#1621 - Tolerate SetOptions calls when ALE is loaded in a weird way

Fix LSP message handling when the handler doesn't get strings, somehow
Update the gitcommit documentation with more examples
2025-12-06 20:54:26 +08:00 · 2018-06-01 21:04:23 +01:00 · 2018-06-01 14:49:23 +01:00 · 2018-06-01 14:26:58 +01:00 · 2018-06-01 14:26:51 +01:00
462 changed files with 6570 additions and 9330 deletions
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 /CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md export-ignore
 /CONTRIBUTING.md export-ignore
 /Dockerfile export-ignore
-/ISSUE_TEMPLATE export-ignore
 /ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore
 /Makefile export-ignore
 /PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md export-ignore
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-## Guidelines
-
-Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.
-
-For help with contributing to ALE, see `:help ale-development` in Vim, or view
-the help file online [here](/doc/ale-development.txt).
-
-## Creating Issues
-
-Before creating any issues, please look through the current list of issues and
-pull requests, and ensure that the issue hasn't already been reported. If an
-issue has already been reported, but you have some new insight, please add
-a comment to the existing issue.
-
-Please read the FAQ in the README before creating any issues. A feature
-you desire may already exist and be documented, or the FAQ might explain
-how to solve a problem you have already.
-
-Please try and describe any issues reported with as much detail as you can
-provide about your Vim version, the linter you were trying to run, your
-operating system, or any other information you think might be helpful.
-
-Please describe your issue in clear, grammatically correct, and easy to
-understand English. You are more likely to see an issue resolved if others
-can understand you.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/report-a-bug.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/report-a-bug.md
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Report a bug
-about: Report a bug with ALE.
-
---
-
-<!--
-  This is the template for reporting ALE bugs. Make sure you try updating ALE
-  to a more recent version before reporting a bug. Look through existing bug
-  reports for similar issues before reporting a new one. Don't leave comments
-  about new bugs in the comment section for old issues.
-
-  Make sure to try disabling other plugins and trying to repeat your bug before
-  reporting it in ALE. Some times problems can arise when two plugins are used
-  together, but often your issues might be problems with other plugins.
-->
-
-## Information
-
-**VIM version**
-
-<!-- Paste just the first two lines of :version here. -->
-
-Operating System: <!-- Describe your operating system version. -->
-
-### :ALEInfo
-
-<!-- Paste the output of :ALEInfo here. Try :ALEInfoToClipboard -->
-<!-- Make sure to run :ALEInfo from the buffer where the bug occurred. -->
-
-## What went wrong
-
-<!-- Describe what went wrong here. -->
-
-## Reproducing the bug
-
-<!-- Write a list of steps below. -->
-
-1. I did this.
-2. Then this happened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-a-new-linter-or-fixer.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-a-new-linter-or-fixer.md
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Suggest a new linter or fixer
-about: Suggest a new tool ALE can officially integrate with.
-
---
-
-<!--
-  Write "Add support for foobar" as the issue title, or similar.
-
-  Fill out the details below.
-->
-
-**Name:** foobar
-**URL:** https://foo.bar.com
-
-<!--
-  Write a description of the tool, and add any other information you think might
-  be helpful. Consider creating a pull request to add support for the tool
-  yourself.
-->
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-an-improvement.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/suggest-an-improvement.md
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Suggest an improvement
-about: Suggest some way to improve ALE, or add a new feature.
-
---
-
-<!-- There's no fixed format for feature requests. Just add your thoughts. -->
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Before creating a pull request, do the following.
-
-* Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
-* Read the documentation that comes with ALE with `:help ale-development`.
-
-Have fun!
-->
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -2,11 +2,6 @@
 sudo: required
 services:
    - docker
-language: generic
-env:
-    - OPTIONS=--vim-80-only
-    - OPTIONS=--vim-81-only
-    - OPTIONS=--neovim-only
-    - OPTIONS=--linters-only
+language: python
 script: |
-    ./run-tests -v $OPTIONS
+    ./run-tests
--- a/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+++ b/.github/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Contributing to ALE
+
+1. [Guidelines](#guidelines)
+2. [Creating Issues](#issues)
+3. [Creating Pull Requests](#pull-requests)
+    1. [Adding a New Linter](#adding-a-new-linter)
+    2. [Adding New Options](#adding-new-options)
+4. [Writing Documentation](#writing-documentation)
+    1. [Documenting New Linters](#documenting-new-linters)
+    2. [Editing the Online Documentation](#editing-online-documentation)
+    3. [Documenting Linter Options](#documenting-linter-options)
+5. [In Case of Busses](#in-case-of-busses)
+
+<a name="guidelines"></a>
+
+## 1. Guidelines
+
+Have fun, and work on whatever floats your boat. Take It Easy :tm:.
+
+Don't forget to **write documentation** for whatever it is you are doing.
+See the ["Writing Documentation"](#writing-documentation) section.
+
+Remember to write Vader tests for most of the code you write. You can look at
+existing Vader tests in the `test` directory for examples.
+
+When writing code, follow the [Google Vimscript Style
+Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/vimscriptguide.xml), and run `vint
+-s` on your files to check for most of what the guide mentions and more. If you
+install this plugin (ALE) and install [Vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint), it
+will check your code while you type.
+
+<a name="issues"></a>
+
+## 2. Creating Issues
+
+Before creating any issues, please look through the current list of issues and
+pull requests, and ensure that the issue hasn't already been reported. If an
+issue has already been reported, but you have some new insight, please add
+a comment to the existing issue.
