Merge pull request #1797 from bradlarsen/master

Additionally adjust the jumplist with line numbers when opening a new file

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.
 
 For help with contributing to ALE, see `:help ale-development` in Vim, or view
-the help file online [here](/w0rp/ale/blob/master/doc/ale-development.txt).
+the help file online [here](/doc/ale-development.txt).
 
 ## Creating Issues
 

.travis.yml

@@ -3,5 +3,10 @@ sudo: required
 services:
     - docker
 language: generic
+env:
+    - OPTIONS=--vim-80-only
+    - OPTIONS=--vim-81-only
+    - OPTIONS=--neovim-only
+    - OPTIONS=--linters-only
 script: |
-    ./run-tests -v
+    ./run-tests -v $OPTIONS

Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 FROM tweekmonster/vim-testbed:latest
 
 RUN install_vim -tag v8.0.0027 -build \
+                -tag v8.1.0204 -build \
                 -tag neovim:v0.2.0 -build \
                 -tag neovim:v0.3.0 -build
 

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 ![ALE Logo by Mark Grealish - https://www.bhalash.com/](img/logo.jpg?raw=true)
 
 ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim
-0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files.
+0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files, and acts as a Vim
+[Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/) client.
 
 ![linting example](img/example.gif?raw=true)
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ formatting.
 | Awk | [gawk](https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/)|
 | Bash | [language-server](https://github.com/mads-hartmann/bash-language-server), shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
 | Bourne Shell | shell [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
-| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
 | C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
 | CUDA | [nvcc](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-compiler-driver-nvcc/index.html) |
 | C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) see:`help ale-cs-mcs` for details, [mcsc](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) !! see:`help ale-cs-mcsc` for details and configuration|
@@ -118,29 +119,30 @@ formatting.
 | Erb | [erb](https://apidock.com/ruby/ERB), [erubi](https://github.com/jeremyevans/erubi), [erubis](https://github.com/kwatch/erubis) |
 | Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html), [SyntaxErl](https://github.com/ten0s/syntaxerl) |
 | Fish | fish [-n flag](https://linux.die.net/man/1/fish)
-| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [language_server](https://github.com/hansec/fortran-language-server) |
 | Fountain | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
 | FusionScript | [fusion-lint](https://github.com/RyanSquared/fusionscript) |
 | Git Commit Messages | [gitlint](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint) |
 | GLSL | [glslang](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang), [glslls](https://github.com/svenstaro/glsl-language-server) |
 | Go | [gofmt](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [goimports](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/) !!, [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [gotype](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype) !!, [gometalinter](https://github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter) !!, [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) !!, [gosimple](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/gosimple) !!, [staticcheck](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck) !! |
 | GraphQL | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [gqlint](https://github.com/happylinks/gqlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
+| Hack | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/tree/master/hphp/hack/hackfmt), [hhast](https://github.com/hhvm/hhast) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-hack`) |
 | Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint) |
 | Handlebars | [ember-template-lint](https://github.com/rwjblue/ember-template-lint) |
-| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt) |
+| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [cabal-ghc](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt), [hie](https://github.com/haskell/haskell-ide-engine) |
 | HTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Idris | [idris](http://www.idris-lang.org/) |
 | Java | [checkstyle](http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net), [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html), [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format), [PMD](https://pmd.github.io/) |
 | JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [prettier-eslint](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-eslint-cli), [prettier-standard](https://github.com/sheerun/prettier-standard), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
 | JSON | [fixjson](https://github.com/rhysd/fixjson), [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/), [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !! see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
+| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !!, [languageserver](https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer) see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
 | LaTeX | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Less | [lessc](https://www.npmjs.com/package/less), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | LLVM | [llc](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llc.html) |
 | Lua | [luac](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/luac.html), [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
 | Mail | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
 | Make | [checkmake](https://github.com/mrtazz/checkmake) |
-| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint) !!, [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
+| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint), [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
 | Mercury | [mmc](http://mercurylang.org) !! |
 | NASM | [nasm](https://www.nasm.us/) !! |
@@ -151,14 +153,14 @@ formatting.
 | Objective-C++ | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/) |
 | OCaml | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-ocaml-merlin` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server) |
 | Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic), [perltidy](https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/Perl-Tidy/bin/perltidy) |
-| PHP | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/flow/tree/master/hack/hackfmt), [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
+| PHP | [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
 | PO | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [msgfmt](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/msgfmt-Invocation.html), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pod | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pony | [ponyc](https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc) |
 | proto | [protoc-gen-lint](https://github.com/ckaznocha/protoc-gen-lint) |
 | Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
-| Puppet | [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
-| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pyre](https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
+| Puppet | [languageserver](https://github.com/lingua-pupuli/puppet-editor-services), [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
+| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pyre](https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
 | QML | [qmlfmt](https://github.com/jesperhh/qmlfmt), [qmllint](https://github.com/qt/qtdeclarative/tree/5.11/tools/qmllint) |
 | R | [lintr](https://github.com/jimhester/lintr) |
 | ReasonML | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-reasonml-ols` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server), [refmt](https://github.com/reasonml/reason-cli) |
@@ -185,10 +187,11 @@ formatting.
 | Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
 | Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
 | Vim help^ | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
+| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [vls](https://github.com/vuejs/vetur/tree/master/server) |
 | XHTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | XML | [xmllint](http://xmlsoft.org/xmllint.html) |
 | YAML | [swaglint](https://github.com/byCedric/swaglint), [yamllint](https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/) |
+| YANG | [yang-lsp](https://github.com/theia-ide/yang-lsp) |
 
 <a name="usage"></a>
 

ale_linters/apiblueprint/drafter.vim

@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('apiblueprint', {
 \   'name': 'drafter',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'drafter',
-\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate %t',
+\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#apiblueprint#drafter#HandleErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/asciidoc/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('asciidoc', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/asciidoc/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('asciidoc')

ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim

@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_options', '-Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \    . ' -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
+    return '%e -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
     \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
     \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('asm', {
 \    'name': 'gcc',
 \    'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\    'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('asm_gcc_executable'),
 \    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand',
 \    'callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/awk/gawk.vim

@@ -1,29 +1,21 @@
 " Author: kmarc <korondi.mark@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for using GNU awk with sripts.
 
