Big diff: Use new "|" union syntax (#5872)

stdlib/tkinter/colorchooser.pyi

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 from tkinter.commondialog import Dialog
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Tuple
 
 class Chooser(Dialog):
     command: ClassVar[str]
 
-def askcolor(
-    color: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = ..., **options: Any
-) -> Union[Tuple[None, None], Tuple[Tuple[float, float, float], str]]: ...
+def askcolor(color: str | bytes | None = ..., **options: Any) -> Tuple[None, None] | Tuple[Tuple[float, float, float], str]: ...

stdlib/tkinter/commondialog.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Mapping, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Mapping
 
 class Dialog:
-    command: ClassVar[Optional[str]] = ...
-    master: Optional[Any] = ...
+    command: ClassVar[str | None] = ...
+    master: Any | None = ...
     options: Mapping[str, Any] = ...
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[Any] = ..., **options) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: Any | None = ..., **options) -> None: ...
     def show(self, **options) -> Any: ...

stdlib/tkinter/dialog.pyi

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from tkinter import Widget
-from typing import Any, Mapping, Optional
+from typing import Any, Mapping
 
 DIALOG_ICON: str
 
 class Dialog(Widget):
     widgetName: str = ...
     num: int = ...
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[Any] = ..., cnf: Mapping[str, Any] = ..., **kw) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: Any | None = ..., cnf: Mapping[str, Any] = ..., **kw) -> None: ...
     def destroy(self) -> None: ...

stdlib/tkinter/dnd.pyi

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 from tkinter import Event, Misc, Tk, Widget
-from typing import ClassVar, Optional, Protocol
+from typing import ClassVar, Protocol
 
 class _DndSource(Protocol):
-    def dnd_end(self, target: Optional[Widget], event: Optional[Event[Misc]]) -> None: ...
+    def dnd_end(self, target: Widget | None, event: Event[Misc] | None) -> None: ...
 
 class DndHandler:
-    root: ClassVar[Optional[Tk]]
+    root: ClassVar[Tk | None]
     def __init__(self, source: _DndSource, event: Event[Misc]) -> None: ...
-    def cancel(self, event: Optional[Event[Misc]] = ...) -> None: ...
-    def finish(self, event: Optional[Event[Misc]], commit: int = ...) -> None: ...
+    def cancel(self, event: Event[Misc] | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def finish(self, event: Event[Misc] | None, commit: int = ...) -> None: ...
     def on_motion(self, event: Event[Misc]) -> None: ...
     def on_release(self, event: Event[Misc]) -> None: ...
 
-def dnd_start(source, event) -> Optional[DndHandler]: ...
+def dnd_start(source, event) -> DndHandler | None: ...

stdlib/tkinter/filedialog.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from _typeshed import StrOrBytesPath
 from tkinter import Button, Entry, Frame, Listbox, Misc, Scrollbar, StringVar, Toplevel, _TkinterSequence, commondialog
-from typing import IO, Any, ClassVar, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import IO, Any, ClassVar, Dict, Iterable, Tuple
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 dialogstates: Dict[Any, Tuple[Any, Any]]
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ dialogstates: Dict[Any, Tuple[Any, Any]]
 class FileDialog:
     title: str = ...
     master: Any = ...
-    directory: Optional[Any] = ...
+    directory: Any | None = ...
     top: Toplevel = ...
     botframe: Frame = ...
     selection: Entry = ...
@@ -22,21 +22,21 @@ class FileDialog:
     filter_button: Button = ...
     cancel_button: Button = ...
     def __init__(
-        self, master, title: Optional[Any] = ...
+        self, master, title: Any | None = ...
     ) -> None: ...  # title is usually a str or None, but e.g. int doesn't raise en exception either
-    how: Optional[Any] = ...
-    def go(self, dir_or_file: Any = ..., pattern: str = ..., default: str = ..., key: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
-    def quit(self, how: Optional[Any] = ...) -> None: ...
+    how: Any | None = ...
+    def go(self, dir_or_file: Any = ..., pattern: str = ..., default: str = ..., key: Any | None = ...): ...
+    def quit(self, how: Any | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def dirs_double_event(self, event) -> None: ...
     def dirs_select_event(self, event) -> None: ...
     def files_double_event(self, event) -> None: ...
     def files_select_event(self, event) -> None: ...
     def ok_event(self, event) -> None: ...
     def ok_command(self) -> None: ...
-    def filter_command(self, event: Optional[Any] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def filter_command(self, event: Any | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def get_filter(self): ...
     def get_selection(self): ...
-    def cancel_command(self, event: Optional[Any] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def cancel_command(self, event: Any | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def set_filter(self, dir, pat) -> None: ...
     def set_selection(self, file) -> None: ...
 

