Merge pull request #1797 from bradlarsen/master

Additionally adjust the jumplist with line numbers when opening a new file

.gitattributes

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 /CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md export-ignore
 /CONTRIBUTING.md export-ignore
 /Dockerfile export-ignore
+/ISSUE_TEMPLATE export-ignore
 /ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore
 /Makefile export-ignore
 /PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+## Guidelines
+
+Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.
+
+For help with contributing to ALE, see `:help ale-development` in Vim, or view
+the help file online [here](/doc/ale-development.txt).
+
+## Creating Issues
+
+Before creating any issues, please look through the current list of issues and
+pull requests, and ensure that the issue hasn't already been reported. If an
+issue has already been reported, but you have some new insight, please add
+a comment to the existing issue.
+
+Please read the FAQ in the README before creating any issues. A feature
+you desire may already exist and be documented, or the FAQ might explain
+how to solve a problem you have already.
+
+Please try and describe any issues reported with as much detail as you can
+provide about your Vim version, the linter you were trying to run, your
+operating system, or any other information you think might be helpful.
+
+Please describe your issue in clear, grammatically correct, and easy to
+understand English. You are more likely to see an issue resolved if others
+can understand you.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/report-a-bug.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+---
+name: Report a bug
+about: Report a bug with ALE.
+
+---
+
+<!--
+  This is the template for reporting ALE bugs. Make sure you try updating ALE
+  to a more recent version before reporting a bug. Look through existing bug
+  reports for similar issues before reporting a new one. Don't leave comments
+  about new bugs in the comment section for old issues.
+
+  Make sure to try disabling other plugins and trying to repeat your bug before
+  reporting it in ALE. Some times problems can arise when two plugins are used
+  together, but often your issues might be problems with other plugins.
+-->
+
+## Information
+
+**VIM version**
+
+<!-- Paste just the first two lines of :version here. -->
+
+Operating System: <!-- Describe your operating system version. -->
+
+### :ALEInfo
+
+<!-- Paste the output of :ALEInfo here. Try :ALEInfoToClipboard -->
+<!-- Make sure to run :ALEInfo from the buffer where the bug occurred. -->
+
+## What went wrong
+
+<!-- Describe what went wrong here. -->
+
+## Reproducing the bug
+
+<!-- Write a list of steps below. -->
+
+1. I did this.
+2. Then this happened.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-a-new-linter-or-fixer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Suggest a new linter or fixer
+about: Suggest a new tool ALE can officially integrate with.
+
+---
+
+<!--
+  Write "Add support for foobar" as the issue title, or similar.
+
+  Fill out the details below.
+-->
+
+**Name:** foobar
+**URL:** https://foo.bar.com
+
+<!--
+  Write a description of the tool, and add any other information you think might
+  be helpful. Consider creating a pull request to add support for the tool
+  yourself.
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-an-improvement.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+name: Suggest an improvement
+about: Suggest some way to improve ALE, or add a new feature.
+
+---
+
+<!-- There's no fixed format for feature requests. Just add your thoughts. -->

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<!--
+Before creating a pull request, do the following.
+
+* Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
+* Read the documentation that comes with ALE with `:help ale-development`.
+
+Have fun!
+-->

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/init.vim
-/doc/tags
-.*
 !.editorconfig
 *.obj
+.*
+/doc/tags
+/init.vim
+/test/ale-info-test-file
 tags

.travis.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 sudo: required
 services:
     - docker
-language: python
+language: generic
+env:
+    - OPTIONS=--vim-80-only
+    - OPTIONS=--vim-81-only
+    - OPTIONS=--neovim-only
+    - OPTIONS=--linters-only
 script: |
-    ./run-tests
+    ./run-tests -v $OPTIONS

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-# Contributing to ALE
-
-1. [Guidelines](#guidelines)
-2. [Creating Issues](#issues)
-3. [Creating Pull Requests](#pull-requests)
-    1. [Adding a New Linter](#adding-a-new-linter)
-    2. [Adding New Options](#adding-new-options)
-4. [Writing Documentation](#writing-documentation)
-    1. [Documenting New Linters](#documenting-new-linters)
-    2. [Editing the Online Documentation](#editing-online-documentation)
-    3. [Documenting Linter Options](#documenting-linter-options)
-5. [In Case of Busses](#in-case-of-busses)
-
-<a name="guidelines"></a>
-
-## 1. Guidelines
-
-Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.
-
-Don't forget to **write documentation** for whatever it is you are doing.
-See the ["Writing Documentation"](#writing-documentation) section.
-
-Remember to write Vader tests for most of the code you write. You can look at
-existing Vader tests in the `test` directory for examples.
-
-When writing code, follow the [Google Vimscript Style
-Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/vimscriptguide.xml), and run `vint
--s` on your files to check for most of what the guide mentions and more. If you
-install this plugin (ALE) and install [Vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint), it
-will check your code while you type.
-
-<a name="issues"></a>
-
-## 2. Creating Issues
-
-Before creating any issues, please look through the current list of issues and
-pull requests, and ensure that the issue hasn't already been reported. If an
-issue has already been reported, but you have some new insight, please add
-a comment to the existing issue.
-
-Please read the FAQ in the README before creating any issues. A feature
-you desire may already exist and be documented, or the FAQ might explain
-how to solve a problem you have already.
-
-Please try and describe any issues reported with as much detail as you can
-provide about your Vim version, the linter you were trying to run, your
-operating system, or any other information you think might be helpful.
-
-Please describe your issue in clear, grammatically correct, and easy to
-understand English. You are more likely to see an issue resolved if others
-can understand you.
-
-<a name="pull-requests"></a>
-
-## 3. Creating Pull Requests
-
-For code you write, make sure to credit yourself at the top of files you add,
-and probably those you modify. You can write some comments at the top of your
-VIM files.
-
-```vim
-" Author: John Smith <john.smith@gmail.com>
-" Description: This file adds support for awesomelinter for the best language ever.
-```
-
-If you want to credit multiple authors, you can comma separate them.
-
-```vim
-" Author: John Smith <john.smith@gmail.com>, Jane Doe <https://jane-doe.info>
-```
-
-<a name="adding-a-new-linter"></a>
-
-### 3.i. Adding a New Linter
-
-If you add a new linter, look for existing handlers first in the
-[handlers](autoload/ale/handlers) directory. One of the handlers there may
-already be able to handle your lines of output. If you find that your new
-linter replicates an existing error handler, consider pulling it up into the
-[handlers](autoload/ale/handlers) directory, and use the generic handler in
-both places.
-
-When you add a linter, make sure the language for the linter and the linter
-itself are present in the table in the [README.md](README.md) file and in the
-Vim [help file](doc/ale.txt). The programs and linters should be sorted
-alphabetically in the table and list.
-
-<a name="adding-new-options"></a>
-
-### 3.ii. Adding New Options
-
-If you add new options to the plugin, make sure to document those new options
-in the [README.md](README.md) file, and also in the [help file](doc/ale.txt).
-Follow the format of other options in each. Global options should appear in the
-README file, and in the relevant section in the help file. Options specific
-to a particular linter should appear in the section for that linter.
-
-Linter options for customizing general argument lists should be named
-`g:ale_<filetype>_<linter>_options`, so that all linters can have similar
-global variable names.
-
-Any options for linters should be set to some default value so it is always
-easy to see what the default is with `:echo g:ale...`.
-
-<a name="writing-documentation"></a>
-
-## 4. Writing Documentation
-
-If you are adding new linters, changing the API, adding new options, etc., you
-_must_ write some documentation describing it in the `doc/ale.txt` file.  New
-linters _must_ be added to the `README.md` file too, so other users can get a
-quick overview of the supported tools.
-
-<a name="documenting-new-linters"></a>
-
-### 4.i Documenting New Linters
-
-If you add a new linter to the project, edit the table in the `README.md` file,
-and edit the list of linters at the top of the `doc/ale.txt` file. The linters
-should be sorted vertically in lexicographic (alphabetical) order by the
-programming language name or filetype, and the tools for each language should
-be sorted in lexicographic order horizontally. Sorting in this manner is a fair
-manner of presenting all of the information in an easy to scan way, without
-giving some unfair preference to any particular tool or language.
-
-<a name="editing-online-documentation"></a>
-
-### 4.ii Editing the Online Documentation
-
-The "online documentation" file used for this project lives in `doc/ale.txt`.
-This is the file used for generating `:help` text inside Vim itself. There are
-some guidelines to follow for this file.
-
-1. Keep all text within a column size of 79 characters, inclusive.
-2. Open a section with 79 `=` or `-` characters, for headings and subheadings.
-3. Sections should have a _single_ blank line before or after.
-4. Between descriptions of variables/functions/commands, use _two_ blank lines.
-5. Up-indent the description of a variable/function/command by two spaces.
-6. Place tags at the ends of lines, with the final characters on column 79.
-   All of the tags should line up perfectly on the same column as you scan
-   down through the document.
-7. Keep the table of contents balanced so the longest tag link ends on column
-   79, and so all links line up perfectly on their first character, on the
-   left.
-
-<a name="documenting-linter-options"></a>
-
-### 4.iii Documenting Linter Options
-
-For documenting new linter options, please add a new sub-section under the
-"Linter Specific Options" section describing all of the global options added
-for each linter, and what the default values of the options are. All global
-options for linters should be set to some default value. This will allow users
-to look up the default value easily by typing `:echo g:ale_...`.
-
-<a name="in-case-of-busses"></a>
-
-## 5. In Case of Busses
-
-Should the principal author of the ALE project and all collaborators with the
-required access needed to properly administrate the project on GitHub or any
-other website either perish or disappear, whether by tragic traffic accident
-or government abduction, etc., action should be taken to ensure that the
-project continues. If no one is left to administer the project where it is
-hosted, please fork the project and nominate someone capable to administer it.
-Preferably, in such an event, a single fork of the project will replace the
-original, and life will go on, except the life of whoever vanished, because
-then they will probably be dead.
-
-Should w0rp suddenly disappear, then he was probably killed in a traffic
-accident, or the government finally decided to kill him and make it look like
-suicide. In the latter event, please subvert said government and restore
-order to the universe, and ensure peace for mankind.