+
+Please read the FAQ in the README before creating any issues. A feature
+you desire may already exist and be documented, or the FAQ might explain
+how to solve a problem you have already.
+
+Please try and describe any issues reported with as much detail as you can
+provide about your Vim version, the linter you were trying to run, your
+operating system, or any other information you think might be helpful.
+
+Please describe your issue in clear, grammatically correct, and easy to
+understand English. You are more likely to see an issue resolved if others
+can understand you.
+
+<a name="pull-requests"></a>
+
+## 3. Creating Pull Requests
+
+For code you write, make sure to credit yourself at the top of files you add,
+and probably those you modify. You can write some comments at the top of your
+VIM files.
+
+```vim
+" Author: John Smith <john.smith@gmail.com>
+" Description: This file adds support for awesomelinter for the best language ever.
+```
+
+If you want to credit multiple authors, you can comma separate them.
+
+```vim
+" Author: John Smith <john.smith@gmail.com>, Jane Doe <https://jane-doe.info>
+```
+
+<a name="adding-a-new-linter"></a>
+
+### 3.i. Adding a New Linter
+
+If you add a new linter, look for existing handlers first in the
+[handlers](autoload/ale/handlers) directory. One of the handlers there may
+already be able to handle your lines of output. If you find that your new
+linter replicates an existing error handler, consider pulling it up into the
+[handlers](autoload/ale/handlers) directory, and use the generic handler in
+both places.
+
+When you add a linter, make sure the language for the linter and the linter
+itself are present in the table in the [README.md](README.md) file and in the
+Vim [help file](doc/ale.txt). The programs and linters should be sorted
+alphabetically in the table and list.
+
+<a name="adding-new-options"></a>
+
+### 3.ii. Adding New Options
+
+If you add new options to the plugin, make sure to document those new options
+in the [README.md](README.md) file, and also in the [help file](doc/ale.txt).
+Follow the format of other options in each. Global options should appear in the
+README file, and in the relevant section in the help file. Options specific
+to a particular linter should appear in the section for that linter.
+
+Linter options for customizing general argument lists should be named
+`g:ale_<filetype>_<linter>_options`, so that all linters can have similar
+global variable names.
+
+Any options for linters should be set to some default value so it is always
+easy to see what the default is with `:echo g:ale...`.
+
+<a name="writing-documentation"></a>
+
+## 4. Writing Documentation
+
+If you are adding new linters, changing the API, adding new options, etc., you
+_must_ write some documentation describing it in the `doc/ale.txt` file.  New
+linters _must_ be added to the `README.md` file too, so other users can get a
+quick overview of the supported tools.
+
+<a name="documenting-new-linters"></a>
+
+### 4.i Documenting New Linters
+
+If you add a new linter to the project, edit the table in the `README.md` file,
+and edit the list of linters at the top of the `doc/ale.txt` file. The linters
+should be sorted vertically in lexicographic (alphabetical) order by the
+programming language name or filetype, and the tools for each language should
+be sorted in lexicographic order horizontally. Sorting in this manner is a fair
+manner of presenting all of the information in an easy to scan way, without
+giving some unfair preference to any particular tool or language.
+
+<a name="editing-online-documentation"></a>
+
+### 4.ii Editing the Online Documentation
+
+The "online documentation" file used for this project lives in `doc/ale.txt`.
+This is the file used for generating `:help` text inside Vim itself. There are
+some guidelines to follow for this file.
+
+1. Keep all text within a column size of 79 characters, inclusive.
+2. Open a section with 79 `=` or `-` characters, for headings and subheadings.
+3. Sections should have a _single_ blank line before or after.
+4. Between descriptions of variables/functions/commands, use _two_ blank lines.
+5. Up-indent the description of a variable/function/command by two spaces.
+6. Place tags at the ends of lines, with the final characters on column 79.
+   All of the tags should line up perfectly on the same column as you scan
+   down through the document.
+7. Keep the table of contents balanced so the longest tag link ends on column
+   79, and so all links line up perfectly on their first character, on the
+   left.
+
+<a name="documenting-linter-options"></a>
+
+### 4.iii Documenting Linter Options
+
+For documenting new linter options, please add a new sub-section under the
+"Linter Specific Options" section describing all of the global options added
+for each linter, and what the default values of the options are. All global
+options for linters should be set to some default value. This will allow users
+to look up the default value easily by typing `:echo g:ale_...`.
+
+<a name="in-case-of-busses"></a>
+
+## 5. In Case of Busses
+
+Should the principal author of the ALE project and all collaborators with the
+required access needed to properly administrate the project on GitHub or any
+other website either perish or disappear, whether by tragic traffic accident
+or government abduction, etc., action should be taken to ensure that the
+project continues. If no one is left to administer the project where it is
+hosted, please fork the project and nominate someone capable to administer it.
+Preferably, in such an event, a single fork of the project will replace the
+original, and life will go on, except the life of whoever vanished, because
+then they will probably be dead.
+
+Should w0rp suddenly disappear, then he was probably killed in a traffic
+accident, or the government finally decided to kill him and make it look like
+suicide. In the latter event, please subvert said government and restore
+order to the universe, and ensure peace for mankind.