stdlib/tkinter/font.pyi

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 import tkinter
-from typing import Any, Optional, Tuple, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, Tuple, Union, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
 
 NORMAL: Literal["normal"]
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ class Font:
         self,
         # In tkinter, 'root' refers to tkinter.Tk by convention, but the code
         # actually works with any tkinter widget so we use tkinter.Misc.
-        root: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
-        font: Optional[_FontDescription] = ...,
-        name: Optional[str] = ...,
+        root: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
+        font: _FontDescription | None = ...,
+        name: str | None = ...,
         exists: bool = ...,
         *,
         family: str = ...,
@@ -59,19 +59,19 @@ class Font:
     def cget(self, option: str) -> Any: ...
     __getitem__ = cget
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: Literal["family"], displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> str: ...
+    def actual(self, option: Literal["family"], displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> str: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: Literal["size"], displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> int: ...
+    def actual(self, option: Literal["size"], displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> int: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: Literal["weight"], displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> Literal["normal", "bold"]: ...
+    def actual(self, option: Literal["weight"], displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> Literal["normal", "bold"]: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: Literal["slant"], displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> Literal["roman", "italic"]: ...
+    def actual(self, option: Literal["slant"], displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> Literal["roman", "italic"]: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: Literal["underline", "overstrike"], displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> bool: ...
+    def actual(self, option: Literal["underline", "overstrike"], displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> bool: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, option: None, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> _FontDict: ...
+    def actual(self, option: None, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> _FontDict: ...
     @overload
-    def actual(self, *, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> _FontDict: ...
+    def actual(self, *, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> _FontDict: ...
     def config(
         self,
         *,
@@ -81,22 +81,22 @@ class Font:
         slant: Literal["roman", "italic"] = ...,
         underline: bool = ...,
         overstrike: bool = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[_FontDict]: ...
+    ) -> _FontDict | None: ...
     configure = config
     def copy(self) -> Font: ...
     @overload
-    def metrics(self, __option: Literal["ascent", "descent", "linespace"], *, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> int: ...
+    def metrics(self, __option: Literal["ascent", "descent", "linespace"], *, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> int: ...
     @overload
-    def metrics(self, __option: Literal["fixed"], *, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> bool: ...
+    def metrics(self, __option: Literal["fixed"], *, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> bool: ...
     @overload
-    def metrics(self, *, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> _MetricsDict: ...
-    def measure(self, text: str, displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> int: ...
+    def metrics(self, *, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> _MetricsDict: ...
+    def measure(self, text: str, displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> int: ...
 
-def families(root: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ..., displayof: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
-def names(root: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+def families(root: tkinter.Misc | None = ..., displayof: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+def names(root: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-    def nametofont(name: str, root: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...) -> Font: ...
+    def nametofont(name: str, root: tkinter.Misc | None = ...) -> Font: ...
 
 else:
     def nametofont(name: str) -> Font: ...

stdlib/tkinter/messagebox.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from tkinter.commondialog import Dialog
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Optional
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
 
 ERROR: str
 INFO: str
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ NO: str
 class Message(Dialog):
     command: ClassVar[str] = ...
 
-def showinfo(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
-def showwarning(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
-def showerror(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
-def askquestion(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
-def askokcancel(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...
-def askyesno(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...
-def askyesnocancel(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> Optional[bool]: ...
-def askretrycancel(title: Optional[str] = ..., message: Optional[str] = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...
+def showinfo(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
+def showwarning(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
+def showerror(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
+def askquestion(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> str: ...
+def askokcancel(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...
+def askyesno(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...
+def askyesnocancel(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> bool | None: ...
+def askretrycancel(title: str | None = ..., message: str | None = ..., **options: Any) -> bool: ...

stdlib/tkinter/scrolledtext.pyi

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from tkinter import Frame, Misc, Scrollbar, Text
-from typing import Any, Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 # The methods from Pack, Place, and Grid are dynamically added over the parent's impls
 class ScrolledText(Text):
     frame: Frame
     vbar: Scrollbar
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[Misc] = ..., **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: Misc | None = ..., **kwargs: Any) -> None: ...

stdlib/tkinter/simpledialog.pyi

@@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
 from tkinter import Event, Misc, Toplevel
-from typing import Any, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, List
 
 class Dialog(Toplevel):
-    def __init__(self, parent: Optional[Misc], title: Optional[str] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, parent: Misc | None, title: str | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def body(self, master) -> None: ...
     def buttonbox(self): ...
 