Dockerfile

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 FROM tweekmonster/vim-testbed:latest
 
 RUN install_vim -tag v8.0.0027 -build \
-                -tag neovim:v0.1.7 -build
+                -tag v8.1.0204 -build \
+                -tag neovim:v0.2.0 -build \
+                -tag neovim:v0.3.0 -build
 
 ENV PACKAGES="\
     bash \
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ ENV PACKAGES="\
 RUN apk --update add $PACKAGES && \
     rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
 
-RUN pip install vim-vint==0.3.9
+RUN pip install vim-vint==0.3.15
 
 RUN git clone https://github.com/junegunn/vader.vim vader && \
     cd vader && git checkout c6243dd81c98350df4dec608fa972df98fa2a3af

ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-    This is a template for bug reports. If you want to request a new feature,
-    you can clear this entire form field and write a short description of what
-    you want.
--->
-
-## Information
-
-**VIM version**
-
-PASTE JUST THE FIRST TWO LINES OF `:version` HERE.
-
-Operating System: WHAT OS WERE YOU USING?
-
-### :ALEInfo
-
-PASTE OUTPUT OF `:ALEInfo` HERE. YOU CAN TRY `:ALEInfoToClipboard`.
-
-## What went wrong
-
-WRITE WHAT WENT WRONG HERE.
-
-## Reproducing the bug
-
-Steps for repeating the bug:
-
-1. Write a list of steps.
-2. Otherwise nobody will fix the bug.

PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-READ THIS: Before creating a pull request, please consider the following first.
-
-* The most important thing you can do is write tests. Code without tests
-  probably doesn't work, and will almost certainly stop working later on. Pull
-  requests without tests probably won't be accepted, although there are some
-  exceptions.
-* Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
-* If you are adding a new linter, remember to update the README.md file and
-  doc/ale.txt first.
-* If you add or modify a function for converting error lines into loclist items
-  that ALE can work with, please add Vader tests for them. Look at existing
-  tests in the test/handler directory, etc.
-* If you add or modify a function for computing a command line string for
-  running a command, please add Vader tests for that.
-* Generally try and cover anything with Vader tests, although some things just
-  can't be tested with Vader, or at least they can be hard to test. Consider
-  breaking up your code so that some parts can be tested, and generally open up
-  a discussion about it.
-* Have fun!
--->

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 ![ALE Logo by Mark Grealish - https://www.bhalash.com/](img/logo.jpg?raw=true)
 
 ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim
-and Vim 8 while you edit your text files.
+0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files, and acts as a Vim
+[Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/) client.
 
 ![linting example](img/example.gif?raw=true)
 
@@ -16,8 +17,22 @@ back to a filesystem.
 
 In other words, this plugin allows you to lint while you type.
 
-In addition to linting support, ALE offers some support for fixing code with
-formatting tools, and some Language Server Protocol and `tsserver` features.
+ALE offers support for fixing code with command line tools in a non-blocking
+manner with the `:ALEFix` feature, supporting tools in many languages, like
+`prettier`, `eslint`, `autopep8`, and more.
+
+ALE acts as a "language client" to support a variety of Language Server Protocol
+features, including:
+
+* Diagnostics (via Language Server Protocol linters)
+* Go To Definition (`:ALEGoToDefinition`)
+* Completion (`let g:ale_completion_enabled = 1`)
+* Finding references (`:ALEFindReferences`)
+* Hover information (`:ALEHover`)
+
+If you don't care about Language Server Protocol, ALE won't load any of the code
+for working with it unless needed. One of ALE's general missions is that you
+won't pay for the features that you don't use.
 
 ## Table of Contents
 
@@ -27,6 +42,8 @@ formatting tools, and some Language Server Protocol and `tsserver` features.
     2. [Fixing](#usage-fixing)
     3. [Completion](#usage-completion)
     4. [Go To Definition](#usage-go-to-definition)
+    5. [Find References](#usage-find-references)
+    6. [Hovering](#usage-hover)
 3. [Installation](#installation)
     1. [Installation with Vim package management](#standard-installation)
     2. [Installation with Pathogen](#installation-with-pathogen)
@@ -78,68 +95,73 @@ formatting.
 | API Blueprint | [drafter](https://github.com/apiaryio/drafter) |
 | AsciiDoc | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Awk | [gawk](https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/)|
-| Bash | shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
+| Bash | [language-server](https://github.com/mads-hartmann/bash-language-server), shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
 | Bourne Shell | shell [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
-| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
-| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
 | CUDA | [nvcc](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-compiler-driver-nvcc/index.html) |
 | C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) see:`help ale-cs-mcs` for details, [mcsc](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) !! see:`help ale-cs-mcsc` for details and configuration|
 | Chef | [foodcritic](http://www.foodcritic.io/) |
 | Clojure | [joker](https://github.com/candid82/joker) |
+| CloudFormation | [cfn-python-lint](https://github.com/awslabs/cfn-python-lint) |
 | CMake | [cmakelint](https://github.com/richq/cmake-lint) |
 | CoffeeScript | [coffee](http://coffeescript.org/), [coffeelint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/coffeelint) |
 | Crystal | [crystal](https://crystal-lang.org/) !! |
 | CSS | [csslint](http://csslint.net/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
+| Cucumber | [cucumber](https://cucumber.io/) |
 | Cython (pyrex filetype) | [cython](http://cython.org/) |
 | D | [dmd](https://dlang.org/dmd-linux.html) |
 | Dafny | [dafny](https://rise4fun.com/Dafny) !! |
-| Dart | [dartanalyzer](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/pkg/analyzer_cli) !!, [language_server](https://github.com/natebosch/dart_language_server) |
+| Dart | [dartanalyzer](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/pkg/analyzer_cli) !!, [language_server](https://github.com/natebosch/dart_language_server), [dartfmt](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/utils/dartfmt) |
 | Dockerfile | [hadolint](https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint) |
-| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dialyxir](https://github.com/jeremyjh/dialyxir), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma) !!|
+| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dialyxir](https://github.com/jeremyjh/dialyxir), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma), [mix](https://hexdocs.pm/mix/Mix.html) !!|
 | Elm | [elm-format](https://github.com/avh4/elm-format), [elm-make](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make) |
 | Erb | [erb](https://apidock.com/ruby/ERB), [erubi](https://github.com/jeremyevans/erubi), [erubis](https://github.com/kwatch/erubis) |
 | Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html), [SyntaxErl](https://github.com/ten0s/syntaxerl) |
 | Fish | fish [-n flag](https://linux.die.net/man/1/fish)
-| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [language_server](https://github.com/hansec/fortran-language-server) |
 | Fountain | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
 | FusionScript | [fusion-lint](https://github.com/RyanSquared/fusionscript) |
 | Git Commit Messages | [gitlint](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint) |
 | GLSL | [glslang](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang), [glslls](https://github.com/svenstaro/glsl-language-server) |
 | Go | [gofmt](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [goimports](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/) !!, [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [gotype](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype) !!, [gometalinter](https://github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter) !!, [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) !!, [gosimple](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/gosimple) !!, [staticcheck](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck) !! |
 | GraphQL | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [gqlint](https://github.com/happylinks/gqlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
+| Hack | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/tree/master/hphp/hack/hackfmt), [hhast](https://github.com/hhvm/hhast) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-hack`) |
 | Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint) |
 | Handlebars | [ember-template-lint](https://github.com/rwjblue/ember-template-lint) |
-| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt) |
+| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [cabal-ghc](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt), [hie](https://github.com/haskell/haskell-ide-engine) |
 | HTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Idris | [idris](http://www.idris-lang.org/) |
-| Java | [checkstyle](http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net), [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html), [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format) |
-| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [prettier-eslint](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-eslint), [prettier-standard](https://github.com/sheerun/prettier-standard), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
+| Java | [checkstyle](http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net), [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html), [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format), [PMD](https://pmd.github.io/) |
+| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [prettier-eslint](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-eslint-cli), [prettier-standard](https://github.com/sheerun/prettier-standard), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
 | JSON | [fixjson](https://github.com/rhysd/fixjson), [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/), [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !! see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
+| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !!, [languageserver](https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer) see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
 | LaTeX | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Less | [lessc](https://www.npmjs.com/package/less), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | LLVM | [llc](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llc.html) |
 | Lua | [luac](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/luac.html), [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
 | Mail | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
 | Make | [checkmake](https://github.com/mrtazz/checkmake) |
-| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint) !!, [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
+| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint), [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
+| Mercury | [mmc](http://mercurylang.org) !! |
+| NASM | [nasm](https://www.nasm.us/) !! |
 | Nim | [nim check](https://nim-lang.org/docs/nimc.html) !! |
 | nix | [nix-instantiate](http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-nix-instantiate) |
 | nroff | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good)|
 | Objective-C | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/) |
 | Objective-C++ | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/) |
 | OCaml | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-ocaml-merlin` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server) |
-| Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic) |
-| PHP | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/flow/tree/master/hack/hackfmt), [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
+| Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic), [perltidy](https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/Perl-Tidy/bin/perltidy) |
+| PHP | [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
 | PO | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [msgfmt](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/msgfmt-Invocation.html), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pod | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pony | [ponyc](https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc) |
 | proto | [protoc-gen-lint](https://github.com/ckaznocha/protoc-gen-lint) |
 | Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
-| Puppet | [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
-| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
-| QML | [qmllint](https://github.com/qt/qtdeclarative/tree/5.11/tools/qmllint) |
+| Puppet | [languageserver](https://github.com/lingua-pupuli/puppet-editor-services), [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
+| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pyre](https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
+| QML | [qmlfmt](https://github.com/jesperhh/qmlfmt), [qmllint](https://github.com/qt/qtdeclarative/tree/5.11/tools/qmllint) |
 | R | [lintr](https://github.com/jimhester/lintr) |
 | ReasonML | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-reasonml-ols` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server), [refmt](https://github.com/reasonml/reason-cli) |
 | reStructuredText | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [rstcheck](https://github.com/myint/rstcheck), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
@@ -149,7 +171,7 @@ formatting.
 | Rust |  cargo !! (see `:help ale-integration-rust` for configuration instructions), [rls](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rls), [rustc](https://www.rust-lang.org/), [rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustfmt) |
 | SASS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | SCSS | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [scss-lint](https://github.com/brigade/scss-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| Scala | [scalac](http://scala-lang.org), [scalastyle](http://www.scalastyle.org) |
+| Scala | [fsc](https://www.scala-lang.org/old/sites/default/files/linuxsoft_archives/docu/files/tools/fsc.html), [scalac](http://scala-lang.org), [scalafmt](https://scalameta.org/scalafmt/), [scalastyle](http://www.scalastyle.org) |
 | Slim | [slim-lint](https://github.com/sds/slim-lint) |
 | SML | [smlnj](http://www.smlnj.org/) |
 | Solidity | [solhint](https://github.com/protofire/solhint), [solium](https://github.com/duaraghav8/Solium) |
@@ -165,10 +187,11 @@ formatting.
 | Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
 | Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
 | Vim help^ | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
+| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [vls](https://github.com/vuejs/vetur/tree/master/server) |
 | XHTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | XML | [xmllint](http://xmlsoft.org/xmllint.html) |
 | YAML | [swaglint](https://github.com/byCedric/swaglint), [yamllint](https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/) |
+| YANG | [yang-lsp](https://github.com/theia-ide/yang-lsp) |
 