--- a/6
+++ b/6
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 FROM tweekmonster/vim-testbed:latest

 RUN install_vim -tag v8.0.0027 -build \
-                -tag v8.1.0204 -build \
-                -tag neovim:v0.2.0 -build \
-                -tag neovim:v0.3.0 -build
+                -tag neovim:v0.1.7 -build

 ENV PACKAGES="\
    bash \
@@ -14,7 +12,7 @@ ENV PACKAGES="\
 RUN apk --update add $PACKAGES && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*

-RUN pip install vim-vint==0.3.15
+RUN pip install vim-vint==0.3.9

 RUN git clone https://github.com/junegunn/vader.vim vader && \
    cd vader && git checkout c6243dd81c98350df4dec608fa972df98fa2a3af
--- a/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<!--
+    This is a template for bug reports. If you want to request a new feature,
+    you can clear this entire form field and write a short description of what
+    you want.
+-->
+
+## Information
+
+**VIM version**
+
+PASTE JUST THE FIRST TWO LINES OF `:version` HERE.
+
+Operating System: WHAT OS WERE YOU USING?
+
+### :ALEInfo
+
+PASTE OUTPUT OF `:ALEInfo` HERE. YOU CAN TRY `:ALEInfoToClipboard`.
+
+## What went wrong
+
+WRITE WHAT WENT WRONG HERE.
+
+## Reproducing the bug
+
+Steps for repeating the bug:
+
+1. Write a list of steps.
+2. Otherwise nobody will fix the bug.
--- a/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<!--
+READ THIS: Before creating a pull request, please consider the following first.
+
+* The most important thing you can do is write tests. Code without tests
+  probably doesn't work, and will almost certainly stop working later on. Pull
+  requests without tests probably won't be accepted, although there are some
+  exceptions.
+* Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
+* If you are adding a new linter, remember to update the README.md file and
+  doc/ale.txt first.
+* If you add or modify a function for converting error lines into loclist items
+  that ALE can work with, please add Vader tests for them. Look at existing
+  tests in the test/handler directory, etc.
+* If you add or modify a function for computing a command line string for
+  running a command, please add Vader tests for that. Look at existing
+  tests in the test/command_callback directory, etc.
+* Generally try and cover anything with Vader tests, although some things just
+  can't be tested with Vader, or at least they can be hard to test. Consider
+  breaking up your code so that some parts can be tested, and generally open up
+  a discussion about it.
+* Have fun!
+-->
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 ![ALE Logo by Mark Grealish - https://www.bhalash.com/](img/logo.jpg?raw=true)

 ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim
-0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files, and acts as a Vim
-[Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/) client.
+0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files.

 ![linting example](img/example.gif?raw=true)

@@ -30,10 +29,6 @@ features, including:
 * Finding references (`:ALEFindReferences`)
 * Hover information (`:ALEHover`)

-If you don't care about Language Server Protocol, ALE won't load any of the code
-for working with it unless needed. One of ALE's general missions is that you
-won't pay for the features that you don't use.
-
 ## Table of Contents

 1. [Supported Languages and Tools](#supported-languages)
@@ -95,15 +90,14 @@ formatting.
 | API Blueprint | [drafter](https://github.com/apiaryio/drafter) |
 | AsciiDoc | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Awk | [gawk](https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/)|
-| Bash | [language-server](https://github.com/mads-hartmann/bash-language-server), shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
+| Bash | shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
 | Bourne Shell | shell [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
-| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
-| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
+| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
 | CUDA | [nvcc](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-compiler-driver-nvcc/index.html) |
 | C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) see:`help ale-cs-mcs` for details, [mcsc](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) !! see:`help ale-cs-mcsc` for details and configuration|
 | Chef | [foodcritic](http://www.foodcritic.io/) |
 | Clojure | [joker](https://github.com/candid82/joker) |
-| CloudFormation | [cfn-python-lint](https://github.com/awslabs/cfn-python-lint) |
 | CMake | [cmakelint](https://github.com/richq/cmake-lint) |
 | CoffeeScript | [coffee](http://coffeescript.org/), [coffeelint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/coffeelint) |
 | Crystal | [crystal](https://crystal-lang.org/) !! |
@@ -112,37 +106,36 @@ formatting.
 | Cython (pyrex filetype) | [cython](http://cython.org/) |
 | D | [dmd](https://dlang.org/dmd-linux.html) |
 | Dafny | [dafny](https://rise4fun.com/Dafny) !! |
-| Dart | [dartanalyzer](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/pkg/analyzer_cli) !!, [language_server](https://github.com/natebosch/dart_language_server), [dartfmt](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/utils/dartfmt) |
+| Dart | [dartanalyzer](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/pkg/analyzer_cli) !!, [language_server](https://github.com/natebosch/dart_language_server) |
 | Dockerfile | [hadolint](https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint) |
-| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dialyxir](https://github.com/jeremyjh/dialyxir), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma), [mix](https://hexdocs.pm/mix/Mix.html) !!|
+| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dialyxir](https://github.com/jeremyjh/dialyxir), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma) !!|
 | Elm | [elm-format](https://github.com/avh4/elm-format), [elm-make](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make) |
 | Erb | [erb](https://apidock.com/ruby/ERB), [erubi](https://github.com/jeremyevans/erubi), [erubis](https://github.com/kwatch/erubis) |
 | Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html), [SyntaxErl](https://github.com/ten0s/syntaxerl) |
 | Fish | fish [-n flag](https://linux.die.net/man/1/fish)
-| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [language_server](https://github.com/hansec/fortran-language-server) |
+| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/) |
 | Fountain | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
 | FusionScript | [fusion-lint](https://github.com/RyanSquared/fusionscript) |
 | Git Commit Messages | [gitlint](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint) |
 | GLSL | [glslang](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang), [glslls](https://github.com/svenstaro/glsl-language-server) |
 | Go | [gofmt](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [goimports](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports), [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/) !!, [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [gotype](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype) !!, [gometalinter](https://github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter) !!, [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) !!, [gosimple](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/gosimple) !!, [staticcheck](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck) !! |
 | GraphQL | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [gqlint](https://github.com/happylinks/gqlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Hack | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/tree/master/hphp/hack/hackfmt), [hhast](https://github.com/hhvm/hhast) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-hack`) |
 | Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint) |
 | Handlebars | [ember-template-lint](https://github.com/rwjblue/ember-template-lint) |
-| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [cabal-ghc](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt), [hie](https://github.com/haskell/haskell-ide-engine) |
+| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [stack-ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt) |
 | HTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Idris | [idris](http://www.idris-lang.org/) |
 | Java | [checkstyle](http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net), [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html), [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format), [PMD](https://pmd.github.io/) |
 | JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [prettier-eslint](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-eslint-cli), [prettier-standard](https://github.com/sheerun/prettier-standard), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
 | JSON | [fixjson](https://github.com/rhysd/fixjson), [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/), [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !!, [languageserver](https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer) see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
+| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !! see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
 | LaTeX | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Less | [lessc](https://www.npmjs.com/package/less), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | LLVM | [llc](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llc.html) |
 | Lua | [luac](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/luac.html), [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
 | Mail | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
 | Make | [checkmake](https://github.com/mrtazz/checkmake) |
-| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint), [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
+| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint) !!, [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
 | Mercury | [mmc](http://mercurylang.org) !! |
 | NASM | [nasm](https://www.nasm.us/) !! |
@@ -153,14 +146,14 @@ formatting.
