diff --git a/stdlib/ast.pyi b/stdlib/ast.pyi
index 4ab325b5b..39e255975 100644
--- a/stdlib/ast.pyi
+++ b/stdlib/ast.pyi
@@ -181,75 +181,155 @@ class NodeTransformer(NodeVisitor):
 
 _T = _TypeVar("_T", bound=AST)
 
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
-    mode: Literal["exec"] = "exec",
-    *,
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> Module: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
-    mode: Literal["eval"],
-    *,
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> Expression: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
-    mode: Literal["func_type"],
-    *,
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> FunctionType: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
-    mode: Literal["single"],
-    *,
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> Interactive: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    *,
-    mode: Literal["eval"],
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> Expression: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    *,
-    mode: Literal["func_type"],
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> FunctionType: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    *,
-    mode: Literal["single"],
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> Interactive: ...
-@overload
-def parse(
-    source: str | ReadableBuffer,
-    filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
-    mode: str = "exec",
-    *,
-    type_comments: bool = False,
-    feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
-) -> AST: ...
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
+        mode: Literal["exec"] = "exec",
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> Module: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["eval"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> Expression: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["func_type"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> FunctionType: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["single"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> Interactive: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["eval"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> Expression: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["func_type"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> FunctionType: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["single"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> Interactive: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
+        mode: str = "exec",
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+        optimize: Literal[-1, 0, 1, 2] = -1,
+    ) -> AST: ...
+
+else:
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
+        mode: Literal["exec"] = "exec",
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> Module: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["eval"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> Expression: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["func_type"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> FunctionType: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any],
+        mode: Literal["single"],
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> Interactive: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["eval"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> Expression: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["func_type"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> FunctionType: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        *,
+        mode: Literal["single"],
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> Interactive: ...
+    @overload
+    def parse(
+        source: str | ReadableBuffer,
+        filename: str | ReadableBuffer | os.PathLike[Any] = "<unknown>",
+        mode: str = "exec",
+        *,
+        type_comments: bool = False,
+        feature_version: None | int | tuple[int, int] = None,
+    ) -> AST: ...
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
     def unparse(ast_obj: AST) -> str: ...