 <a name="usage"></a>
 
@@ -195,24 +218,42 @@ ale-linter-options` for options specified to particular linters.
 ### 2.ii Fixing
 
 ALE can fix files with the `ALEFix` command. Functions need to be configured
-for different filetypes with the `g:ale_fixers` variable. For example, the
-following code can be used to fix JavaScript code with ESLint:
+either in each buffer with a `b:ale_fixers`, or globally with `g:ale_fixers`.
+
+The recommended way to configure fixers is to define a List in an ftplugin file.
 
 ```vim
-" Put this in vimrc or a plugin file of your own.
-" After this is configured, :ALEFix will try and fix your JS code with ESLint.
+" In ~/.vim/ftplugin/javascript.vim, or somewhere similar.
+
+" Fix files with prettier, and then ESLint.
+let b:ale_fixers = ['prettier', 'eslint']
+" Equivalent to the above.
+let b:ale_fixers = {'javascript': ['prettier', 'eslint']}
+```
+
+You can also configure your fixers from vimrc using `g:ale_fixers`, before
+or after ALE has been loaded.
+
+```vim
+" In ~/.vim/vimrc, or somewhere similar.
 let g:ale_fixers = {
 \   'javascript': ['eslint'],
 \}
+```
 
-" Set this setting in vimrc if you want to fix files automatically on save.
-" This is off by default.
+If you want to automatically fix files when you save them, you need to turn
+a setting on in vimrc.
+
+```vim
+" Set this variable to 1 to fix files when you save them.
 let g:ale_fix_on_save = 1
 ```
 
-The `:ALEFixSuggest` command will suggest some supported tools for fixing code,
-but fixers can be also implemented with functions, including lambda functions
-too. See `:help ale-fix` for detailed information.
+The `:ALEFixSuggest` command will suggest some supported tools for fixing code.
+Both `g:ale_fixers` and `b:ale_fixers` can also accept functions, including
+lambda functions, as fixers, for fixing files with custom tools.
+
+See `:help ale-fix` for complete information on how to fix files with ALE.
 
 <a name="usage-completion"></a>
 
@@ -220,9 +261,7 @@ too. See `:help ale-fix` for detailed information.
 
 ALE offers some support for completion via hijacking of omnicompletion while you
 type. All of ALE's completion information must come from Language Server
-Protocol linters, or similar protocols. At the moment, completion is only
-supported for TypeScript code with `tsserver`, when `tsserver` is enabled. You
-can enable completion like so:
+Protocol linters, or from `tsserver` for TypeScript.
 
 ```vim
 " Enable completion where available.
@@ -236,10 +275,34 @@ See `:help ale-completion` for more information.
 ### 2.iv Go To Definition
 
 ALE supports jumping to the definition of words under your cursor with the
-`:ALEGoToDefinition` command using any enabled LSP linters and `tsserver`.
+`:ALEGoToDefinition` command using any enabled Language Server Protocol linters
+and `tsserver`.
 
 See `:help ale-go-to-definition` for more information.
 
+<a name="usage-find-references"></a>
+
+### 2.v Find References
+
+ALE supports finding references for words under your cursor with the
+`:ALEFindReferences` command using any enabled Language Server Protocol linters
+and `tsserver`.
+
+See `:help ale-find-references` for more information.
+
+<a name="usage-hover"></a>
+
+### 2.vi Hovering
+
+ALE supports "hover" information for printing brief information about symbols at
+the cursor taken from Language Server Protocol linters and `tsserver` with the
+`ALEHover` command.
+
+On vim/gvim with `balloon` support you can see the information in a tooltip
+that appears under the mouse when you mouseover a symbol.
+
+See `:help ale-hover` for more information.
+
 <a name="installation"></a>
 
 ## 3. Installation
@@ -348,12 +411,28 @@ on Freenode. Web chat is available [here](https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels
 
 ### 5.i. How do I disable particular linters?
 
-By default, all available tools for all supported languages will be run.
-If you want to only select a subset of the tools, simply create a
-`g:ale_linters` dictionary in your vimrc file mapping filetypes
-to lists of linters to run.
+By default, all available tools for all supported languages will be run. If you
+want to only select a subset of the tools, you can define `b:ale_linters` for a
+single buffer, or `g:ale_linters` globally.
+
+The recommended way to configure linters is to define a List in an ftplugin
+file.
 
 ```vim
+" In ~/.vim/ftplugin/javascript.vim, or somewhere similar.
+
+" Enable ESLint only for JavaScript.
+let b:ale_linters = ['eslint']
+
+" Equivalent to the above.
+let b:ale_linters = {'javascript': ['eslint']}
+```
+
+You can also declare which linters you want to run in your vimrc file, before or
+after ALE has been loaded.
+
+```vim
+" In ~/.vim/vimrc, or somewhere similar.
 let g:ale_linters = {
 \   'javascript': ['eslint'],
 \}
@@ -364,6 +443,14 @@ be run for those languages, just as when the dictionary is not defined.
 Running many linters should not typically obstruct editing in Vim,
 as they will all be executed in separate processes simultaneously.
 
+If you don't want ALE to run anything other than what you've explicitly asked
+for, you can set `g:ale_linters_explicit` to `1`.
+
+```vim
+" Only run linters named in ale_linters settings.
+let g:ale_linters_explicit = 1
+```
+
 This plugin will look for linters in the [`ale_linters`](ale_linters) directory.
 Each directory within corresponds to a particular filetype in Vim, and each file
 in each directory corresponds to the name of a particular linter.
@@ -482,6 +569,8 @@ There are 3 global options that allow customizing the echoed message.
 