 | Objective-C++ | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/) |
 | OCaml | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-ocaml-merlin` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server) |
 | Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic), [perltidy](https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/Perl-Tidy/bin/perltidy) |
-| PHP | [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
+| PHP | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/flow/tree/master/hack/hackfmt), [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/) |
 | PO | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [msgfmt](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/msgfmt-Invocation.html), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pod | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | Pony | [ponyc](https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc) |
 | proto | [protoc-gen-lint](https://github.com/ckaznocha/protoc-gen-lint) |
 | Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
-| Puppet | [languageserver](https://github.com/lingua-pupuli/puppet-editor-services), [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
-| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pyre](https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
+| Puppet | [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
+| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](http://github.com/landscapeio/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
 | QML | [qmlfmt](https://github.com/jesperhh/qmlfmt), [qmllint](https://github.com/qt/qtdeclarative/tree/5.11/tools/qmllint) |
 | R | [lintr](https://github.com/jimhester/lintr) |
 | ReasonML | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-reasonml-ols` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server), [refmt](https://github.com/reasonml/reason-cli) |
@@ -171,7 +164,7 @@ formatting.
 | Rust |  cargo !! (see `:help ale-integration-rust` for configuration instructions), [rls](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rls), [rustc](https://www.rust-lang.org/), [rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustfmt) |
 | SASS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
 | SCSS | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [scss-lint](https://github.com/brigade/scss-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| Scala | [fsc](https://www.scala-lang.org/old/sites/default/files/linuxsoft_archives/docu/files/tools/fsc.html), [scalac](http://scala-lang.org), [scalafmt](https://scalameta.org/scalafmt/), [scalastyle](http://www.scalastyle.org) |
+| Scala | [fsc](https://www.scala-lang.org/old/sites/default/files/linuxsoft_archives/docu/files/tools/fsc.html), [scalac](http://scala-lang.org), [scalastyle](http://www.scalastyle.org) |
 | Slim | [slim-lint](https://github.com/sds/slim-lint) |
 | SML | [smlnj](http://www.smlnj.org/) |
 | Solidity | [solhint](https://github.com/protofire/solhint), [solium](https://github.com/duaraghav8/Solium) |
@@ -187,11 +180,10 @@ formatting.
 | Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
 | Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
 | Vim help^ | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [vls](https://github.com/vuejs/vetur/tree/master/server) |
+| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
 | XHTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
 | XML | [xmllint](http://xmlsoft.org/xmllint.html) |
 | YAML | [swaglint](https://github.com/byCedric/swaglint), [yamllint](https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/) |
-| YANG | [yang-lsp](https://github.com/theia-ide/yang-lsp) |

 <a name="usage"></a>

@@ -261,7 +253,7 @@ See `:help ale-fix` for complete information on how to fix files with ALE.

 ALE offers some support for completion via hijacking of omnicompletion while you
 type. All of ALE's completion information must come from Language Server
-Protocol linters, or from `tsserver` for TypeScript.
+Protocol linters, or from `tsserver` for TypeSript.

 ```vim
 " Enable completion where available.
@@ -757,9 +749,8 @@ ALE cannot easily detect which compiler flags to use.

 Some tools and build configurations can generate
 [compile_commands.json](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html)
-files. The `cppcheck`, `clangcheck`, `clangtidy` and `cquery` linters can read
-these files for automatically determining the appropriate compiler flags to
-use.
+files. The `cppcheck`, `clangcheck` and `clangtidy` linters can read these
+files for automatically determining the appropriate compiler flags to use.