 class SimpleDialog:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[Misc],
+        master: Misc | None,
         text: str = ...,
         buttons: List[str] = ...,
-        default: Optional[int] = ...,
-        cancel: Optional[int] = ...,
-        title: Optional[str] = ...,
-        class_: Optional[str] = ...,
+        default: int | None = ...,
+        cancel: int | None = ...,
+        title: str | None = ...,
+        class_: str | None = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
-    def go(self) -> Optional[int]: ...
+    def go(self) -> int | None: ...
     def return_event(self, event: Event[Misc]) -> None: ...
     def wm_delete_window(self) -> None: ...
     def done(self, num: int) -> None: ...
 
-def askfloat(title: Optional[str], prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> float: ...
-def askinteger(title: Optional[str], prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int: ...
-def askstring(title: Optional[str], prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str: ...
+def askfloat(title: str | None, prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> float: ...
+def askinteger(title: str | None, prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int: ...
+def askstring(title: str | None, prompt: str, **kwargs: Any) -> str: ...

stdlib/tkinter/tix.pyi

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import tkinter
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
 from typing_extensions import Literal
 
 WINDOW: Literal["window"]
@@ -37,22 +37,22 @@ TCL_ALL_EVENTS: Literal[0]
 class tixCommand:
     def tix_addbitmapdir(self, directory: str) -> None: ...
     def tix_cget(self, option: str) -> Any: ...
-    def tix_configure(self, cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any: ...
-    def tix_filedialog(self, dlgclass: Optional[str] = ...) -> str: ...
+    def tix_configure(self, cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any: ...
+    def tix_filedialog(self, dlgclass: str | None = ...) -> str: ...
     def tix_getbitmap(self, name: str) -> str: ...
     def tix_getimage(self, name: str) -> str: ...
     def tix_option_get(self, name: str) -> Any: ...
-    def tix_resetoptions(self, newScheme: str, newFontSet: str, newScmPrio: Optional[str] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def tix_resetoptions(self, newScheme: str, newFontSet: str, newScmPrio: str | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class Tk(tkinter.Tk, tixCommand):
-    def __init__(self, screenName: Optional[str] = ..., baseName: Optional[str] = ..., className: str = ...): ...
+    def __init__(self, screenName: str | None = ..., baseName: str | None = ..., className: str = ...): ...
 
 class TixWidget(tkinter.Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
-        widgetName: Optional[str] = ...,
-        static_options: Optional[List[str]] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
+        widgetName: str | None = ...,
+        static_options: List[str] | None = ...,
         cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ...,
         kw: Dict[str, Any] = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ class TixWidget(tkinter.Widget):
     def subwidget(self, name: str) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
     def subwidgets_all(self) -> List[tkinter.Widget]: ...
     def config_all(self, option: Any, value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def image_create(
-        self, imgtype: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., **kw: Any
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def image_create(self, imgtype: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def image_delete(self, imgname: str) -> None: ...
 
 class TixSubWidget(TixWidget):
@@ -72,48 +70,46 @@ class TixSubWidget(TixWidget):
     ) -> None: ...
 
 class DisplayStyle:
-    def __init__(
-        self, itemtype: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., *, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., **kw: Any
-    ) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, itemtype: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., *, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any: ...
     def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
     def delete(self) -> None: ...
     def config(self, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any: ...
 
 class Balloon(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def bind_widget(self, widget: tkinter.Widget, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def unbind_widget(self, widget: tkinter.Widget) -> None: ...
 
 class ButtonBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
     def invoke(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
 class ComboBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add_history(self, str: str) -> None: ...
     def append_history(self, str: str) -> None: ...
     def insert(self, index: int, str: str) -> None: ...
     def pick(self, index: int) -> None: ...
 
 class Control(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def decrement(self) -> None: ...
     def increment(self) -> None: ...
     def invoke(self) -> None: ...
 
 class LabelEntry(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 class LabelFrame(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 class Meter(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 class OptionMenu(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add_command(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add_separator(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def delete(self, name: str) -> None: ...
@@ -121,59 +117,59 @@ class OptionMenu(TixWidget):
     def enable(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
 class PopupMenu(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def bind_widget(self, widget: tkinter.Widget) -> None: ...
     def unbind_widget(self, widget: tkinter.Widget) -> None: ...
     def post_widget(self, widget: tkinter.Widget, x: int, y: int) -> None: ...
 
 class Select(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
     def invoke(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
 class StdButtonBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def invoke(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
 class DirList(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def chdir(self, dir: str) -> None: ...
 