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_format` where:
     * `%s` is the error message itself
+    * `%...code...%` is an optional error code, and most characters can be
+      written between the `%` characters.
     * `%linter%` is the linter name
     * `%severity` is the severity type
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_error_str` is the string used for error severity.
@@ -499,22 +588,28 @@ Will give you:
 
 ![Echoed message](img/echo.png)
 
+See `:help g:ale_echo_msg_format` for more information.
+
 <a name="faq-autocmd"></a>
 
 ### 5.viii. How can I execute some code when ALE starts or stops linting?
 
 ALE runs its own [autocmd](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/autocmd.html)
-events when a lint or fix cycle are started and stopped. These events can be
-used to call arbitrary functions before and after ALE stops linting.
+events when a lint or fix cycle are started and stopped. There is also an event
+that runs when a linter job has been successfully started. These events can be
+used to call arbitrary functions during these respective parts of the ALE's
+operation.
 
 ```vim
 augroup YourGroup
     autocmd!
-    autocmd User ALELintPre  call YourFunction()
-    autocmd User ALELintPost call YourFunction()
+    autocmd User ALELintPre    call YourFunction()
+    autocmd User ALELintPost   call YourFunction()
 
-    autocmd User ALEFixPre   call YourFunction()
-    autocmd User ALEFixPost  call YourFunction()
+    autocmd User ALEJobStarted call YourFunction()
+
+    autocmd User ALEFixPre     call YourFunction()
+    autocmd User ALEFixPost    call YourFunction()
 augroup END
 ```
 
@@ -605,9 +700,18 @@ augroup END
 ```
 
 Supposing the filetype has been set correctly, you can set the following
-options in your vimrc file:
+options in a jsx.vim ftplugin file.
 