 For linting with compilers like `gcc` and `clang`, and with other tools, you
 will need to tell ALE which compiler flags to use yourself. You can use
--- a/ale_linters/apiblueprint/drafter.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/apiblueprint/drafter.vim
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('apiblueprint', {
 \   'name': 'drafter',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'drafter',
-\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate',
+\   'command': 'drafter --use-line-num --validate %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#apiblueprint#drafter#HandleErrors',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/asciidoc/write-good.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/asciidoc/write-good.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('asciidoc', {
+\   'name': 'write-good',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/asciidoc/writegood.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/asciidoc/writegood.vim
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for AsciiDoc files
-
-call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('asciidoc')
--- a/ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim
@@ -4,10 +4,15 @@
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('asm_gcc_options', '-Wall')

+function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
-    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \    . ' -x assembler -fsyntax-only '
+    \    . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
+    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'asm_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('asm', {
 \    'name': 'gcc',
 \    'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\    'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('asm_gcc_executable'),
+\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetExecutable',
 \    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand',
 \    'callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/awk/gawk.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/awk/gawk.vim
@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
 " Author: kmarc <korondi.mark@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for using GNU awk with sripts.

-call ale#Set('awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
-call ale#Set('awk_gawk_options', '')
+let g:ale_awk_gawk_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_executable', 'gawk')
+
+let g:ale_awk_gawk_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_awk_gawk_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " note the --source 'BEGIN ...' is to prevent
    " gawk from attempting to execute the body of the script
    " it is linting.
-    return '%e --source ' . ale#Escape('BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }')
-    \   .  ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options'))
-    \   . ' -f %t --lint /dev/null'
+    return ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . " --source 'BEGIN { exit } END { exit 1 }'"
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'awk_gawk_options')
+    \   . ' ' . '-f %t --lint /dev/null'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('awk', {
 \   'name': 'gawk',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('awk_gawk_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gawk#HandleGawkFormat',
 \   'output_stream': 'both'
--- a/ale_linters/c/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/clang.vim
@@ -4,24 +4,29 @@
 call ale#Set('c_clang_executable', 'clang')
 call ale#Set('c_clang_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')

+function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)

    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
-    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
-    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options')) . ' -'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
+    \   . l:cflags
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clang_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clang_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand'}
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/c/clangd.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/clangd.vim
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Andrey Melentyev <andrey.melentyev@protonmail.com>
-" Description: Clangd language server
-
-call ale#Set('c_clangd_executable', 'clangd')
-call ale#Set('c_clangd_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
-    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangd_options'))
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('c', {
-\   'name': 'clangd',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangd_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/c/clangtidy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/clangtidy.vim
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('c_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')

+function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
    " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
    " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
        return l:build_dir
    endif

-    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
+    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -43,7 +47,7 @@ function! ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_clangtidy_options')
    \   : ''

-    return '%e'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
    \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
    \   . ' %s'
    \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangtidy_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('c_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')

+function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
    "
@@ -19,7 +23,8 @@ function! ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   : ''

    return l:cd_command
-    \   . '%e -q --language=c '
+    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -q --language=c '
    \   . l:compile_commands_option
    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cppcheck_options')
    \   . ' %t'
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cppcheck_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/c/cquery.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/cquery.vim
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Ben Falconer <ben@falconers.me.uk>, jtalowell <jtalowell@protonmail.com>
-" Description: A language server for C
-
-call ale#Set('c_cquery_executable', 'cquery')
-call ale#Set('c_cquery_cache_directory', expand('~/.cache/cquery'))
-
-function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
-    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
-    return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_cquery_cache_directory')}
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('c', {
-\   'name': 'cquery',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cquery_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/c/flawfinder.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/flawfinder.vim
@@ -6,12 +6,18 @@ call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)

+function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+
   " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
   let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_minlevel')

-   return '%e -CDQS'
-   \  . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options'))
+   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+   \  . ' -CDQS'
+   \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options')
   \  . l:minlevel
   \  . ' %t'
 endfunction
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_flawfinder_executable'),
+\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/c/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/c/gcc.vim
@@ -4,24 +4,29 @@
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('c_gcc_options', '-std=c11 -Wall')

+function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)

    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
-    return '%e -S -x c -fsyntax-only'
-    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options')) . ' -'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -S -x c -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
+    \   . l:cflags
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_gcc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand'}
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim
@@ -6,10 +6,17 @@
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_executable', 'foodcritic')
 call ale#Set('chef_foodcritic_options', '')

+function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'chef_foodcritic_options')

-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(escape(l:options, '~')) . ' %s'
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . escape(l:options, '~') : '')
+    \   . ' %s'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -34,7 +41,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('chef', {
 \   'name': 'foodcritic',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('chef_foodcritic_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/clojure/joker.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/clojure/joker.vim
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('clojure', {
 \   'name': 'joker',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'joker',
-\   'command': 'joker --working-dir %s --lint %t',
+\   'command': 'joker --lint %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#clojure#joker#HandleJokerFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cloudformation/cfn_python_lint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cloudformation/cfn_python_lint.vim
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Yasuhiro Kiyota <yasuhiroki.duck@gmail.com>
-" Description: Support cfn-python-lint for AWS Cloudformation template file
-
-function! ale_linters#cloudformation#cfn_python_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-    " Matches patterns line the following:
-    "
-    " sample.template.yaml:96:7:96:15:E3012:Property Resources/Sample/Properties/FromPort should be of type Integer
-    let l:pattern = '\v^(.*):(\d+):(\d+):(\d+):(\d+):([[:alnum:]]+):(.*)$'
-    let l:output = []
-
-    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
-        let l:code = l:match[6]
-
-        if ale#path#IsBufferPath(a:buffer, l:match[1])
-            call add(l:output, {
-            \   'lnum': l:match[2],
-            \   'col': l:match[3],
-            \   'end_lnum': l:match[4],
-            \   'end_col': l:match[5],
-            \   'code': l:code,
-            \   'type': l:code[:0] is# 'E' ? 'E' : 'W',
-            \   'text': l:match[7]
-            \})
-        endif
-    endfor
-
-    return l:output
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('cloudformation', {
-\   'name': 'cloudformation',
-\   'executable': 'cfn-lint',
-\   'command': 'cfn-lint --template %t --format parseable',
-\   'callback': 'ale_linters#cloudformation#cfn_python_lint#Handle',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim
@@ -4,24 +4,29 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_executable', 'clang++')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clang_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)

    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
-    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
-    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options')) . ' -'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
+    \   . l:cflags
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clang_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clang_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/clangcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/clangcheck.vim
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_executable', 'clang-check')
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangcheck_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:user_options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangcheck_options')

@@ -12,22 +16,23 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:build_dir = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_build_dir')

    if empty(l:build_dir)
-        let l:build_dir = ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
+        let l:build_dir = ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
    endif

    " The extra arguments in the command are used to prevent .plist files from
    " being generated. These are only added if no build directory can be
    " detected.