-let g:ale_awk_gawk_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
-
-let g:ale_awk_gawk_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
+call ale#Set('awk_gawk_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " note the --source 'BEGIN ...' is to prevent
     " gawk from attempting to execute the body of the script
     " it is linting.
-    return ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . " --source 'BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }'"
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options')
-    \   . ' ' . '-f %t --lint /dev/null'
+    return '%e --source ' . ale#Escape('BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }')
+    \   .  ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options'))
+    \   . ' -f %t --lint /dev/null'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('awk', {
 \   'name': 'gawk',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('awk_gawk_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gawk#HandleGawkFormat',
 \   'output_stream': 'both'

ale_linters/c/clang.vim

@@ -4,29 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('c_clang_executable', 'clang')
 call ale#Set('c_clang_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . l:cflags
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clang_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand'}
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/c/clangd.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+" Author: Andrey Melentyev <andrey.melentyev@protonmail.com>
+" Description: Clangd language server
+
+call ale#Set('c_clangd_executable', 'clangd')
+call ale#Set('c_clangd_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangd_options'))
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('c', {
+\   'name': 'clangd',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangd_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/c/clangtidy.vim

@@ -16,10 +16,6 @@ call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
     " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
     " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -35,7 +31,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
         return l:build_dir
     endif
 
-    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -47,7 +43,7 @@ function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_options')
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangtidy_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
     "
@@ -23,8 +19,7 @@ function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     return l:cd_command
-    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -q --language=c '
+    \   . '%e -q --language=c '
     \   . l:compile_commands_option
     \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_options')
     \   . ' %t'
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cppcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/cquery.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+" Author: Ben Falconer <ben@falconers.me.uk>, jtalowell <jtalowell@protonmail.com>
+" Description: A language server for C
+
+call ale#Set('c_cquery_executable', 'cquery')
+call ale#Set('c_cquery_cache_directory', expand('~/.cache/cquery'))
+
+function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
+    return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cquery_cache_directory')}
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('c', {
+\   'name': 'cquery',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cquery_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
+\})

ale_linters/c/flawfinder.vim

@@ -6,18 +6,12 @@ call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
-function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-
    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-   \  . ' -CDQS'
-   \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options')
+   return '%e -CDQS'
+   \  . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options'))
    \  . l:minlevel
    \  . ' %t'
 endfunction
@@ -25,7 +19,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
+\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_flawfinder_executable'),
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/gcc.vim

@@ -4,29 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . l:cflags
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_gcc_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand'}
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim

@@ -6,17 +6,10 @@
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_executable', 'foodcritic')
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_options', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . escape(l:options, '~') : '')
-    \   . ' %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(escape(l:options, '~')) . ' %s'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -41,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('chef', {
 \   'name': 'foodcritic',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('chef_foodcritic_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/clojure/joker.vim

@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('clojure', {
 \   'name': 'joker',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'joker',
-\   'command': 'joker --lint %t',
+\   'command': 'joker --working-dir %s --lint %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#clojure#joker#HandleJokerFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim

@@ -4,29 +4,24 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_executable', 'clang++')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . l:cflags
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clang_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clangcheck.vim

@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_executable', 'clang-check')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:user_options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_options')
 
@@ -16,23 +12,22 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:build_dir = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_build_dir')
 
     if empty(l:build_dir)
-        let l:build_dir = ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+        let l:build_dir = ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
     endif
 
     " The extra arguments in the command are used to prevent .plist files from
     " being generated. These are only added if no build directory can be
     " detected.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -analyze %s'
+    return '%e -analyze %s'
     \   . (empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -extra-arg -Xclang -extra-arg -analyzer-output=text' : '')
-    \   . (!empty(l:user_options) ? ' ' . l:user_options : '')
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:user_options)
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim

@@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
     " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
     " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -29,7 +25,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
         return l:build_dir
     endif
 
-    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
+    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_options')
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
     \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangtidy_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
     "
@@ -23,8 +19,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     return l:cd_command
-    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -q --language=c++ '
+    \   . '%e -q --language=c++ '
     \   . l:compile_commands_option
     \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_options')
     \   . ' %t'
@@ -33,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cppcheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/cpplint.vim

@@ -4,22 +4,16 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_executable', 'cpplint')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_options', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cpplint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cpplint_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cpplint#HandleCppLintFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/cpp/cquery.vim

@@ -10,15 +10,6 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
     return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cquery_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
     return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cquery_cache_directory')}
 endfunction
@@ -26,9 +17,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cquery',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cquery_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
 \   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
-\   'language': 'cpp',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/flawfinder.vim

@@ -6,17 +6,11 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-
    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-   \  . ' -CDQS'
+   return '%e -CDQS'
    \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_options')
    \  . l:minlevel
    \  . ' %t'
@@ -25,7 +19,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
+\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_flawfinder_executable'),
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim

@@ -4,30 +4,25 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')
 
-function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)
 
     " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
     "  headers in the same directory.
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
-    \   . l:cflags
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
+    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options')) . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'aliases': ['g++'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_gcc_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 let g:ale_cs_mcs_options = get(g:, 'ale_cs_mcs_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options') . ' %t'
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options')
+
+    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse'
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort

ale_linters/cs/mcsc.vim

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ function! ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   : ''
 
     " register temporary module target file with ale
-    let l:out = tempname()
-    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:out)
+    " register temporary module target file with ALE.
+    let l:out = ale#engine#CreateFile(a:buffer)
 
     " The code is compiled as a module and the output is redirected to a
     " temporary file.
     return ale#path#CdString(s:GetWorkingDirectory(a:buffer))
     \    . 'mcs -unsafe'
-    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options')
-    \    . ' ' . l:lib_option
-    \    . ' ' . l:r_option
+    \    . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options'))
+    \    . ale#Pad(l:lib_option)
+    \    . ale#Pad(l:r_option)
     \    . ' -out:' . l:out
     \    . ' -t:module'
     \    . ' -recurse:' . ale#Escape('*.cs')

ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim

@@ -4,21 +4,16 @@ call ale#Set('css_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options')
+    return '%e ' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options'))
     \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('css_stylelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cuda/nvcc.vim

@@ -4,20 +4,15 @@
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_executable', 'nvcc')
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_options', '-std=c++11')
 
-function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Unused: use ale#util#nul_file
-    " let l:output_file = tempname() . '.ii'
+    " let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname() . '.ii'
     " call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -cuda '
-    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer))
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options') . ' %s'
-    \   . ' -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
+    return '%e -cuda'
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)))
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options'))
+    \   . ' %s -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cuda', {
 \   'name': 'nvcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cuda_nvcc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/dart/dartanalyzer.vim

@@ -3,15 +3,10 @@
 
 call ale#Set('dart_dartanalyzer_executable', 'dartanalyzer')
 
-function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_dartanalyzer_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.packages')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    return '%e'
     \   . (!empty(l:path) ? ' --packages ' . ale#Escape(l:path) : '')
     \   . ' %s'
 endfunction
@@ -34,7 +29,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'dartanalyzer',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_dartanalyzer_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/dart/language_server.vim

@@ -3,10 +3,6 @@
 
 call ale#Set('dart_language_server_executable', 'dart_language_server')
 
-function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_language_server_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
     " Note: pub only looks for pubspec.yaml, there's no point in adding
     " support for pubspec.yml
@@ -18,8 +14,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'language_server',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_language_server_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
-\   'language': 'dart',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
 \})

ale_linters/elixir/dialyxir.vim

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'dialyxir',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command': 'mix dialyzer',
+\   'command': 'mix help dialyzer && mix dialyzer',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#Handle',
 \})
 

ale_linters/elm/make.vim

@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('elm_make_executable', 'elm')
 call ale#Set('elm_make_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'elm_make', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/elm',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:output = []
     let l:unparsed_lines = []
@@ -128,14 +122,7 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm018Line(line, output) abort
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(path) abort
-    let l:is_windows = has('win32')
-    let l:temp_dir = l:is_windows ? $TMP : $TMPDIR
-
-    if has('win32')
-        return a:path[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is? l:temp_dir
-    else
-        return a:path[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is# l:temp_dir
-    endif
+    return ale#path#IsTempName(a:path)
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(message) abort
@@ -143,7 +130,7 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(message) abort
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessageItem(item) abort
-    if type(a:item) == type('')
+    if type(a:item) is v:t_string
         return a:item
     else
         return a:item.string
@@ -154,7 +141,6 @@ endfunction
 " If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm.json')
-    let l:elm_exe = ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
 
     if empty(l:elm_json)
         " Fallback to Elm 0.18
@@ -172,17 +158,14 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " a sort of flag to tell the compiler not to generate an output file,
     " which is why this is hard coded here.
     " Source: https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-compiler/blob/19d5a769b30ec0b2fc4475985abb4cd94cd1d6c3/builder/src/Generate/Output.hs#L253
-    let l:elm_cmd = ale#Escape(l:elm_exe)
-    \   . ' make'
-    \   . ' --report=json'
-    \   . ' --output=/dev/null'
-
-    return l:dir_set_cmd . ' ' . l:elm_cmd . ' %t'
+    return l:dir_set_cmd . '%e make --report=json --output=/dev/null %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
 \   'name': 'make',
-\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('elm_make', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/elm',
+\   ]),
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'

ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 let g:ale_erlang_erlc_options = get(g:, 'ale_erlang_erlc_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:output_file = tempname()
+    let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname()
     call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
 
     return 'erlc -o ' . ale#Escape(l:output_file)

ale_linters/erlang/syntaxerl.vim

@@ -3,24 +3,12 @@
 
 call ale#Set('erlang_syntaxerl_executable', 'syntaxerl')
 
-
-function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_syntaxerl_executable')
-endfunction
-
-
-function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck(buffer) abort
-    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . ' -h'
-endfunction
-
-
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
     let l:use_b_option = match(a:output, '\C\V-b, --base\>') > -1
 
-    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
+    return '%e' . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
 endfunction
 
-
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:pattern = '\v\C:(\d+):( warning:)? (.+)'
     let l:loclist = []
@@ -36,17 +24,11 @@ function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:loclist
 endfunction
 