 ```vim
+" In ~/.vim/ftplugin/jsx.vim, or somewhere similar.
+let b:ale_linters = ['stylelint', 'eslint']
+let b:ale_linter_aliases = ['css']
+```
+
+Or if you want, you can configure the linters from your vimrc file.
+
+```vim
+" In ~/.vim/vimrc, or somewhere similar.
 let g:ale_linters = {'jsx': ['stylelint', 'eslint']}
 let g:ale_linter_aliases = {'jsx': 'css'}
 ```
@@ -653,8 +757,9 @@ ALE cannot easily detect which compiler flags to use.
 
 Some tools and build configurations can generate
 [compile_commands.json](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html)
-files. The `cppcheck`, `clangcheck` and `clangtidy` linters can read these
-files for automatically determining the appropriate compiler flags to use.
+files. The `cppcheck`, `clangcheck`, `clangtidy` and `cquery` linters can read
+these files for automatically determining the appropriate compiler flags to
+use.
 
 For linting with compilers like `gcc` and `clang`, and with other tools, you
 will need to tell ALE which compiler flags to use yourself. You can use

after/plugin/ale.vim

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-" Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
-" Description: Follow-up checks for the plugin: warn about conflicting plugins.
-
-" A flag for ensuring that this is not run more than one time.
-if exists('g:loaded_ale_after')
-    finish
-endif
-
-" Set the flag so this file is not run more than one time.
-let g:loaded_ale_after = 1
-
-" Check if the flag is available and set to 0 to disable checking for and
-" emitting conflicting plugin warnings.
-if exists('g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings') && !g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings
-    finish
-endif
-
-" Conflicting Plugins Checks
-
-function! s:GetConflictingPluginWarning(plugin_name) abort
-    return 'ALE conflicts with ' . a:plugin_name
-    \   . '. Uninstall it, or disable this warning with '
-    \   . '`let g:ale_emit_conflict_warnings = 0` in your vimrc file, '
-    \   . '*before* plugins are loaded.'
-endfunction
-
-if exists('g:loaded_syntastic_plugin')
-    throw s:GetConflictingPluginWarning('Syntastic')
-endif
-
-if exists('g:loaded_neomake')
-    throw s:GetConflictingPluginWarning('Neomake')
-endif
-
-if exists('g:loaded_validator_plugin')
-    throw s:GetConflictingPluginWarning('Validator')
-endif

ale_linters/apiblueprint/drafter.vim

@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('apiblueprint', {
 \   'name': 'drafter',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'drafter',
-\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate %t',
+\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#apiblueprint#drafter#HandleErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/asciidoc/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('asciidoc', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/asciidoc/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('asciidoc')

ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim

@@ -4,15 +4,10 @@
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_options', '-Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \    . ' -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
-    \    . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('asm', {
 \    'name': 'gcc',
 \    'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\    'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('asm_gcc_executable'),
 \    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand',
 \    'callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/awk/gawk.vim

@@ -1,29 +1,21 @@
 " Author: kmarc <korondi.mark@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for using GNU awk with sripts.
 
-let g:ale_awk_gawk_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
-
-let g:ale_awk_gawk_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
+call ale#Set('awk_gawk_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " note the --source 'BEGIN ...' is to prevent
     " gawk from attempting to execute the body of the script
     " it is linting.
-    return ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . " --source 'BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }'"
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options')
-    \   . ' ' . '-f %t --lint /dev/null'
+    return '%e --source ' . ale#Escape('BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }')
+    \   .  ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options'))
+    \   . ' -f %t --lint /dev/null'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('awk', {
 \   'name': 'gawk',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('awk_gawk_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gawk#HandleGawkFormat',
 \   'output_stream': 'both'

ale_linters/c/clang.vim

@@ -4,26 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('c_clang_executable', 'clang')
 call ale#Set('c_clang_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:paths = ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)
+function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
+    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(l:paths)
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clang_executable'),
+\   'command_chain': [
+\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand'}
+\   ],
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/c/clangd.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+" Author: Andrey Melentyev <andrey.melentyev@protonmail.com>
+" Description: Clangd language server
+
+call ale#Set('c_clangd_executable', 'clangd')
+call ale#Set('c_clangd_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangd_options'))
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('c', {
+\   'name': 'clangd',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangd_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/c/clangtidy.vim

@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
     " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
     " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
         return l:build_dir
     endif
 
-    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -47,7 +43,7 @@ function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_options')
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangtidy_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
     "
@@ -23,8 +19,7 @@ function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     return l:cd_command
-    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -q --language=c '
+    \   . '%e -q --language=c '
     \   . l:compile_commands_option
     \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_options')
     \   . ' %t'
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cppcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/cquery.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+" Author: Ben Falconer <ben@falconers.me.uk>, jtalowell <jtalowell@protonmail.com>
+" Description: A language server for C
+
+call ale#Set('c_cquery_executable', 'cquery')
+call ale#Set('c_cquery_cache_directory', expand('~/.cache/cquery'))
+
+function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
+    return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cquery_cache_directory')}
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('c', {
+\   'name': 'cquery',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cquery_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
+\})

ale_linters/c/flawfinder.vim

@@ -6,18 +6,12 @@ call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
-function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-
    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-   \  . ' -CDQS'
-   \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options')
+   return '%e -CDQS'
+   \  . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options'))
    \  . l:minlevel
    \  . ' %t'
 endfunction
@@ -25,7 +19,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
+\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_flawfinder_executable'),
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/gcc.vim

@@ -4,26 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:paths = ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)
+function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
+    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(l:paths)
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_gcc_executable'),
+\   'command_chain': [
+\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand'}
+\   ],
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim

@@ -6,17 +6,10 @@
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_executable', 'foodcritic')
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_options', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . escape(l:options, '~') : '')
-    \   . ' %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(escape(l:options, '~')) . ' %s'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -41,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('chef', {
 \   'name': 'foodcritic',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('chef_foodcritic_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/clojure/joker.vim

@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('clojure', {
 \   'name': 'joker',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'joker',
-\   'command': 'joker --lint %t',
+\   'command': 'joker --working-dir %s --lint %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#clojure#joker#HandleJokerFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cloudformation/cfn_python_lint.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+" Author: Yasuhiro Kiyota <yasuhiroki.duck@gmail.com>
+" Description: Support cfn-python-lint for AWS Cloudformation template file
+
+function! ale_linters#cloudformation#cfn_python_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " Matches patterns line the following:
+    "
+    " sample.template.yaml:96:7:96:15:E3012:Property Resources/Sample/Properties/FromPort should be of type Integer
+    let l:pattern = '\v^(.*):(\d+):(\d+):(\d+):(\d+):([[:alnum:]]+):(.*)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        let l:code = l:match[6]
+
+        if ale#path#IsBufferPath(a:buffer, l:match[1])
+            call add(l:output, {
+            \   'lnum': l:match[2],
+            \   'col': l:match[3],
+            \   'end_lnum': l:match[4],
+            \   'end_col': l:match[5],
+            \   'code': l:code,
+            \   'type': l:code[:0] is# 'E' ? 'E' : 'W',
+            \   'text': l:match[7]
+            \})
+        endif
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('cloudformation', {
+\   'name': 'cloudformation',
+\   'executable': 'cfn-lint',
+\   'command': 'cfn-lint --template %t --format parseable',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#cloudformation#cfn_python_lint#Handle',
+\})

ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim

@@ -4,26 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_executable', 'clang++')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:paths = ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)
+function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
+    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(l:paths)
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clang_executable'),
+\   'command_chain': [
+\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand'},
+\   ],
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clangcheck.vim

@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_executable', 'clang-check')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:user_options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_options')
 
@@ -16,23 +12,22 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:build_dir = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_build_dir')
 
     if empty(l:build_dir)
-        let l:build_dir = ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+        let l:build_dir = ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
     endif
 
     " The extra arguments in the command are used to prevent .plist files from
     " being generated. These are only added if no build directory can be
     " detected.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -analyze %s'
+    return '%e -analyze %s'
     \   . (empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -extra-arg -Xclang -extra-arg -analyzer-output=text' : '')
-    \   . (!empty(l:user_options) ? ' ' . l:user_options : '')
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:user_options)
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
     " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
     " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -29,7 +25,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
         return l:build_dir
     endif
 
-    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_options')
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangtidy_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
     "
@@ -23,8 +19,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     return l:cd_command
-    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -q --language=c++ '
+    \   . '%e -q --language=c++ '
     \   . l:compile_commands_option
     \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_options')
     \   . ' %t'
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cppcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/cpplint.vim

@@ -4,22 +4,16 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_executable', 'cpplint')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_options', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cpplint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cpplint_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cpplint#HandleCppLintFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/cquery.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+" Author: Ben Falconer <ben@falconers.me.uk>
+" Description: A language server for C++
+
+call ale#Set('cpp_cquery_executable', 'cquery')
+call ale#Set('cpp_cquery_cache_directory', expand('~/.cache/cquery'))
+
+function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
+    return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cquery_cache_directory')}
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
+\   'name': 'cquery',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cquery_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
+\})

ale_linters/cpp/flawfinder.vim

@@ -4,18 +4,13 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_executable', 'flawfinder')
 call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
 function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-
    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-   \  . ' -CDQS'
+   return '%e -CDQS'
    \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_options')
    \  . l:minlevel
    \  . ' %t'
@@ -24,7 +19,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
+\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_flawfinder_executable'),
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim

@@ -4,26 +4,25 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:paths = ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)
+function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
+    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(l:paths)
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
-\   'name': 'g++',
+\   'name': 'gcc',
+\   'aliases': ['g++'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_gcc_executable'),
+\   'command_chain': [
+\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand'},
+\   ],
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 let g:ale_cs_mcs_options = get(g:, 'ale_cs_mcs_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options') . ' %t'
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options')
+
+    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse'
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort

ale_linters/cs/mcsc.vim

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ function! ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     " register temporary module target file with ale
-    let l:out = tempname()
-    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:out)
+    " register temporary module target file with ALE.
+    let l:out = ale#engine#CreateFile(a:buffer)
 
     " The code is compiled as a module and the output is redirected to a
     " temporary file.
     return ale#path#CdString(s:GetWorkingDirectory(a:buffer))
     \    . 'mcs -unsafe'
-    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options')
-    \    . ' ' . l:lib_option
-    \    . ' ' . l:r_option
+    \    . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options'))
+    \    . ale#Pad(l:lib_option)
+    \    . ale#Pad(l:r_option)
     \    . ' -out:' . l:out
     \    . ' -t:module'
     \    . ' -recurse:' . ale#Escape('*.cs')

ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim

@@ -2,23 +2,18 @@
 
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_options', '')
-call ale#Set('css_stylelint_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('css_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options')
+    return '%e ' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options'))