-    return '%e -analyze %s'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -analyze %s'
    \   . (empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -extra-arg -Xclang -extra-arg -analyzer-output=text' : '')
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:user_options)
+    \   . (!empty(l:user_options) ? ' ' . l:user_options : '')
    \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangcheck_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_checks', ['*'])
 call ale#Set('cpp_clangtidy_options', '')
 call ale#Set('c_build_dir', '')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
    " Don't include build directory for header files, as compile_commands.json
    " files don't consider headers to be translation units, and provide no
@@ -25,7 +29,7 @@ function! s:GetBuildDirectory(buffer) abort
        return l:build_dir
    endif

-    return ale#path#Dirname(ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer))
+    return ale#c#FindCompileCommands(a:buffer)
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   ? ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_clangtidy_options')
    \   : ''

-    return '%e'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
    \   . (!empty(l:checks) ? ' -checks=' . ale#Escape(l:checks) : '')
    \   . ' %s'
    \   . (!empty(l:build_dir) ? ' -p ' . ale#Escape(l:build_dir) : '')
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangtidy_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_executable', 'cppcheck')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cppcheck_options', '--enable=style')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Search upwards from the file for compile_commands.json.
    "
@@ -19,7 +23,8 @@ function! ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   : ''

    return l:cd_command
-    \   . '%e -q --language=c++ '
+    \   . ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -q --language=c++ '
    \   . l:compile_commands_option
    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cppcheck_options')
    \   . ' %t'
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cppcheck_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/cpplint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/cpplint.vim
@@ -4,16 +4,22 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_executable', 'cpplint')
 call ale#Set('cpp_cpplint_options', '')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cpplint_options')

-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' %s'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' %s'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cpplint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cpplint_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cpplint#HandleCppLintFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/cquery.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/cquery.vim
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Ben Falconer <ben@falconers.me.uk>
-" Description: A language server for C++
-
-call ale#Set('cpp_cquery_executable', 'cquery')
-call ale#Set('cpp_cquery_cache_directory', expand('~/.cache/cquery'))
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'compile_commands.json')
-
-    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, ':h') : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
-    return {'cacheDirectory': ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_cquery_cache_directory')}
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
-\   'name': 'cquery',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cquery_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/flawfinder.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/flawfinder.vim
@@ -6,11 +6,17 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_options', '')
 call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)

+function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+   return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+
   " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
   let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_minlevel')

-   return '%e -CDQS'
+   return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+   \  . ' -CDQS'
   \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_options')
   \  . l:minlevel
   \  . ' %t'
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_flawfinder_executable'),
+\  'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetExecutable',
 \  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand',
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim
@@ -4,25 +4,30 @@
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
 call ale#Set('cpp_gcc_options', '-std=c++14 -Wall')

+function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
    let l:cflags = ale#c#GetCFlags(a:buffer, a:output)

    " -iquote with the directory the file is in makes #include work for
    "  headers in the same directory.
-    return '%e -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only'
-    \   . ' -iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h'))
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:cflags)
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options')) . ' -'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -S -x c++ -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . '-iquote ' . ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')) . ' '
+    \   . l:cflags
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_gcc_options') . ' -'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'aliases': ['g++'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_gcc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 let g:ale_cs_mcs_options = get(g:, 'ale_cs_mcs_options', '')

 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options')
-
-    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse'
-    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
-    \   . ' %t'
+    return 'mcs -unsafe --parse ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcs_options') . ' %t'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
--- a/ale_linters/cs/mcsc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cs/mcsc.vim
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ function! ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   : ''

    " register temporary module target file with ale
-    " register temporary module target file with ALE.
-    let l:out = ale#engine#CreateFile(a:buffer)
+    let l:out = tempname()
+    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:out)

    " The code is compiled as a module and the output is redirected to a
    " temporary file.
