[inspect] Deprecate getcallargs function (#15258)

Docs: https://docs.python.org/dev/library/inspect.html#inspect.getcallargs

stdlib/inspect.pyi

@@ -547,6 +547,7 @@ def formatargvalues(
     formatvalue: Callable[[Any], str] | None = ...,
 ) -> str: ...
 def getmro(cls: type) -> tuple[type, ...]: ...
+@deprecated("Deprecated since Python 3.5. Use `Signature.bind` and `Signature.bind_partial` instead.")
 def getcallargs(func: Callable[_P, Any], /, *args: _P.args, **kwds: _P.kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]: ...
 
 class ClosureVars(NamedTuple):