 class DirTree(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def chdir(self, dir: str) -> None: ...
 
 class DirSelectDialog(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def popup(self) -> None: ...
     def popdown(self) -> None: ...
 
 class DirSelectBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 class ExFileSelectBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def filter(self) -> None: ...
     def invoke(self) -> None: ...
 
 class FileSelectBox(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def apply_filter(self) -> None: ...
     def invoke(self) -> None: ...
 
 class FileEntry(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def invoke(self) -> None: ...
     def file_dialog(self) -> None: ...
 
 class HList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
-    def add_child(self, parent: Optional[str] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
+    def add_child(self, parent: str | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
     def anchor_set(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
     def anchor_clear(self) -> None: ...
     # FIXME: Overload, certain combos return, others don't
-    def column_width(self, col: int = ..., width: Optional[int] = ..., chars: Optional[int] = ...) -> Optional[int]: ...
+    def column_width(self, col: int = ..., width: int | None = ..., chars: int | None = ...) -> int | None: ...
     def delete_all(self) -> None: ...
     def delete_entry(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
     def delete_offsprings(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
@@ -183,7 +179,7 @@ class HList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     def dropsite_set(self, index: int) -> None: ...
     def dropsite_clear(self) -> None: ...
     def header_create(self, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
-    def header_configure(self, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+    def header_configure(self, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any | None: ...
     def header_cget(self, col: int, opt: Any) -> Any: ...
     def header_exists(self, col: int) -> bool: ...
     def header_exist(self, col: int) -> bool: ...
@@ -191,14 +187,14 @@ class HList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     def header_size(self, col: int) -> int: ...
     def hide_entry(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
     def indicator_create(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
-    def indicator_configure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+    def indicator_configure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any | None: ...
     def indicator_cget(self, entry: str, opt: Any) -> Any: ...
     def indicator_exists(self, entry: str) -> bool: ...
     def indicator_delete(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
     def indicator_size(self, entry: str) -> int: ...
     def info_anchor(self) -> str: ...
     def info_bbox(self, entry: str) -> Tuple[int, int, int, int]: ...
-    def info_children(self, entry: Optional[str] = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+    def info_children(self, entry: str | None = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
     def info_data(self, entry: str) -> Any: ...
     def info_dragsite(self) -> str: ...
     def info_dropsite(self) -> str: ...
@@ -209,21 +205,21 @@ class HList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     def info_prev(self, entry: str) -> str: ...
     def info_selection(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
     def item_cget(self, entry: str, col: int, opt: Any) -> Any: ...
-    def item_configure(self, entry: str, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+    def item_configure(self, entry: str, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any | None: ...
     def item_create(self, entry: str, col: int, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def item_exists(self, entry: str, col: int) -> bool: ...
     def item_delete(self, entry: str, col: int) -> None: ...
     def entrycget(self, entry: str, opt: Any) -> Any: ...
-    def entryconfigure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+    def entryconfigure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any | None: ...
     def nearest(self, y: int) -> str: ...
     def see(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
     def selection_clear(self, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def selection_includes(self, entry: str) -> bool: ...
-    def selection_set(self, first: str, last: Optional[str] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def selection_set(self, first: str, last: str | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def show_entry(self, entry: str) -> None: ...
 
 class CheckList(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def autosetmode(self) -> None: ...
     def close(self, entrypath: str) -> None: ...
     def getmode(self, entrypath: str) -> str: ...
@@ -233,7 +229,7 @@ class CheckList(TixWidget):
     def setstatus(self, entrypath: str, mode: str = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class Tree(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def autosetmode(self) -> None: ...
     def close(self, entrypath: str) -> None: ...
     def getmode(self, entrypath: str) -> str: ...
@@ -241,12 +237,12 @@ class Tree(TixWidget):
     def setmode(self, entrypath: str, mode: str = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class TList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def active_set(self, index: int) -> None: ...
     def active_clear(self) -> None: ...
     def anchor_set(self, index: int) -> None: ...
     def anchor_clear(self) -> None: ...
-    def delete(self, from_: int, to: Optional[int] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def delete(self, from_: int, to: int | None = ...) -> None: ...
     def dragsite_set(self, index: int) -> None: ...
     def dragsite_clear(self) -> None: ...
     def dropsite_set(self, index: int) -> None: ...
@@ -264,26 +260,26 @@ class TList(TixWidget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     def see(self, index: int) -> None: ...
     def selection_clear(self, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def selection_includes(self, index: int) -> bool: ...
-    def selection_set(self, first: int, last: Optional[int] = ...) -> None: ...
+    def selection_set(self, first: int, last: int | None = ...) -> None: ...
 