    return ale#path#CdString(s:GetWorkingDirectory(a:buffer))
    \    . 'mcs -unsafe'
-    \    . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options'))
-    \    . ale#Pad(l:lib_option)
-    \    . ale#Pad(l:r_option)
+    \    . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cs_mcsc_options')
+    \    . ' ' . l:lib_option
+    \    . ' ' . l:r_option
    \    . ' -out:' . l:out
    \    . ' -t:module'
    \    . ' -recurse:' . ale#Escape('*.cs')
--- a/ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim
@@ -4,16 +4,21 @@ call ale#Set('css_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('css_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e ' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options'))
+    return ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'css_stylelint_options')
    \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('css_stylelint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/cuda/nvcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/cuda/nvcc.vim
@@ -4,15 +4,20 @@
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_executable', 'nvcc')
 call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_options', '-std=c++11')

+function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Unused: use ale#util#nul_file
-    " let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname() . '.ii'
+    " let l:output_file = tempname() . '.ii'
    " call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)

-    return '%e -cuda'
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)))
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options'))
-    \   . ' %s -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -cuda '
+    \   . ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer))
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options') . ' %s'
+    \   . ' -o ' . g:ale#util#nul_file
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cuda', {
 \   'name': 'nvcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cuda_nvcc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/dart/dartanalyzer.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/dart/dartanalyzer.vim
@@ -3,10 +3,15 @@

 call ale#Set('dart_dartanalyzer_executable', 'dartanalyzer')

+function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_dartanalyzer_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
    let l:path = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.packages')

-    return '%e'
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
    \   . (!empty(l:path) ? ' --packages ' . ale#Escape(l:path) : '')
    \   . ' %s'
 endfunction
@@ -29,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'dartanalyzer',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_dartanalyzer_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/dart/language_server.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/dart/language_server.vim
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@

 call ale#Set('dart_language_server_executable', 'dart_language_server')

+function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'dart_language_server_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
    " Note: pub only looks for pubspec.yaml, there's no point in adding
    " support for pubspec.yml
@@ -14,7 +18,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'language_server',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_language_server_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetExecutable',
+\   'language': 'dart',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/elixir/dialyxir.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elixir/dialyxir.vim
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'dialyxir',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command': 'mix help dialyzer && mix dialyzer',
+\   'command': 'mix dialyzer',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#Handle',
 \})

--- a/ale_linters/elixir/mix.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elixir/mix.vim
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-" Author: evnu - https://github.com/evnu
-" Author: colbydehart - https://github.com/colbydehart
-" Description: Mix compile checking for Elixir files
-
-function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-    " Matches patterns like the following:
-    "
-    " Error format
-    " ** (CompileError) apps/sim/lib/sim/server.ex:87: undefined function update_in/4
-    "
-    " TODO: Warning format
-    " warning: variable "foobar" does not exist and is being expanded to "foobar()", please use parentheses to remove the ambiguity or change the variable name
-
-    let l:pattern = '\v\(([^\)]+Error)\) ([^:]+):([^:]+): (.+)$'
-    let l:output = []
-
-    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
-        let l:type = 'E'
-        let l:text = l:match[4]
-
-        call add(l:output, {
-        \   'bufnr': a:buffer,
-        \   'lnum': l:match[3] + 0,
-        \   'col': 0,
-        \   'type': l:type,
-        \   'text': l:text,
-        \})
-    endfor
-
-    return l:output
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:mix_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'mix.exs')
-    if !empty(l:mix_file)
-      return fnamemodify(l:mix_file, ':p:h')
-    endif
-    return '.'
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:project_root = ale_linters#elixir#mix#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
-
-    let l:temp_dir = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
-
-    let l:mix_build_path = has('win32')
-    \   ? 'set MIX_BUILD_PATH=' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir) . ' &&'
-    \   : 'MIX_BUILD_PATH=' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir)
-
-    return ale#path#CdString(l:project_root)
-          \ . l:mix_build_path
-          \ . ' mix compile %s'
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
-\   'name': 'mix',
-\   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/elm/make.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/elm/make.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 call ale#Set('elm_make_executable', 'elm')
 call ale#Set('elm_make_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'elm_make', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/elm',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:output = []
    let l:unparsed_lines = []
@@ -122,7 +128,14 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#HandleElm018Line(line, output) abort
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#elm#make#FileIsBuffer(path) abort
-    return ale#path#IsTempName(a:path)
+    let l:is_windows = has('win32')
+    let l:temp_dir = l:is_windows ? $TMP : $TMPDIR
+
+    if has('win32')
+        return a:path[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is? l:temp_dir
+    else
+        return a:path[0:len(l:temp_dir) - 1] is# l:temp_dir
+    endif
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(message) abort
@@ -130,7 +143,7 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessage(message) abort
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessageItem(item) abort
-    if type(a:item) is v:t_string
+    if type(a:item) == type('')
        return a:item
    else
        return a:item.string
@@ -141,6 +154,7 @@ endfunction
 " If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
 function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm.json')
+    let l:elm_exe = ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(a:buffer)

    if empty(l:elm_json)
        " Fallback to Elm 0.18
@@ -158,15 +172,18 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " a sort of flag to tell the compiler not to generate an output file,
    " which is why this is hard coded here.