-
-function! s:GetEscapedExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-endfunction
-
-
 call ale#linter#Define('erlang', {
 \   'name': 'syntaxerl',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('erlang_syntaxerl_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck'},
+\       {'callback': {-> '%e -h'}},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle',

ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim

@@ -2,18 +2,10 @@
 " Description: gcc for Fortran files
 
 " This option can be set to 0 to use -ffixed-form
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form = 1
-endif
-
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable = 'gcc'
-endif
-
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_use_free_form', 1)
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 " Set this option to change the GCC options for warnings for Fortran.
-if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_options')
-    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_options = '-Wall'
-endif
+call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_options', '-Wall')
 
 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " We have to match a starting line and a later ending line together,
@@ -61,26 +53,20 @@ function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:layout_option = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
     \   ? '-ffree-form'
     \   : '-ffixed-form'
 
-    return ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . l:layout_option . ' '
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options') . ' '
-    \   . '-'
+    return '%e -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only ' . l:layout_option
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options'))
+    \   . ' -'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_gcc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/fortran/language_server.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+" Author: unpairedbracket ben.spiers22@gmail.com
+" Description: A language server for fortran
+
+call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_executable', 'fortls')
+call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+
+function! ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:fortls_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.fortls')
+
+    return !empty(l:fortls_file) ? fnamemodify(l:fortls_file, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
+\   'name': 'language_server',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_language_server_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/fuse/fusionlint.vim

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 " Author: RyanSquared <vandor2012@gmail.com>
 " Description: `fusion-lint` linter for FusionScript files
 
-let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
-
-let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
+call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options'))
     \   . ' --filename %s -i'
 endfunction
 
@@ -35,7 +27,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('fuse', {
 \   'name': 'fusionlint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fuse_fusionlint_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/gitcommit/gitlint.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 " Author: Nick Yamane <nick.diego@gmail.com>
 " Description: gitlint for git commit message files
 
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
-let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
-
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
+call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
     return ale#python#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint', ['gitlint'])
@@ -13,12 +11,9 @@ endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint_options')
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' lint'
-endfunction
 
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' lint'
+endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns line the following:
@@ -45,7 +40,6 @@ function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
-
 call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'name': 'gitlint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
@@ -53,4 +47,3 @@ call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/glsl/glslang.vim

@@ -4,19 +4,13 @@
 " TODO: Once https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang/pull/1047 is accepted,
 " we can use stdin.
 
-let g:ale_glsl_glslang_executable =
-\ get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
-
-let g:ale_glsl_glslang_options = get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
+call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options')
-    \   . ' ' . '-C %t'
+    return '%e'
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options'))
+    \   . ' -C %t'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -40,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslang',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslang_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/glsl/glslls.vim

@@ -4,18 +4,15 @@
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_executable', 'glslls')
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_logfile', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:logfile = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_logfile')
     let l:logfile_args = ''
+
     if l:logfile isnot# ''
         let l:logfile_args = ' --verbose -l ' . l:logfile
     endif
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
+
+    return '%e' . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
@@ -27,8 +24,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslls_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand',
-\   'language': 'glsl',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot',
 \})

ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim

@@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'go build',
+\   'name': 'gobuild',
+\   'aliases': ['go build'],
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoEnv', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},

ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim

@@ -5,12 +5,7 @@ call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_options', '')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_executable', 'gometalinter')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_lint_package', 0)
 
-function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:filename = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t')
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_options')
     let l:lint_package = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_lint_package')
@@ -19,12 +14,12 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " be calculated to absolute paths in the Handler
     if l:lint_package
         return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-        \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
+        \   . '%e'
         \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
     endif
 
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . '%e'
     \   . ' --include=' . ale#Escape(ale#util#EscapePCRE(l:filename))
     \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
 endfunction
@@ -55,7 +50,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gometalinter',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_gometalinter_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/go/gotype.vim

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 function! ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     if expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p') =~# '_test\.go$'
-        return
+        return ''
     endif
 
-
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer) . ' gotype .'
 endfunction
 

ale_linters/go/govet.vim

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ function! ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'go vet',
+\   'name': 'govet',
+\   'aliases': ['go vet'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand',

ale_linters/hack/hack.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
+" Description: Hack support via `hack lsp`
+
+call ale#Set('hack_hack_executable', 'hh_client')
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
+
+    return !empty(l:hhconfig) ? fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hack_executable')
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
+\   'name': 'hack',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable',
+\   'command': '%e lsp --from vim-ale',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/hack/hhast.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
+" Description: Hack support via `hhast lsp`
+
+call ale#Set('hack_hhast_executable', 'vendor/bin/hhast-lint')
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Find the hack root, then figure out if it's also an HHAST root.
+    " Don't try to use lint configurations from vendor/foo/bar/hhast-lint.json
+    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
+
+    if empty(l:hhconfig)
+      return ''
+    endif
+
+    let l:root = fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h')
+    let l:hhast_config = findfile('hhast-lint.json', l:root)
+
+    return !empty(l:hhast_config) ? l:root : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    let l:root = ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+    let l:relative = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hhast_executable')
+    let l:absolute = findfile(l:relative, l:root)
+
+    return !empty(l:absolute) ? l:absolute : ''
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
+    return {'lintMode': 'open-files'}
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
+\   'name': 'hhast',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable',
+\   'command': '%e --mode lsp --from vim-ale',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions',
+\})

ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim

@@ -4,17 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable', 'ember-template-lint')
 call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' --json %t'
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     let l:output = []
     let l:json = ale#util#FuzzyJSONDecode(a:lines, {})
@@ -42,7 +31,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('handlebars', {
 \   'name': 'ember-template-lint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e --json %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/cabal_ghc.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+" Author: Eric Wolf <ericwolf42@gmail.com>
+" Description: ghc for Haskell files called with cabal exec
+
+call ale#Set('haskell_cabal_ghc_options', '-fno-code -v0')
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'cabal exec -- ghc '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_cabal_ghc_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
+\   'name': 'cabal_ghc',
+\   'aliases': ['cabal-ghc'],
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'executable': 'cabal',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
+\})

ale_linters/haskell/ghc-mod.vim

@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@
 " Description: ghc-mod for Haskell files
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'ghc-mod',
+\   'name': 'ghc_mod',
+\   'aliases': ['ghc-mod'],
 \   'executable': 'ghc-mod',
 \   'command': 'ghc-mod --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-ghc-mod',
+\   'name': 'stack_ghc_mod',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc-mod'],
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack exec ghc-mod -- --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',

ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim

@@ -4,19 +4,14 @@
 call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_executable', 'hdevtools')
 call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_options', get(g:, 'hdevtools_options', '-g -Wall'))
 
-function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-        \ . ' check ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options')
+    return '%e check' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options'))
     \ . ' -p %s %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hdevtools',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hdevtools_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/hie.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+" Author: Luxed <devildead13@gmail.com>
+" Description: A language server for Haskell
+
+call ale#Set('haskell_hie_executable', 'hie')
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hie_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Search for the stack file first
+    let l:project_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'stack.yaml')
+
+    " If it's empty, search for the cabal file
+    if empty(l:project_file)
+        let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')
+        let l:paths = ''
+
+        while empty(matchstr(l:cabal_file, '^\(\/\|\(\w:\\\)\)$'))
+            let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(l:cabal_file, ':h')
+            let l:paths = l:paths . l:cabal_file . ','
+        endwhile
+
+        let l:project_file = globpath(l:paths, '*.cabal')
+    endif
+
+    " Either extract the project directory or take the current working
+    " directory
+    if !empty(l:project_file)
+        let l:project_file = fnamemodify(l:project_file, ':h')
+    else
+        let l:project_file = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
+    endif
+
+    return l:project_file
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
+\   'name': 'hie',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'command': '%e --lsp',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/haskell/stack_build.vim

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ function! ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-build',
+\   'name': 'stack_build',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-build'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand',

ale_linters/haskell/stack_ghc.vim

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 " Description: ghc for Haskell files, using Stack
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack-ghc',
+\   'name': 'stack_ghc',
+\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack ghc -- -fno-code -v0 %t',

ale_linters/help/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for vim Help files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('help', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/help/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for vim Help files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('help')

ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim

@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_executable', 'htmlhint')
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_options')
     let l:config = l:options !~# '--config'
@@ -25,14 +19,14 @@ function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
         let l:options = substitute(l:options, '--format=unix', '', '')
     endif
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --format=unix %t'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --format=unix %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'htmlhint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('html_htmlhint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})

ale_linters/html/tidy.vim

@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \)
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns lines like the following:
     " line 7 column 5 - Warning: missing </title> before </head>
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'tidy',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('html_tidy_executable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle',

ale_linters/html/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for nroff files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('html', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/html/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for html files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('html')

ale_linters/idris/idris.vim

@@ -4,16 +4,10 @@
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_executable', 'idris')
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_options', '--total --warnpartial --warnreach --warnipkg')
 
-function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --check %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --check %s'
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -80,8 +74,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('idris', {
 \   'name': 'idris',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('idris_idris_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/java/javac.vim

@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ function! s:BuildClassPathOption(buffer, import_paths) abort
     \   : ''
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort
     let l:cp_option = s:BuildClassPathOption(a:buffer, a:import_paths)
     let l:sp_option = ''
@@ -77,17 +73,15 @@ function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort
 
     " Create .class files in a temporary directory, which we will delete later.
     let l:class_file_directory = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
 
     " Always run javac from the directory the file is in, so we can resolve
     " relative paths correctly.
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \ . ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \ . ' -Xlint'
-    \ . ' ' . l:cp_option
-    \ . ' ' . l:sp_option
+    \ . '%e -Xlint'
+    \ . ale#Pad(l:cp_option)
+    \ . ale#Pad(l:sp_option)
     \ . ' -d ' . ale#Escape(l:class_file_directory)
-    \ . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options')
+    \ . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options'))
     \ . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
@@ -126,7 +120,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('java', {
 \   'name': 'javac',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('java_javac_executable'),
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},

ale_linters/javascript/flow_ls.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+" Author: t_t <jamestthompson3@gmail.com>
+" Description: Integrate ALE with flow-language-server.
+
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_executable', 'flow')
+call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_use_global',
+\    get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0)
+\)
+
+function! ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:flow_config = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')
+
+    if !empty(l:flow_config)
+        return fnamemodify(l:flow_config, ':h')
+    endif
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
+\   'name': 'flow-language-server',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_flow_ls', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/flow',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e lsp --from ale-lsp',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot',
+\   'language': 'javascript',
+\})

ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim

@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_executable', 'jscs')
 call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jscs', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
     let l:jscs_config = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
@@ -18,8 +12,7 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   get(g:, 'ale_jscs_config_loc', '')
     \)
 
-    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    let l:command .= ' --reporter inline --no-colors'
+    let l:command = '%e --reporter inline --no-colors'
 
     if !empty(l:jscs_config)
         let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jscs_config)
@@ -60,8 +53,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jscs',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jscs', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#Handle',
 \})
-

ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim

@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_executable', 'jshint')
 call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
     let l:jshint_config = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
@@ -18,8 +12,7 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     \   get(g:, 'ale_jshint_config_loc', '')
     \)
 
-    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    let l:command .= ' --reporter unix --extract auto'
+    let l:command = '%e --reporter unix --extract auto'
 
     if !empty(l:jshint_config)
         let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jshint_config)
@@ -32,7 +25,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jshint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jshint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})

ale_linters/javascript/tsserver.vim

@@ -5,22 +5,13 @@ call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_executable', 'tsserver')
 call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_config_path', '')
 call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-" These functions need to be defined just to comply with the API for LSP.
-function! ale_linters#javascript#tsserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    return ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#javascript#tsserver#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_tsserver', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/tsserver',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'tsserver',
 \   'lsp': 'tsserver',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#tsserver#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#tsserver#GetExecutable',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#tsserver#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_tsserver', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/tsserver',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': '%e',
+\   'project_root_callback': {-> ''},
 \   'language': '',
 \})

ale_linters/kotlin/languageserver.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+" Author: MTDL9 <https://github.com/MTDL9>
+" Description: Support for the Kotlin language server https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer
+
+call ale#Set('kotlin_languageserver_executable', 'kotlin-language-server')
+
+function! ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:gradle_root = ale#gradle#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+
+    if !empty(l:gradle_root)
+        return l:gradle_root
+    endif
+
+    let l:maven_pom_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'pom.xml')
+
+    if !empty(l:maven_pom_file)
+        return fnamemodify(l:maven_pom_file, ':h')
+    endif
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('kotlin', {
+\   'name': 'languageserver',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('kotlin_languageserver_executable'),
+\   'command_callback': '%e',
+\   'language': 'kotlin',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/less/lessc.vim

@@ -5,21 +5,10 @@ call ale#Set('less_lessc_executable', 'lessc')
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_options', '')
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_lessc', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    let l:dir = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
-    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options')
-
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . ' --no-color --lint'
-    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(l:dir)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    return '%e --no-color --lint'
+    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h'))
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options'))
     \   . ' -'
 endfunction
 
@@ -49,7 +38,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'lessc',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_lessc', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#Handle',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',

ale_linters/less/stylelint.vim

@@ -4,24 +4,17 @@ call ale#Set('less_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_stylelint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/llvm/llc.vim

@@ -3,22 +3,11 @@
 
 call ale#Set('llvm_llc_executable', 'llc')
 
-function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'llvm_llc_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' -filetype=null -o='
-    \   . ale#Escape(g:ale#util#nul_file)
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors(buffer, lines) abort
     " Handle '{path}: {file}:{line}:{col}: error: {message}' format
     let l:pattern = '\v^[a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+: [^:]+:(\d+):(\d+): (.+)$'
-    let l:matches = ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
 
-    return map(l:matches, "{
+    return map(ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern), "{
     \   'lnum': str2nr(v:val[1]),
     \   'col': str2nr(v:val[2]),
     \   'text': v:val[3],
@@ -28,8 +17,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('llvm', {
 \   'name': 'llc',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('llvm_llc_executable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand',
+\   'command_callback': {-> '%e -filetype=null -o=' . g:ale#util#nul_file},
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/lua/luac.vim

@@ -3,15 +3,6 @@
 
 call ale#Set('lua_luac_executable', 'luac')
 
-function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luac_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . ' -p - '
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns line the following:
     "
@@ -33,8 +24,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luac',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luac_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e -p -',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 " Author: Sol Bekic https://github.com/s-ol
 " Description: luacheck linter for lua files
 
-let g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
-
-let g:ale_lua_luacheck_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
+call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options'))
     \   . ' --formatter plain --codes --filename %s -'
 endfunction
 
@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luacheck',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luacheck_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/markdown/remark_lint.vim

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
+scriptencoding utf-8
 " Author rhysd https://rhysd.github.io/, Dirk Roorda (dirkroorda), Adrián González Rus (@adrigzr)
 " Description: remark-lint for Markdown files
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_executable', 'remark')
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'markdown_remark_lint_options')
+
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --no-stdout --no-color'
+endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " matches: '  1:4  warning  Incorrect list-item indent: add 1 space  list-item-indent  remark-lint'
@@ -25,10 +35,12 @@ function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
-\   'name': 'remark-lint',
-\   'executable': 'remark',
-\   'command': 'remark --no-stdout --no-color %s',
+\   'name': 'remark_lint',
+\   'aliases': ['remark-lint'],
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('markdown_remark_lint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/remark',
+\   ]),
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \})

ale_linters/markdown/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for Markdown files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/markdown/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for Markdown files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('markdown')

ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim

@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 " Author: awlayton <alex@layton.in>
 " Description: mlint for MATLAB files
 
-let g:ale_matlab_mlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
-
-function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'matlab_mlint_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-
-    return l:executable . ' -id %t'
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
 
 function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Matches patterns like the following:
@@ -48,8 +37,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('matlab', {
 \   'name': 'mlint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('matlab_mlint_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e -id %t',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/mercury/mmc.vim

@@ -4,16 +4,11 @@
 call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_executable', 'mmc')
 call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_options', '--make --output-compile-error-lines 100')
 