 class PanedWindow(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def delete(self, name: str) -> None: ...
     def forget(self, name: str) -> None: ...  # type: ignore
     def panecget(self, entry: str, opt: Any) -> Any: ...
-    def paneconfigure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Optional[Any]: ...
+    def paneconfigure(self, entry: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> Any | None: ...
     def panes(self) -> List[tkinter.Widget]: ...
 
 class ListNoteBook(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget], cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def page(self, name: str) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
     def pages(self) -> List[tkinter.Widget]: ...
     def raise_page(self, name: str) -> None: ...
 
 class NoteBook(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def add(self, name: str, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def delete(self, name: str) -> None: ...
     def page(self, name: str) -> tkinter.Widget: ...
@@ -292,7 +288,7 @@ class NoteBook(TixWidget):
     def raised(self) -> bool: ...
 
 class InputOnly(TixWidget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Widget] = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Widget | None = ..., cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
 
 class Form:
     def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None: ...
@@ -300,6 +296,6 @@ class Form:
     def form(self, cnf: Dict[str, Any] = ..., **kw: Any) -> None: ...
     def check(self) -> bool: ...
     def forget(self) -> None: ...
-    def grid(self, xsize: int = ..., ysize: int = ...) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]: ...
-    def info(self, option: Optional[str] = ...) -> Any: ...
+    def grid(self, xsize: int = ..., ysize: int = ...) -> Tuple[int, int] | None: ...
+    def info(self, option: str | None = ...) -> Any: ...
     def slaves(self) -> List[tkinter.Widget]: ...

stdlib/tkinter/ttk.pyi

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ import _tkinter
 import sys
 import tkinter
 from tkinter.font import _FontDescription
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Tuple, Union, overload
 from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
 
 def tclobjs_to_py(adict): ...
-def setup_master(master: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+def setup_master(master: Any | None = ...): ...
 
 # from ttk_widget (aka ttk::widget) manual page, differs from tkinter._Compound
 _TtkCompound = Literal["text", "image", tkinter._Compound]
@@ -14,29 +14,29 @@ _TtkCompound = Literal["text", "image", tkinter._Compound]
 class Style:
     master: Any
     tk: _tkinter.TkappType
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
-    def configure(self, style, query_opt: Optional[Any] = ..., **kw): ...
-    def map(self, style, query_opt: Optional[Any] = ..., **kw): ...
-    def lookup(self, style, option, state: Optional[Any] = ..., default: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
-    def layout(self, style, layoutspec: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def __init__(self, master: Any | None = ...): ...
+    def configure(self, style, query_opt: Any | None = ..., **kw): ...
+    def map(self, style, query_opt: Any | None = ..., **kw): ...
+    def lookup(self, style, option, state: Any | None = ..., default: Any | None = ...): ...
+    def layout(self, style, layoutspec: Any | None = ...): ...
     def element_create(self, elementname, etype, *args, **kw): ...
     def element_names(self): ...
     def element_options(self, elementname): ...
-    def theme_create(self, themename, parent: Optional[Any] = ..., settings: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def theme_create(self, themename, parent: Any | None = ..., settings: Any | None = ...): ...
     def theme_settings(self, themename, settings): ...
     def theme_names(self): ...
-    def theme_use(self, themename: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def theme_use(self, themename: Any | None = ...): ...
 
 class Widget(tkinter.Widget):
-    def __init__(self, master: Optional[tkinter.Misc], widgetname, kw: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def __init__(self, master: tkinter.Misc | None, widgetname, kw: Any | None = ...): ...
     def identify(self, x, y): ...
-    def instate(self, statespec, callback: Optional[Any] = ..., *args, **kw): ...
-    def state(self, statespec: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def instate(self, statespec, callback: Any | None = ..., *args, **kw): ...
+    def state(self, statespec: Any | None = ...): ...
 