     \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('css_stylelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cucumber/cucumber.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+" Author: Eddie Lebow https://github.com/elebow
+" Description: Cucumber, a BDD test tool
+
+function! ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:features_dir = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, 'features')
+
+    if !empty(l:features_dir)
+        let l:features_arg = '-r ' . ale#Escape(l:features_dir)
+    else
+        let l:features_arg = ''
+    endif
+
+    return 'cucumber --dry-run --quiet --strict --format=json '
+    \   . l:features_arg . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    try
+        let l:json = ale#util#FuzzyJSONDecode(a:lines, {})[0]
+    catch
+        return []
+    endtry
+
+    let l:output = []
+    for l:element in get(l:json, 'elements', [])
+        for l:step in l:element['steps']
+            if l:step['result']['status'] is# 'undefined'
+                call add(l:output, {
+                \   'lnum': l:step['line'],
+                \   'code': 'E',
+                \   'text': 'Undefined step'
+                \})
+            endif
+        endfor
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('cucumber', {
+\   'name': 'cucumber',
+\   'executable': 'cucumber',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#Handle'
+\})

ale_linters/cuda/nvcc.vim

@@ -4,20 +4,15 @@
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_executable', 'nvcc')
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_options', '-std=c++11')
 
-function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Unused: use ale#util#nul_file
-    " let l:output_file = tempname() . '.ii'
+    " let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname() . '.ii'
     " call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -cuda '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer))
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options') . ' %s'
-    \   . ' -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
+    return '%e -cuda'
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)))
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options'))
+    \   . ' %s -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cuda', {
 \   'name': 'nvcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cuda_nvcc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/d/dmd.vim

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand(buffer, dub_output) abort
         endif
     endfor
 
-    return 'dmd '. join(l:import_list) . ' -o- -vcolumns -c %t'
+    return 'dmd '. join(l:import_list) . ' -o- -wi -vcolumns -c %t'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#d#dmd#Handle(buffer, lines) abort

ale_linters/dart/dartanalyzer.vim

@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@
 
 call ale#Set('dart_dartanalyzer_executable', 'dartanalyzer')
 
-function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_dartanalyzer_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.packages')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:path) ? ' --packages ' . ale#Escape(l:path) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
 endfunction
@@ -34,7 +29,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'dartanalyzer',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_dartanalyzer_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/dart/language_server.vim

@@ -3,14 +3,6 @@
 
 call ale#Set('dart_language_server_executable', 'dart_language_server')
 
-function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_language_server_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetLanguage(buffer) abort
-    return 'dart'
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
     " Note: pub only looks for pubspec.yaml, there's no point in adding
     " support for pubspec.yml
@@ -22,9 +14,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'language_server',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_language_server_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
-\   'language_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetLanguage',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
 \})
-

ale_linters/elixir/dialyxir.vim

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'dialyxir',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command': 'mix dialyzer',
+\   'command': 'mix help dialyzer && mix dialyzer',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#Handle',
 \})
 

ale_linters/elixir/mix.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+" Author: evnu - https://github.com/evnu
+" Author: colbydehart - https://github.com/colbydehart
+" Description: Mix compile checking for Elixir files
+
+function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " Matches patterns like the following:
+    "
+    " Error format
+    " ** (CompileError) apps/sim/lib/sim/server.ex:87: undefined function update_in/4
+    "
+    " TODO: Warning format
+    " warning: variable "foobar" does not exist and is being expanded to "foobar()", please use parentheses to remove the ambiguity or change the variable name
+
+    let l:pattern = '\v\(([^\)]+Error)\) ([^:]+):([^:]+): (.+)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        let l:type = 'E'
+        let l:text = l:match[4]
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
+        \   'lnum': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'col': 0,
+        \   'type': l:type,
+        \   'text': l:text,
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:mix_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'mix.exs')
+    if !empty(l:mix_file)
+      return fnamemodify(l:mix_file, ':p:h')
+    endif
+    return '.'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale_linters#elixir#mix#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+
+    let l:temp_dir = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
+
+    let l:mix_build_path = has('win32')
+    \   ? 'set MIX_BUILD_PATH=' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir) . ' &&'
+    \   : 'MIX_BUILD_PATH=' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir)
+
+    return ale#path#CdString(l:project_root)
+          \ . l:mix_build_path
+          \ . ' mix compile %s'
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
+\   'name': 'mix',
+\   'executable': 'mix',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\})

ale_linters/elm/make.vim

@@ -1,45 +1,20 @@
-" Author: buffalocoder - https://github.com/buffalocoder, soywod - https://github.com/soywod
+" Author: buffalocoder - https://github.com/buffalocoder, soywod - https://github.com/soywod, hecrj - https://github.com/hecrj
 " Description: Elm linting in Ale. Closely follows the Syntastic checker in https://github.com/ElmCast/elm-vim.
 
-call ale#Set('elm_make_executable', 'elm-make')
-call ale#Set('elm_make_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'elm_make', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/elm-make',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('elm_make_executable', 'elm')
+call ale#Set('elm_make_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:output = []
-    let l:is_windows = has('win32')
-    let l:temp_dir = l:is_windows ? $TMP : $TMPDIR
     let l:unparsed_lines = []
+
     for l:line in a:lines
-        if l:line[0] is# '['
-            let l:errors = json_decode(l:line)
-
-            for l:error in l:errors
-                " Check if file is from the temp directory.
-                " Filters out any errors not related to the buffer.
-                if l:is_windows
-                    let l:file_is_buffer = l:error.file[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is? l:temp_dir
-                else
-                    let l:file_is_buffer = l:error.file[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is# l:temp_dir
-                endif
-
-                if l:file_is_buffer
-                    call add(l:output, {
-                    \    'lnum': l:error.region.start.line,
-                    \    'col': l:error.region.start.column,
-                    \    'end_lnum': l:error.region.end.line,
-                    \    'end_col': l:error.region.end.column,
-                    \    'type': (l:error.type is? 'error') ? 'E' : 'W',
-                    \    'text': l:error.overview,
-                    \    'detail': l:error.overview . "\n\n" . l:error.details
-                    \})
-                endif
-            endfor
+        if l:line[0] is# '{'
+            " Elm 0.19
+            call ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm019Line(l:line, l:output)
+        elseif l:line[0] is# '['
+            " Elm 0.18
+            call ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm018Line(l:line, l:output)
         elseif l:line isnot# 'Successfully generated /dev/null'
             call add(l:unparsed_lines, l:line)
         endif
@@ -57,33 +32,141 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm019Line(line, output) abort
+    let l:report = json_decode(a:line)
+
+    if l:report.type is? 'error'
+        " General problem
+        let l:details = ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(l:report.message)
+
+        if empty(l:report.path)
+            let l:report.path = 'Elm'
+        endif
+
+        if ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(l:report.path)
+            call add(a:output, {
+            \    'lnum': 1,
+            \    'type': 'E',
+            \    'text': l:details,
+            \})
+        else
+            call add(a:output, {
+            \    'lnum': 1,
+            \    'type': 'E',
+            \    'text': l:report.path .' - '. l:details,
+            \    'detail': l:report.path ." ----------\n\n". l:details,
+            \})
+        endif
+    else
+        " Compilation errors
+        for l:error in l:report.errors
+            let l:file_is_buffer = ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(l:error.path)
+
+            for l:problem in l:error.problems
+                let l:details = ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(l:problem.message)
+
+                if l:file_is_buffer
+                    " Buffer module has problems
+                    call add(a:output, {
+                    \    'lnum': l:problem.region.start.line,
+                    \    'col': l:problem.region.start.column,
+                    \    'end_lnum': l:problem.region.end.line,
+                    \    'end_col': l:problem.region.end.column,
+                    \    'type': 'E',
+                    \    'text': l:details,
+                    \})
+                else
+                    " Imported module has problems
+                    let l:location = l:error.path .':'. l:problem.region.start.line
+                    call add(a:output, {
+                    \    'lnum': 1,
+                    \    'type': 'E',
+                    \    'text': l:location .' - '. l:details,
+                    \    'detail': l:location ." ----------\n\n". l:details,
+                    \})
+                endif
+            endfor
+        endfor
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm018Line(line, output) abort
+    let l:errors = json_decode(a:line)
+
+    for l:error in l:errors
+        let l:file_is_buffer = ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(l:error.file)
+
+        if l:file_is_buffer
+            " Current buffer has problems
+            call add(a:output, {
+            \    'lnum': l:error.region.start.line,
+            \    'col': l:error.region.start.column,
+            \    'end_lnum': l:error.region.end.line,
+            \    'end_col': l:error.region.end.column,
+            \    'type': (l:error.type is? 'error') ? 'E' : 'W',
+            \    'text': l:error.overview,
+            \    'detail': l:error.overview . "\n\n" . l:error.details
+            \})
+        elseif l:error.type is? 'error'
+            " Imported module has errors
+            let l:location = l:error.file .':'. l:error.region.start.line
+
+            call add(a:output, {
+            \    'lnum': 1,
+            \    'type': 'E',
+            \    'text': l:location .' - '. l:error.overview,
+            \    'detail': l:location ." ----------\n\n". l:error.overview . "\n\n" . l:error.details
+            \})
+        endif
+    endfor
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(path) abort
+    return ale#path#IsTempName(a:path)
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(message) abort
+    return join(map(copy(a:message), 'ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessageItem(v:val)'), '')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessageItem(item) abort
+    if type(a:item) is v:t_string
+        return a:item
+    else
+        return a:item.string
+    endif
+endfunction
+
 " Return the command to execute the linter in the projects directory.
 " If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:elm_package = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm-package.json')
-    let l:elm_exe = ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    if empty(l:elm_package)
+    let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm.json')
+
+    if empty(l:elm_json)
+        " Fallback to Elm 0.18
+        let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm-package.json')
+    endif
+
+    if empty(l:elm_json)
         let l:dir_set_cmd = ''
     else
-        let l:root_dir = fnamemodify(l:elm_package, ':p:h')
+        let l:root_dir = fnamemodify(l:elm_json, ':p:h')
         let l:dir_set_cmd = 'cd ' . ale#Escape(l:root_dir) . ' && '
     endif
 
-    " The elm-make compiler, at the time of this writing, uses '/dev/null' as
+    " The elm compiler, at the time of this writing, uses '/dev/null' as
     " a sort of flag to tell the compiler not to generate an output file,
-    " which is why this is hard coded here. It does not use NUL on Windows.
-    " Source: https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make/blob/master/src/Flags.hs
-    let l:elm_cmd = ale#Escape(l:elm_exe)
-    \   . ' --report=json'
-    \   . ' --output=/dev/null'
-
-    return l:dir_set_cmd . ' ' . l:elm_cmd . ' %t'
+    " which is why this is hard coded here.
+    " Source: https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-compiler/blob/19d5a769b30ec0b2fc4475985abb4cd94cd1d6c3/builder/src/Generate/Output.hs#L253
+    return l:dir_set_cmd . '%e make --report=json --output=/dev/null %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
-\    'name': 'make',
-\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable',
-\    'output_stream': 'both',
-\    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
-\    'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
+\   'name': 'make',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('elm_make', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/elm',
+\   ]),
+\   'output_stream': 'both',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
 \})

ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 let g:ale_erlang_erlc_options = get(g:, 'ale_erlang_erlc_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:output_file = tempname()
+    let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname()
     call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
 
     return 'erlc -o ' . ale#Escape(l:output_file)

ale_linters/erlang/syntaxerl.vim

@@ -3,24 +3,12 @@
 
 call ale#Set('erlang_syntaxerl_executable', 'syntaxerl')
 
-
-function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_syntaxerl_executable')
-endfunction
-
-
-function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck(buffer) abort
-    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . ' -h'
-endfunction
-
-
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:use_b_option = match(a:output, '\C\V-b, --base\>') > -1
 
-    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
+    return '%e' . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
 endfunction
 
-
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:pattern = '\v\C:(\d+):( warning:)? (.+)'
     let l:loclist = []
@@ -36,17 +24,11 @@ function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:loclist
 endfunction
 
-
-function! s:GetEscapedExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-endfunction
-
-
 call ale#linter#Define('erlang', {
 \   'name': 'syntaxerl',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('erlang_syntaxerl_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck'},
+\       {'callback': {-> '%e -h'}},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle',

ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim

@@ -2,18 +2,10 @@
 " Description: gcc for Fortran files
 
 " This option can be set to 0 to use -ffixed-form
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form = 1
-endif
-
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable = 'gcc'
-endif
-
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_use_free_form', 1)
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 " Set this option to change the GCC options for warnings for Fortran.
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_options')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_options = '-Wall'
-endif
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_options', '-Wall')
 
 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " We have to match a starting line and a later ending line together,