-function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'mercury_mmc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:module_name = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t:r')
 
     return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \ . ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \ . ' --errorcheck-only '
+    \ . '%e --errorcheck-only '
     \ . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'mercury_mmc_options')
     \ . ' ' . l:module_name
 endfunction
@@ -38,7 +33,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('mercury', {
 \   'name': 'mmc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('mercury_mmc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/nasm/nasm.vim

@@ -4,25 +4,13 @@
 call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_executable', 'nasm')
 call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_options', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetOptions(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_options')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    " Note that NASM require a trailing slash to the -I option.
-    let l:executable = ale#Escape(ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    " Note that NASM requires a trailing slash for the -I option.
     let l:separator = has('win32') ? '\' : '/'
-    let l:path = ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h') . l:separator)
-    let l:options = ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetOptions(a:buffer)
+    let l:path = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h') . l:separator
 
-    return l:executable
-    \   . ' -X gnu'
-    \   . ' -I ' . l:path
-    \   . ' ' . l:options
+    return '%e -X gnu -I ' . ale#Escape(l:path)
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_options'))
     \   . ' %s'
 endfunction
 
@@ -30,6 +18,7 @@ function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     " Note that we treat 'fatal' as errors.
     let l:pattern = '^.\+:\(\d\+\): \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
     let l:output = []
+
     for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
         call add(l:output, {
         \ 'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
@@ -37,14 +26,15 @@ function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
         \ 'text': l:match[3],
         \})
     endfor
+
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('nasm', {
 \   'name': 'nasm',
-\   'executable': 'nasm',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('nasm_nasm_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/nroff/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for nroff files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('nroff', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/nroff/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for nroff files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('nroff')

ale_linters/objc/clang.vim

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('objc', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#objc#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/objcpp/clang.vim

@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('objcpp', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang++',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#objcpp#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/perl/perl.vim

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
 " Author: Vincent Lequertier <https://github.com/SkySymbol>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking perl syntax
 
-let g:ale_perl_perl_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perl_executable', 'perl')
-
-let g:ale_perl_perl_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perl_options', '-c -Mwarnings -Ilib')
-
-function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('perl_perl_executable', 'perl')
+call ale#Set('perl_perl_options', '-c -Mwarnings -Ilib')
 
 function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_options')
-    \   . ' %t'
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_options')) . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 let s:begin_failed_skip_pattern = '\v' . join([
@@ -61,7 +52,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('perl', {
 \   'name': 'perl',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('perl_perl_executable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#Handle',

ale_linters/perl/perlcritic.vim

@@ -1,21 +1,10 @@
 " Author: Vincent Lequertier <https://github.com/SkySymbol>, Chris Weyl <cweyl@alumni.drew.edu>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking perl with perl critic
 
-let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_executable', 'perlcritic')
-
-let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_profile =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_profile', '.perlcriticrc')
-
-let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_options', '')
-
-let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_showrules =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_showrules', 0)
-
-function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perlcritic_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_executable', 'perlcritic')
+call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_profile', '.perlcriticrc')
+call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_options', '')
+call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_showrules', 0)
 
 function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetProfile(buffer) abort
     " first see if we've been overridden
@@ -39,11 +28,11 @@ function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:profile = ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetProfile(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perlcritic_options')
 
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    return '%e'
     \   . ' --verbose ' . ale#Escape(l:critic_verbosity)
     \   . ' --nocolor'
     \   . (!empty(l:profile) ? ' --profile ' . ale#Escape(l:profile) : '')
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ale#Pad(l:options)
 endfunction
 
 
@@ -66,7 +55,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('perl', {
 \   'name': 'perlcritic',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('perl_perlcritic_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/php/hack.vim

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Zefei Xuan <https://github.com/zefei>
-" Description: Hack type checking (http://hacklang.org/)
-
-function! ale_linters#php#hack#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-    let l:pattern = '^\(.*\):\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\),\(\d\+\): \(.\+])\)$'
-    let l:output = []
-
-    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
-        if a:buffer != bufnr(l:match[1])
-            continue
-        endif
-
-        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
-        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
-        \   'text': l:match[5],
-        \})
-    endfor
-
-    return l:output
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('php', {
-\   'name': 'hack',
-\   'executable': 'hh_client',
-\   'command': 'hh_client --retries 0 --retry-if-init false',
-\   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#hack#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/php/langserver.vim

@@ -4,16 +4,6 @@
 call ale#Set('php_langserver_executable', 'php-language-server.php')
 call ale#Set('php_langserver_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'php_langserver', [
-    \   'vendor/bin/php-language-server.php',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'php ' . ale#Escape(ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
     let l:git_path = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, '.git')
 
@@ -23,8 +13,9 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'langserver',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetCommand',
-\   'language': 'php',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('php_langserver', [
+\       'vendor/bin/php-language-server.php',
+\   ]),
+\   'command': 'php %e',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetProjectRoot',
 \})

ale_linters/php/phpcs.vim

@@ -6,23 +6,13 @@ let g:ale_php_phpcs_standard = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpcs_standard', '')
 call ale#Set('php_phpcs_executable', 'phpcs')
 call ale#Set('php_phpcs_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'php_phpcs', [
-    \   'vendor/bin/phpcs',
-    \   'phpcs'
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-
     let l:standard = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpcs_standard')
     let l:standard_option = !empty(l:standard)
     \   ? '--standard=' . l:standard
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . ' -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s ' . l:standard_option
+    return '%e -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s' . ale#Pad(l:standard_option)
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -50,7 +40,10 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpcs',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('php_phpcs', [
+\       'vendor/bin/phpcs',
+\       'phpcs'
+\   ]),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/php/phpmd.vim