 class Button(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
@@ -49,15 +49,15 @@ class Button(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
         compound: _TtkCompound = ...,
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ class Button(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class Button(Widget):
 class Checkbutton(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
@@ -95,19 +95,19 @@ class Checkbutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         # Seems like variable can be empty string, but actually setting it to
         # empty string segfaults before Tcl 8.6.9. Search for ttk::checkbutton
         # here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/8.6.9/tcltk-release-notes-8.6.9.txt/view
         variable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
         compound: _TtkCompound = ...,
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ class Checkbutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         variable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ class Checkbutton(Widget):
 class Entry(Widget, tkinter.Entry):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
-        widget: Optional[str] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
+        widget: str | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,  # undocumented
         class_: str = ...,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class Entry(Widget, tkinter.Entry):
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@ class Entry(Widget, tkinter.Entry):
         validatecommand: tkinter._EntryValidateCommand = ...,
         width: int = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     # config must be copy/pasted, otherwise ttk.Entry().config is mypy error (don't know why)
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def config(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class Entry(Widget, tkinter.Entry):
         validatecommand: tkinter._EntryValidateCommand = ...,
         width: int = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def config(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     def bbox(self, index): ...
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class Entry(Widget, tkinter.Entry):
 class Combobox(Entry):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,  # undocumented
         class_: str = ...,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
         invalidcommand: tkinter._EntryValidateCommand = ...,  # undocumented
         justify: Literal["left", "center", "right"] = ...,
         name: str = ...,
-        postcommand: Union[Callable[[], Any], str] = ...,
+        postcommand: Callable[[], Any] | str = ...,
         show: Any = ...,  # undocumented
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
         height: int = ...,
         invalidcommand: tkinter._EntryValidateCommand = ...,
         justify: Literal["left", "center", "right"] = ...,
-        postcommand: Union[Callable[[], Any], str] = ...,
+        postcommand: Callable[[], Any] | str = ...,
         show: Any = ...,
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
@@ -259,14 +259,14 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
         values: tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         width: int = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     # config must be copy/pasted, otherwise ttk.Combobox().config is mypy error (don't know why)
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def config(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
         height: int = ...,
         invalidcommand: tkinter._EntryValidateCommand = ...,
         justify: Literal["left", "center", "right"] = ...,
-        postcommand: Union[Callable[[], Any], str] = ...,
+        postcommand: Callable[[], Any] | str = ...,
         show: Any = ...,
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
@@ -287,16 +287,16 @@ class Combobox(Entry):
         values: tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         width: int = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def config(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
-    def current(self, newindex: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def current(self, newindex: Any | None = ...): ...
     def set(self, value): ...
 
 class Frame(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         border: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
         borderwidth: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class Frame(Widget):
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         border: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
         borderwidth: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class Frame(Widget):
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         width: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class Frame(Widget):
 class Label(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         anchor: tkinter._Anchor = ...,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
@@ -351,16 +351,16 @@ class Label(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
         wraplength: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         anchor: tkinter._Anchor = ...,
         background: tkinter._Color = ...,
@@ -377,12 +377,12 @@ class Label(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
         wraplength: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class Label(Widget):
 class Labelframe(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         border: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
         borderwidth: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,  # undocumented
@@ -404,14 +404,14 @@ class Labelframe(Widget):
         relief: tkinter._Relief = ...,  # undocumented
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         width: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         border: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
         borderwidth: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -423,10 +423,10 @@ class Labelframe(Widget):
         relief: tkinter._Relief = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         width: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ LabelFrame = Labelframe
 class Menubutton(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         compound: _TtkCompound = ...,
@@ -449,15 +449,15 @@ class Menubutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         compound: _TtkCompound = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -468,11 +468,11 @@ class Menubutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ class Menubutton(Widget):
 class Notebook(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ class Notebook(Widget):
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         height: int = ...,
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class Notebook(Widget):
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         width: int = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -512,15 +512,15 @@ class Notebook(Widget):
     def identify(self, x, y): ...
     def index(self, tab_id): ...
     def insert(self, pos, child, **kw): ...
-    def select(self, tab_id: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
-    def tab(self, tab_id, option: Optional[Any] = ..., **kw): ...
+    def select(self, tab_id: Any | None = ...): ...
+    def tab(self, tab_id, option: Any | None = ..., **kw): ...
     def tabs(self): ...
     def enable_traversal(self): ...
 
 class Panedwindow(Widget, tkinter.PanedWindow):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -535,41 +535,41 @@ class Panedwindow(Widget, tkinter.PanedWindow):
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         height: int = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         width: int = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     # config must be copy/pasted, otherwise ttk.Panedwindow().config is mypy error (don't know why)
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def config(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         height: int = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         width: int = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def config(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     forget: Any
     def insert(self, pos, child, **kw): ...
-    def pane(self, pane, option: Optional[Any] = ..., **kw): ...
-    def sashpos(self, index, newpos: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def pane(self, pane, option: Any | None = ..., **kw): ...
+    def sashpos(self, index, newpos: Any | None = ...): ...
 
