[array[Any], bytearray, buffer, memoryview, mmap]
+_FmtType = bytes | Text
+_BufferType = array[int] | bytes | bytearray | buffer | memoryview | mmap
+_WriteBufferType = array[Any] | bytearray | buffer | memoryview | mmap
 
 def pack(fmt: _FmtType, *v: Any) -> bytes: ...
 def pack_into(fmt: _FmtType, buffer: _WriteBufferType, offset: int, *v: Any) -> None: ...

stdlib/@python2/subprocess.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Generic, Mapping, Optional, Sequence, Text, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Generic, Mapping, Sequence, Text, TypeVar
 
-_FILE = Union[None, int, IO[Any]]
-_TXT = Union[bytes, Text]
-_CMD = Union[_TXT, Sequence[_TXT]]
-_ENV = Union[Mapping[bytes, _TXT], Mapping[Text, _TXT]]
+_FILE = None | int | IO[Any]
+_TXT = bytes | Text
+_CMD = _TXT | Sequence[_TXT]
+_ENV = Mapping[bytes, _TXT] | Mapping[Text, _TXT]
 
 # Same args as Popen.__init__
 def call(

stdlib/@python2/sunau.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, NoReturn, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, NoReturn, Text
 
-_File = Union[Text, IO[bytes]]
+_File = Text | IO[bytes]
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
 

stdlib/@python2/termios.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import sys
 from _typeshed import FileDescriptorLike
-from typing import Any, Union
+from typing import Any
 
 if sys.platform != "win32":
-    _Attr = list[Union[int, list[Union[bytes, int]]]]
+    _Attr = list[int | list[bytes | int]]
 
     # TODO constants not really documented
     B0: int

stdlib/@python2/threading.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from types import FrameType, TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Optional, Text, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Text, TypeVar
 
 # TODO recursive type
-_TF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], Optional[Callable[..., Any]]]
+_TF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], Callable[..., Any] | None]
 
 _PF = Callable[[FrameType, str, Any], None]
 

stdlib/@python2/timeit.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Sequence, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Sequence, Text
 
-_str = Union[str, Text]
+_str = str | Text
 _Timer = Callable[[], float]
-_stmt = Union[_str, Callable[[], Any]]
+_stmt = _str | Callable[[], Any]
 
 default_timer: _Timer
 

stdlib/@python2/tty.pyi

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
-from typing import IO, Union
+from typing import IO
 
-_FD = Union[int, IO[str]]
+_FD = int | IO[str]
 
 if sys.platform != "win32":
     # XXX: Undocumented integer constants

stdlib/@python2/turtle.pyi

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ _AnyColor = Any
 # TODO: Replace this with a TypedDict once it becomes standardized.
 _PenState = dict[str, Any]
 
-_Speed = Union[str, float]
+_Speed = str | float
 _PolygonCoords = Sequence[tuple[float, float]]
 
 # TODO: Type this more accurately

stdlib/@python2/unittest.pyi

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ _FT = TypeVar("_FT")
 _P = ParamSpec("_P")
 
 _ExceptionType = Union[type[BaseException], tuple[type[BaseException], ...]]
-_Regexp = Union[Text, Pattern[Text]]
+_Regexp = Text | Pattern[Text]
 
 _SysExcInfoType = Union[tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, types.TracebackType], tuple[None, None, None]]
 

stdlib/@python2/urllib2.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import ssl
 from httplib import HTTPConnectionProtocol, HTTPResponse
-from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Mapping, Sequence, Text, Union
+from typing import Any, AnyStr, Callable, Mapping, Sequence, Text
 from urllib import addinfourl
 
-_string = Union[str, unicode]
+_string = str | unicode
 
 class URLError(IOError):
     reason: str | BaseException

stdlib/@python2/urlparse.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import AnyStr, NamedTuple, Sequence, Union, overload
+from typing import AnyStr, NamedTuple, Sequence, overload
 
-_String = Union[str, unicode]
+_String = str | unicode
 
 uses_relative: list[str]
 uses_netloc: list[str]

stdlib/@python2/uu.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import BinaryIO, Text, Union
+from typing import BinaryIO, Text
 
-_File = Union[Text, BinaryIO]
+_File = Text | BinaryIO
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
 

stdlib/@python2/wave.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, NoReturn, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, BinaryIO, NoReturn, Text
 
-_File = Union[Text, IO[bytes]]
+_File = Text | IO[bytes]
 
 class Error(Exception): ...
 

stdlib/@python2/xml/etree/ElementTree.pyi

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from typing import (
     Sequence,
     Text,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
     overload,
 )
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ _T = TypeVar("_T")
 # Type for parser inputs. Parser will accept any unicode/str/bytes and coerce,
 # and this is true in py2 and py3 (even fromstringlist() in python3 can be
 # called with a heterogeneous list)
-_parser_input_type = Union[bytes, Text]
+_parser_input_type = bytes | Text
 
 # Type for individual tag/attr/ns/text values in args to most functions.
 # In py2, the library accepts str or unicode everywhere and coerces
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ _parser_input_type = Union[bytes, Text]
 # so we exclude it. (why? the parser never produces bytes when it parses XML,
 # so e.g., element.get(b'name') will always return None for parsed XML, even if
 # there is a 'name' attribute.)
-_str_argument_type = Union[str, Text]
+_str_argument_type = str | Text
 
 # Type for return values from individual tag/attr/text values
 # in python2, if the tag/attribute/text wasn't decode-able as ascii, it
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ _str_argument_type = Union[str, Text]
 # _fixtext function in the source). Client code knows best:
 _str_result_type = Any
 
-_file_or_filename = Union[Text, FileDescriptor, IO[Any]]
+_file_or_filename = Text | FileDescriptor | IO[Any]
 
 class Element(MutableSequence[Element]):
     tag: _str_result_type

stdlib/@python2/xmlrpclib.pyi

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from typing import IO, Any, AnyStr, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping,
 _Unmarshaller = Any
 _timeTuple = tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]
 # Represents types that can be compared against a DateTime object
-_dateTimeComp = Union[unicode, DateTime, datetime]
+_dateTimeComp = unicode | DateTime | datetime
 # A "host description" used by Transport factories
 _hostDesc = Union[str, tuple[str, Mapping[Any, Any]]]
 

stdlib/@python2/zipfile.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import io
 from _typeshed import Self, StrPath
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Iterable, Pattern, Protocol, Sequence, Text, Union
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Iterable, Pattern, Protocol, Sequence, Text
 
-_SZI = Union[Text, ZipInfo]
+_SZI = Text | ZipInfo
 _DT = tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int]
 
 class BadZipfile(Exception): ...