@@ -61,26 +53,20 @@ function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:layout_option = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
     \   ? '-ffree-form'
     \   : '-ffixed-form'
 
-    return ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . l:layout_option . ' '
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options') . ' '
-    \   . '-'
+    return '%e -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only ' . l:layout_option
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options'))
+    \   . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_gcc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/fortran/language_server.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+" Author: unpairedbracket ben.spiers22@gmail.com
+" Description: A language server for fortran
+
+call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_executable', 'fortls')
+call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+
+function! ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:fortls_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.fortls')
+
+    return !empty(l:fortls_file) ? fnamemodify(l:fortls_file, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
+\   'name': 'language_server',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_language_server_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/fuse/fusionlint.vim

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 " Author: RyanSquared <vandor2012@gmail.com>
 " Description: `fusion-lint` linter for FusionScript files
 
-let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
-
-let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
+call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options'))
     \   . ' --filename %s -i'
 endfunction
 
@@ -35,7 +27,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('fuse', {
 \   'name': 'fusionlint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fuse_fusionlint_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/gitcommit/gitlint.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 " Author: Nick Yamane <nick.diego@gmail.com>
 " Description: gitlint for git commit message files
 
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', 0)
-
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
     return ale#python#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint', ['gitlint'])
@@ -13,12 +11,9 @@ endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint_options')
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' lint'
-endfunction
 
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' lint'
+endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns line the following:
@@ -28,6 +23,10 @@ function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
         let l:code = l:match[2]
 
+        if l:code is# 'T2' && !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'warn_about_trailing_whitespace')
+            continue
+        endif
+
         let l:item = {
         \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
         \   'text': l:match[3],
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
-
 call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'name': 'gitlint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
@@ -49,4 +47,3 @@ call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/glsl/glslang.vim

@@ -4,19 +4,13 @@
 " TODO: Once https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang/pull/1047 is accepted,
 " we can use stdin.
 
-let g:ale_glsl_glslang_executable =
-\ get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
-
-let g:ale_glsl_glslang_options = get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
+call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options')
-    \   . ' ' . '-C %t'
+    return '%e'
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options'))
+    \   . ' -C %t'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -40,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslang',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslang_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/glsl/glslls.vim

@@ -4,22 +4,15 @@
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_executable', 'glslls')
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_logfile', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:logfile = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_logfile')
     let l:logfile_args = ''
+
     if l:logfile isnot# ''
         let l:logfile_args = ' --verbose -l ' . l:logfile
     endif
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
-endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetLanguage(buffer) abort
-    return 'glsl'
+    return '%e' . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
@@ -31,8 +24,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslls_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand',
-\   'language_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetLanguage',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot',
 \})

ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'go build',
+\   'name': 'gobuild',
+\   'aliases': ['go build'],
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoEnv', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},

ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim

@@ -5,12 +5,7 @@ call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_options', '')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_executable', 'gometalinter')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_lint_package', 0)
 
-function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:filename = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t')
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_options')
     let l:lint_package = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_lint_package')
@@ -19,12 +14,12 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " be calculated to absolute paths in the Handler
     if l:lint_package
         return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-        \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
+        \   . '%e'
         \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
     endif
 
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . '%e'
     \   . ' --include=' . ale#Escape(ale#util#EscapePCRE(l:filename))
     \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
 endfunction
@@ -55,7 +50,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gometalinter',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_gometalinter_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/go/gotype.vim

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 function! ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     if expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p') =~# '_test\.go$'
-        return
+        return ''
     endif
 
-
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer) . ' gotype .'
 endfunction
 

ale_linters/go/govet.vim

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ function! ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'go vet',
+\   'name': 'govet',
+\   'aliases': ['go vet'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand',

ale_linters/hack/hack.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
+" Description: Hack support via `hack lsp`
+
+call ale#Set('hack_hack_executable', 'hh_client')
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
+
+    return !empty(l:hhconfig) ? fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hack_executable')
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
+\   'name': 'hack',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable',
+\   'command': '%e lsp --from vim-ale',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/hack/hhast.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
+" Description: Hack support via `hhast lsp`
+
+call ale#Set('hack_hhast_executable', 'vendor/bin/hhast-lint')
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Find the hack root, then figure out if it's also an HHAST root.
+    " Don't try to use lint configurations from vendor/foo/bar/hhast-lint.json
+    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
+
+    if empty(l:hhconfig)
+      return ''
+    endif
+
+    let l:root = fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h')
+    let l:hhast_config = findfile('hhast-lint.json', l:root)
+
+    return !empty(l:hhast_config) ? l:root : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    let l:root = ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+    let l:relative = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hhast_executable')
+    let l:absolute = findfile(l:relative, l:root)
+
+    return !empty(l:absolute) ? l:absolute : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
+    return {'lintMode': 'open-files'}
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
+\   'name': 'hhast',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable',
+\   'command': '%e --mode lsp --from vim-ale',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions',
+\})

ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim

@@ -2,18 +2,7 @@
 " Description: Ember-template-lint for checking Handlebars files
 
 call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable', 'ember-template-lint')
-call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' --json %t'
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:output = []
@@ -42,7 +31,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('handlebars', {
 \   'name': 'ember-template-lint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e --json %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/cabal_ghc.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+" Author: Eric Wolf <ericwolf42@gmail.com>
+" Description: ghc for Haskell files called with cabal exec
+
+call ale#Set('haskell_cabal_ghc_options', '-fno-code -v0')
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'cabal exec -- ghc '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_cabal_ghc_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
+\   'name': 'cabal_ghc',
+\   'aliases': ['cabal-ghc'],
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'executable': 'cabal',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
+\})

ale_linters/haskell/ghc-mod.vim

@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@
 " Description: ghc-mod for Haskell files
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'ghc-mod',
+\   'name': 'ghc_mod',
+\   'aliases': ['ghc-mod'],
 \   'executable': 'ghc-mod',
 \   'command': 'ghc-mod --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-ghc-mod',
+\   'name': 'stack_ghc_mod',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc-mod'],
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack exec ghc-mod -- --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',

ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim

@@ -2,21 +2,16 @@
 " Description: hdevtools for Haskell files
 
 call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_executable', 'hdevtools')
-call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_options', '-g -Wall')
-
-function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_options', get(g:, 'hdevtools_options', '-g -Wall'))
 
 function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-        \ . ' check ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options')
-        \ . ' -p %s %t'
+    return '%e check' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options'))
+    \ . ' -p %s %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hdevtools',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hdevtools_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/hie.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+" Author: Luxed <devildead13@gmail.com>
+" Description: A language server for Haskell
+
+call ale#Set('haskell_hie_executable', 'hie')
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hie_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Search for the stack file first
+    let l:project_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'stack.yaml')
+
+    " If it's empty, search for the cabal file
+    if empty(l:project_file)
+        let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')
+        let l:paths = ''
+
+        while empty(matchstr(l:cabal_file, '^\(\/\|\(\w:\\\)\)$'))
+            let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(l:cabal_file, ':h')
+            let l:paths = l:paths . l:cabal_file . ','
+        endwhile
+
+        let l:project_file = globpath(l:paths, '*.cabal')
+    endif
+
+    " Either extract the project directory or take the current working
+    " directory
+    if !empty(l:project_file)
+        let l:project_file = fnamemodify(l:project_file, ':h')
+    else
+        let l:project_file = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
+    endif
+
+    return l:project_file
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
+\   'name': 'hie',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'command': '%e --lsp',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/haskell/stack_build.vim

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ function! ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-build',
+\   'name': 'stack_build',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-build'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand',

ale_linters/haskell/stack_ghc.vim

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 " Description: ghc for Haskell files, using Stack
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-ghc',
+\   'name': 'stack_ghc',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack ghc -- -fno-code -v0 %t',

ale_linters/help/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for vim Help files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('help', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/help/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for vim Help files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('help')

ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim

@@ -3,13 +3,7 @@
 
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_executable', 'htmlhint')
-call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_options')
@@ -25,14 +19,14 @@ function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
         let l:options = substitute(l:options, '--format=unix', '', '')
     endif
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --format=unix %t'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --format=unix %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'htmlhint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('html_htmlhint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})

ale_linters/html/tidy.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 " Author: KabbAmine <amine.kabb@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking HTML code with tidy.
 
-" CLI options
 let g:ale_html_tidy_executable = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_executable', 'tidy')
-" Look for the old _args variable first.
-let s:default_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_args', '-q -e -language en')
-let g:ale_html_tidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_options', s:default_options)
+let g:ale_html_tidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_options', '-q -e -language en')
 
 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Specify file encoding in options
@@ -40,10 +37,6 @@ function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \)
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns lines like the following:
     " line 7 column 5 - Warning: missing </title> before </head>
@@ -70,7 +63,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'tidy',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('html_tidy_executable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle',

ale_linters/html/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for nroff files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('html', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/html/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for html files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('html')

ale_linters/idris/idris.vim

@@ -4,16 +4,10 @@
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_executable', 'idris')
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_options', '--total --warnpartial --warnreach --warnipkg')
 
-function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --check %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --check %s'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -80,8 +74,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('idris', {
 \   'name': 'idris',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('idris_idris_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/java/javac.vim

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
 
 let s:classpath_sep = has('unix') ? ':' : ';'
 
-let g:ale_java_javac_options = get(g:, 'ale_java_javac_options', '')
-let g:ale_java_javac_classpath = get(g:, 'ale_java_javac_classpath', '')
+call ale#Set('java_javac_executable', 'javac')
+call ale#Set('java_javac_options', '')
+call ale#Set('java_javac_classpath', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths(buffer) abort
     let l:pom_path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'pom.xml')
@@ -76,11 +77,11 @@ function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort
     " Always run javac from the directory the file is in, so we can resolve
     " relative paths correctly.
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \ . 'javac -Xlint'
-    \ . ' ' . l:cp_option
-    \ . ' ' . l:sp_option
+    \ . '%e -Xlint'
+    \ . ale#Pad(l:cp_option)
+    \ . ale#Pad(l:sp_option)
     \ . ' -d ' . ale#Escape(l:class_file_directory)
-    \ . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options')
+    \ . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options'))
     \ . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('java', {
 \   'name': 'javac',
-\   'executable': 'javac',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('java_javac_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},

ale_linters/java/pmd.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+" Author: Johannes Wienke <languitar@semipol.de>
+" Description: PMD for Java files
+
+function! ale_linters#java#pmd#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:pattern = '"\(\d\+\)",".\+","\(.\+\)","\(\d\+\)","\(\d\+\)","\(.\+\)","\(.\+\)","\(.\+\)"$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'type': 'W',
+        \   'lnum': l:match[4] + 0,
+        \   'text': l:match[5],
+        \   'code': l:match[6] . ' - ' . l:match[7],
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#java#pmd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'pmd '
+    \ . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_pmd_options')
+    \ . ' -f csv'
+    \ . ' -d %t'
+endfunction
+
+if !exists('g:ale_java_pmd_options')
+    let g:ale_java_pmd_options = '-R category/java/bestpractices.xml'
+endif
+
+call ale#linter#Define('java', {
+\   'name': 'pmd',
+\   'executable': 'pmd',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#java#pmd#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#java#pmd#Handle',
+\})

ale_linters/javascript/flow.vim

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 call ale#Set('javascript_flow_executable', 'flow')
 call ale#Set('javascript_flow_use_home_config', 0)
-call ale#Set('javascript_flow_use_global', 0)
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_use_respect_pragma', 1)
 
 function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
     let l:flow_config = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')
@@ -47,8 +48,8 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#flow#GetCommand(buffer, version_lines) abort
 
     " If we can parse the version number, then only use --respect-pragma
     " if the version is >= 0.36.0, which added the argument.
-    let l:use_respect_pragma = empty(l:version)
-    \   || ale#semver#GTE(l:version, [0, 36])
+    let l:use_respect_pragma = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'javascript_flow_use_respect_pragma')
+    \   && (empty(l:version) || ale#semver#GTE(l:version, [0, 36]))
 
     return ale#Escape(l:executable)
     \   . ' check-contents'

ale_linters/javascript/flow_ls.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+" Author: t_t <jamestthompson3@gmail.com>
+" Description: Integrate ALE with flow-language-server.
+
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_executable', 'flow')
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_use_global',
+\    get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0)
+\)
+
+function! ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:flow_config = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')
+
+    if !empty(l:flow_config)
+        return fnamemodify(l:flow_config, ':h')
+    endif
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
+\   'name': 'flow-language-server',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_flow_ls', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/flow',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e lsp --from ale-lsp',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot',
+\   'language': 'javascript',
+\})

ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim

@@ -2,13 +2,7 @@
 " Description: jscs for JavaScript files
 
 call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_executable', 'jscs')
-call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jscs', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
@@ -18,8 +12,7 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   get(g:, 'ale_jscs_config_loc', '')
     \)
 
-    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    let l:command .= ' --reporter inline --no-colors'
+    let l:command = '%e --reporter inline --no-colors'
 
     if !empty(l:jscs_config)
         let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jscs_config)
@@ -60,8 +53,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jscs',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jscs', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim

@@ -2,13 +2,7 @@
 " Description: JSHint for Javascript files
 
 call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_executable', 'jshint')
-call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
@@ -18,8 +12,7 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   get(g:, 'ale_jshint_config_loc', '')
     \)
 
-    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    let l:command .= ' --reporter unix --extract auto'
+    let l:command = '%e --reporter unix --extract auto'
 
     if !empty(l:jshint_config)
         let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jshint_config)
@@ -32,7 +25,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jshint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jshint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})

ale_linters/javascript/standard.vim

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 " Description: standardjs for JavaScript files
 
 call ale#Set('javascript_standard_executable', 'standard')
-call ale#Set('javascript_standard_use_global', 0)
+call ale#Set('javascript_standard_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 call ale#Set('javascript_standard_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#javascript#standard#GetExecutable(buffer) abort

ale_linters/javascript/tsserver.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+" Author: Chaucerbao, w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
+" Description: tsserver integration for ALE
+
+call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_executable', 'tsserver')
+call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_config_path', '')
+call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+
+call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
+\   'name': 'tsserver',
+\   'lsp': 'tsserver',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_tsserver', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/tsserver',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': {-> ''},
+\   'language': '',
+\})

ale_linters/javascript/xo.vim

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 " Description: xo for JavaScript files
 
 call ale#Set('javascript_xo_executable', 'xo')
-call ale#Set('javascript_xo_use_global', 0)
+call ale#Set('javascript_xo_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 call ale#Set('javascript_xo_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#javascript#xo#GetExecutable(buffer) abort

ale_linters/kotlin/languageserver.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+" Author: MTDL9 <https://github.com/MTDL9>
+" Description: Support for the Kotlin language server https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer
+
+call ale#Set('kotlin_languageserver_executable', 'kotlin-language-server')
+
+function! ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:gradle_root = ale#gradle#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+
+    if !empty(l:gradle_root)
+        return l:gradle_root
+    endif
+
+    let l:maven_pom_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'pom.xml')
+
+    if !empty(l:maven_pom_file)
+        return fnamemodify(l:maven_pom_file, ':h')
+    endif
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('kotlin', {
+\   'name': 'languageserver',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('kotlin_languageserver_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': '%e',
+\   'language': 'kotlin',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/less/lessc.vim

@@ -3,23 +3,12 @@
 
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_executable', 'lessc')
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_options', '')
-call ale#Set('less_lessc_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_lessc', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('less_lessc_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    let l:dir = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
-    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options')
-
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . ' --no-color --lint'
-    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(l:dir)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    return '%e --no-color --lint'
+    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options'))
     \   . ' -'
 endfunction
 
@@ -49,7 +38,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'lessc',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_lessc', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#Handle',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',

ale_linters/less/stylelint.vim

@@ -2,26 +2,19 @@
 
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_options', '')
-call ale#Set('less_stylelint_use_global', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \])
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('less_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_stylelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/llvm/llc.vim

@@ -3,22 +3,11 @@
 
 call ale#Set('llvm_llc_executable', 'llc')
 
-function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'llvm_llc_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -filetype=null -o='
-    \   . ale#Escape(g:ale#util#nul_file)
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors(buffer, lines) abort
     " Handle '{path}: {file}:{line}:{col}: error: {message}' format
     let l:pattern = '\v^[a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+: [^:]+:(\d+):(\d+): (.+)$'
-    let l:matches = ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
 
-    return map(l:matches, "{
+    return map(ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern), "{
     \   'lnum': str2nr(v:val[1]),
     \   'col': str2nr(v:val[2]),
     \   'text': v:val[3],
@@ -28,8 +17,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('llvm', {
 \   'name': 'llc',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('llvm_llc_executable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand',
+\   'command_callback': {-> '%e -filetype=null -o=' . g:ale#util#nul_file},
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/lua/luac.vim

@@ -3,15 +3,6 @@
 
 call ale#Set('lua_luac_executable', 'luac')
 
-function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luac_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . ' -p - '
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns line the following:
     "
@@ -33,8 +24,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luac',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luac_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e -p -',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 " Author: Sol Bekic https://github.com/s-ol
 " Description: luacheck linter for lua files
 
-let g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
-
-let g:ale_lua_luacheck_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
+call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options'))
     \   . ' --formatter plain --codes --filename %s -'
 endfunction
 
@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luacheck',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luacheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/markdown/mdl.vim

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#markdown#mdl#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:executable = ale_linters#markdown#mdl#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    let l:exec_args = l:executable =~? 'bundle$'
+    \   ? ' exec mdl'
+    \   : ''
+
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'markdown_mdl_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . l:exec_args
     \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
 endfunction
 

ale_linters/markdown/remark_lint.vim

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
+scriptencoding utf-8
 " Author rhysd https://rhysd.github.io/, Dirk Roorda (dirkroorda), Adrián González Rus (@adrigzr)
 " Description: remark-lint for Markdown files
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_executable', 'remark')
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'markdown_remark_lint_options')
+
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --no-stdout --no-color'
+endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " matches: '  1:4  warning  Incorrect list-item indent: add 1 space  list-item-indent  remark-lint'
@@ -25,10 +35,12 @@ function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
-\   'name': 'remark-lint',
-\   'executable': 'remark',
-\   'command': 'remark --no-stdout --no-color %s',
+\   'name': 'remark_lint',
+\   'aliases': ['remark-lint'],
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('markdown_remark_lint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/remark',
+\   ]),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \})

ale_linters/markdown/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for Markdown files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/markdown/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for Markdown files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('markdown')

ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim

@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 " Author: awlayton <alex@layton.in>
 " Description: mlint for MATLAB files
 
-let g:ale_matlab_mlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
-
-function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'matlab_mlint_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-
-    return l:executable . ' -id %t'
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
 
 function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns like the following:
@@ -48,8 +37,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('matlab', {
 \   'name': 'mlint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('matlab_mlint_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e -id %t',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/mercury/mmc.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+" Author: stewy33 <slocumstewy@gmail.com>
+" Description: Lints mercury files using mmc
+
+call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_executable', 'mmc')
+call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_options', '--make --output-compile-error-lines 100')
+
+function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:module_name = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t:r')
+
+    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
+    \ . '%e --errorcheck-only '
+    \ . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'mercury_mmc_options')
+    \ . ' ' . l:module_name
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " output format
+    " <filename>:<line>:   <issue type>: <message>
+    let l:pattern = '\v^\w+\.m:(\d+):\s+([W|w]arning|.*[E|e]rror.*): (.*)'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': substitute(l:match[1], '\v^0*', '', '') + 0,
+        \   'type': l:match[2][0] =~? 'W' ? 'W' : 'E',
+        \   'text': l:match[2] . ': ' . l:match[3]
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('mercury', {
+\   'name': 'mmc',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('mercury_mmc_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\})

ale_linters/nasm/nasm.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+" Author: Oyvind Ingvaldsen <oyvind.ingvaldsen@gmail.com>
+" Description: NASM linter for asmsyntax nasm.
+
+call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_executable', 'nasm')
+call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    " Note that NASM requires a trailing slash for the -I option.
+    let l:separator = has('win32') ? '\' : '/'
+    let l:path = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h') . l:separator
+
+    return '%e -X gnu -I ' . ale#Escape(l:path)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_options'))
+    \   . ' %s'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    " Note that we treat 'fatal' as errors.
+    let l:pattern = '^.\+:\(\d\+\): \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \ 'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
+        \ 'type': l:match[2] =~? 'error\|fatal' ? 'E' : 'W',
+        \ 'text': l:match[3],
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('nasm', {
+\   'name': 'nasm',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('nasm_nasm_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle',
+\})

ale_linters/nroff/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for nroff files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('nroff', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})