 PanedWindow = Panedwindow
 
 class Progressbar(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -582,12 +582,12 @@ class Progressbar(Widget):
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         value: float = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar] = ...,
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         length: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -598,19 +598,19 @@ class Progressbar(Widget):
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         value: float = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
-    def start(self, interval: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
-    def step(self, amount: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def start(self, interval: Any | None = ...): ...
+    def step(self, amount: Any | None = ...): ...
     def stop(self): ...
 
 class Radiobutton(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
@@ -622,17 +622,17 @@ class Radiobutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         value: Any = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.Variable, Literal[""]] = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
+        variable: tkinter.Variable | Literal[""] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         command: tkinter._ButtonCommand = ...,
         compound: _TtkCompound = ...,
@@ -642,13 +642,13 @@ class Radiobutton(Widget):
         state: str = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-        text: Union[float, str] = ...,
+        text: float | str = ...,
         textvariable: tkinter.Variable = ...,
         underline: int = ...,
         value: Any = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.Variable, Literal[""]] = ...,
-        width: Union[int, Literal[""]] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        variable: tkinter.Variable | Literal[""] = ...,
+        width: int | Literal[""] = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -657,10 +657,10 @@ class Radiobutton(Widget):
 class Scale(Widget, tkinter.Scale):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
-        command: Union[str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+        command: str | Callable[[str], Any] = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         from_: float = ...,
         length: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -671,14 +671,14 @@ class Scale(Widget, tkinter.Scale):
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         to: float = ...,
         value: float = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar] = ...,
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
-        command: Union[str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+        command: str | Callable[[str], Any] = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         from_: float = ...,
         length: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -688,17 +688,17 @@ class Scale(Widget, tkinter.Scale):
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         to: float = ...,
         value: float = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     # config must be copy/pasted, otherwise ttk.Scale().config is mypy error (don't know why)
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def config(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
-        command: Union[str, Callable[[str], Any]] = ...,
+        command: str | Callable[[str], Any] = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         from_: float = ...,
         length: tkinter._ScreenUnits = ...,
@@ -708,19 +708,19 @@ class Scale(Widget, tkinter.Scale):
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         to: float = ...,
         value: float = ...,
-        variable: Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar] = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar = ...,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def config(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
-    def get(self, x: Optional[Any] = ..., y: Optional[Any] = ...): ...
+    def get(self, x: Any | None = ..., y: Any | None = ...): ...
 
 class Scrollbar(Widget, tkinter.Scrollbar):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
-        command: Union[Callable[..., Optional[Tuple[float, float]]], str] = ...,
+        command: Callable[..., Tuple[float, float] | None] | str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         name: str = ...,
         orient: Literal["horizontal", "vertical"] = ...,
@@ -730,35 +730,35 @@ class Scrollbar(Widget, tkinter.Scrollbar):
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
-        command: Union[Callable[..., Optional[Tuple[float, float]]], str] = ...,
+        command: Callable[..., Tuple[float, float] | None] | str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         orient: Literal["horizontal", "vertical"] = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     # config must be copy/pasted, otherwise ttk.Scrollbar().config is mypy error (don't know why)
     @overload  # type: ignore
     def config(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
-        command: Union[Callable[..., Optional[Tuple[float, float]]], str] = ...,
+        command: Callable[..., Tuple[float, float] | None] | str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         orient: Literal["horizontal", "vertical"] = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def config(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
 