@@ -6,16 +6,9 @@ let g:ale_php_phpmd_executable = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpmd_executable', 'phpmd')
 " Set to change the ruleset
 let g:ale_php_phpmd_ruleset = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpmd_ruleset', 'cleancode,codesize,controversial,design,naming,unusedcode')
 
-function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . ' %s text '
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_ruleset')
+    return '%e %s text'
+    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_ruleset'))
     \   . ' --ignore-violations-on-exit %t'
 endfunction
 
@@ -39,7 +32,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpmd',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('php_phpmd_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/php/phpstan.vim

@@ -6,20 +6,13 @@ let g:ale_php_phpstan_executable = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpstan_executable', 'phpsta
 let g:ale_php_phpstan_level = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpstan_level', '4')
 let g:ale_php_phpstan_configuration = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpstan_configuration', '')
 
-function! ale_linters#php#phpstan#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpstan_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#php#phpstan#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#php#phpstan#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-
     let l:configuration = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpstan_configuration')
     let l:configuration_option = !empty(l:configuration)
     \   ? ' -c ' . l:configuration
     \   : ''
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . ' analyze -l'
+    return '%e analyze -l'
     \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpstan_level')
     \   . ' --errorFormat raw'
     \   . l:configuration_option
@@ -47,7 +40,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpstan',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpstan#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('php_phpstan_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpstan#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpstan#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/po/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Cian Butler https://github.com/butlerx
-" Description: write-good for PO files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('po', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/po/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Cian Butler https://github.com/butlerx
+" Description: write-good for PO files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('po')

ale_linters/pod/write-good.vim

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for Pod files
-
-call ale#linter#Define('pod', {
-\   'name': 'write-good',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
-\})

ale_linters/pod/writegood.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for Pod files
+
+call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('pod')

ale_linters/pony/ponyc.vim

@@ -3,19 +3,14 @@
 call ale#Set('pony_ponyc_executable', 'ponyc')
 call ale#Set('pony_ponyc_options', '--pass paint')
 
-function! ale_linters#pony#ponyc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'pony_ponyc_executable')
-endfunction
-
 function! ale_linters#pony#ponyc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#pony#ponyc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'pony_ponyc_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'pony_ponyc_options'))
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('pony', {
 \   'name': 'ponyc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#pony#ponyc#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('pony_ponyc_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#pony#ponyc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#pony#HandlePonycFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/pug/puglint.vim

@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@ call ale#Set('pug_puglint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('pug_puglint_executable', 'pug-lint')
 call ale#Set('pug_puglint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
 
-function! ale_linters#pug#puglint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'pug_puglint', [
-    \   'node_modules/.bin/pug-lint',
-    \])
-endfunction
-
 function! s:FindConfig(buffer) abort
     for l:filename in [
     \   '.pug-lintrc',
@@ -29,19 +23,19 @@ function! s:FindConfig(buffer) abort
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#pug#puglint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:executable = ale_linters#pug#puglint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
     let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'pug_puglint_options')
     let l:config = s:FindConfig(a:buffer)
 
-    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options)
     \   . (!empty(l:config) ? ' -c ' . ale#Escape(l:config) : '')
     \   . ' -r inline %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('pug', {
 \   'name': 'puglint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#pug#puglint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('pug_puglint', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/pug-lint',
+\   ]),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#pug#puglint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',

ale_linters/puppet/languageserver.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+" Author: Alexander Olofsson <alexander.olofsson@liu.se>
+" Description: Puppet Language Server integration for ALE
+
+call ale#Set('puppet_languageserver_executable', 'puppet-languageserver')
+
+function! ale_linters#puppet#languageserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    " Note: The metadata.json file is recommended for Puppet 4+ modules, but
+    " there's no requirement to have it, so fall back to the other possible
+    " Puppet module directories
+    let l:root_path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'metadata.json')
+    if !empty(l:root_path)
+        return fnamemodify(l:root_path, ':h')
+    endif
+
+    for l:test_path in [
+    \   'manifests',
+    \   'templates',
+    \]
+        let l:root_path = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, l:test_path)
+        if !empty(l:root_path)
+            return fnamemodify(l:root_path, ':h:h')
+        endif
+    endfor
+
+    return ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('puppet', {
+\   'name': 'languageserver',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('puppet_languageserver_executable'),
+\   'command': '%e --stdio',
+\   'language': 'puppet',
+\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#puppet#languageserver#GetProjectRoot',
+\})

ale_linters/puppet/puppetlint.vim

@@ -1,26 +1,18 @@
 " Author: Alexander Olofsson <alexander.olofsson@liu.se>, Robert Flechtner <flechtner@chemmedia.de>
 " Description: puppet-lint for puppet files
 
-let g:ale_puppet_puppetlint_executable =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_puppet_puppetlint_executable', 'puppet-lint')
-
-let g:ale_puppet_puppetlint_options =
-\   get(g:, 'ale_puppet_puppetlint_options', '--no-autoloader_layout-check')
-
-function! ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'puppet_puppetlint_executable')
-endfunction
+call ale#Set('puppet_puppetlint_executable', 'puppet-lint')
+call ale#Set('puppet_puppetlint_options', '--no-autoloader_layout-check')
 
 function! ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'puppet_puppetlint_options')
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'puppet_puppetlint_options'))
     \   . ' --log-format "-:%{line}:%{column}: %{kind}: [%{check}] %{message}"'
     \   . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('puppet', {
 \   'name': 'puppetlint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('puppet_puppetlint_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#puppet#puppetlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})