 class Separator(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -770,13 +770,13 @@ class Separator(Widget):
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         orient: Literal["horizontal", "vertical"] = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ class Separator(Widget):
 class Sizegrip(Widget):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
@@ -795,12 +795,12 @@ class Sizegrip(Widget):
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -809,11 +809,11 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
     class Spinbox(Entry):
         def __init__(
             self,
-            master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+            master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
             *,
             background: tkinter._Color = ...,  # undocumented
             class_: str = ...,
-            command: Union[Callable[[], Any], str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+            command: Callable[[], Any] | str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
             cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
             exportselection: bool = ...,  # undocumented
             font: _FontDescription = ...,  # undocumented
@@ -840,10 +840,10 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
         @overload  # type: ignore
         def configure(
             self,
-            cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+            cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
             *,
             background: tkinter._Color = ...,
-            command: Union[Callable[[], Any], str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+            command: Callable[[], Any] | str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
             cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
             exportselection: bool = ...,
             font: _FontDescription = ...,
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 7):
             width: int = ...,
             wrap: bool = ...,
             xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-        ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+        ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
         @overload
         def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
         config = configure  # type: ignore
@@ -904,12 +904,12 @@ _TreeviewColumnId = Union[int, str]  # manual page: "COLUMN IDENTIFIERS"
 class Treeview(Widget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
         *,
         class_: str = ...,
-        columns: Union[str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+        columns: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
-        displaycolumns: Union[str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str], tkinter._TkinterSequence[int], Literal["#all"]] = ...,
+        displaycolumns: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] | tkinter._TkinterSequence[int] | Literal["#all"] = ...,
         height: int = ...,
         name: str = ...,
         padding: tkinter._Padding = ...,
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ class Treeview(Widget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
         #
         # 'tree headings' is same as ['tree', 'headings'], and I wouldn't be
         # surprised if someone was using it.
-        show: Union[Literal["tree", "headings", "tree headings"], tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+        show: Literal["tree", "headings", "tree headings"] | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
@@ -927,20 +927,20 @@ class Treeview(Widget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     @overload
     def configure(
         self,
-        cnf: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = ...,
+        cnf: Dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
         *,
-        columns: Union[str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+        columns: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         cursor: tkinter._Cursor = ...,
-        displaycolumns: Union[str, tkinter._TkinterSequence[str], tkinter._TkinterSequence[int], Literal["#all"]] = ...,
+        displaycolumns: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] | tkinter._TkinterSequence[int] | Literal["#all"] = ...,
         height: int = ...,
         padding: tkinter._Padding = ...,
         selectmode: Literal["extended", "browse", "none"] = ...,
-        show: Union[Literal["tree", "headings", "tree headings"], tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]] = ...,
+        show: Literal["tree", "headings", "tree headings"] | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str] = ...,
         style: str = ...,
         takefocus: tkinter._TakeFocusValue = ...,
         xscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
         yscrollcommand: tkinter._XYScrollCommand = ...,
-    ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]]]: ...
+    ) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]] | None: ...
     @overload
     def configure(self, cnf: str) -> Tuple[str, str, str, Any, Any]: ...
     config = configure
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ class Treeview(Widget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
         def selection(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
     else:
-        def selection(self, selop: Optional[Any] = ..., items: Optional[Any] = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+        def selection(self, selop: Any | None = ..., items: Any | None = ...) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
     def selection_set(self, items: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]) -> None: ...
     def selection_add(self, items: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]) -> None: ...
     def selection_remove(self, items: str | tkinter._TkinterSequence[str]) -> None: ...
@@ -1064,10 +1064,10 @@ class Treeview(Widget, tkinter.XView, tkinter.YView):
     # Also, it's 'callback' instead of 'func' here.
     @overload
     def tag_bind(
-        self, tagname: str, sequence: Optional[str] = ..., callback: Optional[Callable[[tkinter.Event[Treeview]], Any]] = ...
+        self, tagname: str, sequence: str | None = ..., callback: Callable[[tkinter.Event[Treeview]], Any] | None = ...
     ) -> str: ...
     @overload
-    def tag_bind(self, tagname: str, sequence: Optional[str], callback: str) -> None: ...
+    def tag_bind(self, tagname: str, sequence: str | None, callback: str) -> None: ...
     @overload
     def tag_bind(self, tagname: str, *, callback: str) -> None: ...
     @overload
@@ -1103,12 +1103,12 @@ class LabeledScale(Frame):
     # TODO: don't any-type **kw. That goes to Frame.__init__.
     def __init__(
         self,
-        master: Optional[tkinter.Misc] = ...,
-        variable: Optional[Union[tkinter.IntVar, tkinter.DoubleVar]] = ...,
+        master: tkinter.Misc | None = ...,
+        variable: tkinter.IntVar | tkinter.DoubleVar | None = ...,
         from_: float = ...,
         to: float = ...,
         *,
-        compound: Union[Literal["top"], Literal["bottom"]] = ...,
+        compound: Literal["top"] | Literal["bottom"] = ...,
         **kw: Any,
     ) -> None: ...
     # destroy is overrided, signature does not change
@@ -1119,13 +1119,13 @@ class OptionMenu(Menubutton):
         self,
         master,
         variable,
-        default: Optional[str] = ...,
+        default: str | None = ...,
         *values: str,
         # rest of these are keyword-only because *args syntax used above
         style: str = ...,
-        direction: Union[Literal["above"], Literal["below"], Literal["left"], Literal["right"], Literal["flush"]] = ...,
-        command: Optional[Callable[[tkinter.StringVar], Any]] = ...,
+        direction: Literal["above"] | Literal["below"] | Literal["left"] | Literal["right"] | Literal["flush"] = ...,
+        command: Callable[[tkinter.StringVar], Any] | None = ...,
     ) -> None: ...
     # configure, config, cget, destroy are inherited from Menubutton
     # destroy and __setitem__ are overrided, signature does not change
-    def set_menu(self, default: Optional[Any] = ..., *values): ...
+    def set_menu(self, default: Any | None = ..., *values): ...