    " Source: https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-compiler/blob/19d5a769b30ec0b2fc4475985abb4cd94cd1d6c3/builder/src/Generate/Output.hs#L253
-    return l:dir_set_cmd . '%e make --report=json --output=/dev/null %t'
+    let l:elm_cmd = ale#Escape(l:elm_exe)
+    \   . ' make'
+    \   . ' --report=json'
+    \   . ' --output=/dev/null'
+
+    return l:dir_set_cmd . ' ' . l:elm_cmd . ' %t'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
-\   'name': 'make',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('elm_make', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/elm',
-\   ]),
-\   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
+\    'name': 'make',
+\    'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable',
+\    'output_stream': 'both',
+\    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
+\    'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 let g:ale_erlang_erlc_options = get(g:, 'ale_erlang_erlc_options', '')

 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname()
+    let l:output_file = tempname()
    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)

    return 'erlc -o ' . ale#Escape(l:output_file)
--- a/ale_linters/erlang/syntaxerl.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/erlang/syntaxerl.vim
@@ -3,12 +3,24 @@

 call ale#Set('erlang_syntaxerl_executable', 'syntaxerl')

+
+function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_syntaxerl_executable')
+endfunction
+
+
+function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck(buffer) abort
+    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . ' -h'
+endfunction
+
+
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
    let l:use_b_option = match(a:output, '\C\V-b, --base\>') > -1

-    return '%e' . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
+    return s:GetEscapedExecutable(a:buffer) . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
 endfunction

+
 function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:pattern = '\v\C:(\d+):( warning:)? (.+)'
    let l:loclist = []
@@ -24,11 +36,17 @@ function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    return l:loclist
 endfunction

+
+function! s:GetEscapedExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+endfunction
+
+
 call ale#linter#Define('erlang', {
 \   'name': 'syntaxerl',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('erlang_syntaxerl_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': {-> '%e -h'}},
+\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#FeatureCheck'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand'},
 \   ],
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle',
--- a/ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim
@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@
 " Description: gcc for Fortran files

 " This option can be set to 0 to use -ffixed-form
-call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_use_free_form', 1)
-call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_executable', 'gcc')
+if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
+    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_use_free_form = 1
+endif
+
+if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable')
+    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_executable = 'gcc'
+endif
+
 " Set this option to change the GCC options for warnings for Fortran.
-call ale#Set('fortran_gcc_options', '-Wall')
+if !exists('g:ale_fortran_gcc_options')
+    let g:ale_fortran_gcc_options = '-Wall'
+endif

 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " We have to match a starting line and a later ending line together,
@@ -53,20 +61,26 @@ function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    return l:output
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:layout_option = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_use_free_form')
    \   ? '-ffree-form'
    \   : '-ffixed-form'

-    return '%e -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only ' . l:layout_option
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options'))
-    \   . ' -'
+    return ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' -S -x f95 -fsyntax-only '
+    \   . l:layout_option . ' '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fortran_gcc_options') . ' '
+    \   . '-'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_gcc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/fortran/language_server.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/fortran/language_server.vim
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-" Author: unpairedbracket ben.spiers22@gmail.com
-" Description: A language server for fortran
-
-call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_executable', 'fortls')
-call ale#Set('fortran_language_server_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
-
-function! ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:fortls_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.fortls')
-
-    return !empty(l:fortls_file) ? fnamemodify(l:fortls_file, ':h') : ''
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
-\   'name': 'language_server',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_language_server_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/fuse/fusionlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/fuse/fusionlint.vim
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 " Author: RyanSquared <vandor2012@gmail.com>
 " Description: `fusion-lint` linter for FusionScript files

-call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
-call ale#Set('fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
+let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_executable', 'fusion-lint')
+
+let g:ale_fuse_fusionlint_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_fuse_fusionlint_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options'))
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'fuse_fusionlint_options')
    \   . ' --filename %s -i'
 endfunction

@@ -27,7 +35,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('fuse', {
 \   'name': 'fusionlint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fuse_fusionlint_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/gitcommit/gitlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/gitcommit/gitlint.vim
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 " Author: Nick Yamane <nick.diego@gmail.com>
 " Description: gitlint for git commit message files

-call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
-call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
-call ale#Set('gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_executable', 'gitlint')
+let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_options', '')
+let g:ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global = get(g:, 'ale_gitcommit_gitlint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+

 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
    return ale#python#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint', ['gitlint'])
@@ -11,10 +13,13 @@ endfunction

 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'gitcommit_gitlint_options')
-
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' lint'
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' lint'
 endfunction

+
 function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns line the following:
    let l:pattern = '\v^(\d+): (\w+) (.*)$'
@@ -23,10 +28,6 @@ function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        let l:code = l:match[2]

-        if l:code is# 'T2' && !ale#Var(a:buffer, 'warn_about_trailing_whitespace')
-            continue
-        endif
-
        let l:item = {
        \   'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
        \   'text': l:match[3],
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ function! ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    return l:output
 endfunction

+
 call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'name': 'gitlint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
@@ -47,3 +49,4 @@ call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle',
 \})
+
--- a/ale_linters/glsl/glslang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/glsl/glslang.vim
@@ -4,13 +4,19 @@
 " TODO: Once https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang/pull/1047 is accepted,
 " we can use stdin.

-call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
-call ale#Set('glsl_glslang_options', '')
+let g:ale_glsl_glslang_executable =
+\ get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_executable', 'glslangValidator')
+
+let g:ale_glsl_glslang_options = get(g:, 'ale_glsl_glslang_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e'
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options'))
-    \   . ' -C %t'
+    return ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslang_options')
+    \   . ' ' . '-C %t'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslang',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslang_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/glsl/glslls.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/glsl/glslls.vim
@@ -4,15 +4,18 @@
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_executable', 'glslls')
 call ale#Set('glsl_glslls_logfile', '')

+function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
    let l:logfile = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'glsl_glslls_logfile')
    let l:logfile_args = ''
-
    if l:logfile isnot# ''
        let l:logfile_args = ' --verbose -l ' . l:logfile
    endif
-
-    return '%e' . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . l:logfile_args . ' --stdin'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
@@ -24,7 +27,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslls_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand',
+\   'language': 'glsl',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'gobuild',
-\   'aliases': ['go build'],
+\   'name': 'go build',
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \     {'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GoEnv', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
--- a/ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_options', '')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_executable', 'gometalinter')
 call ale#Set('go_gometalinter_lint_package', 0)

+function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
    let l:filename = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t')
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_options')
    let l:lint_package = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_gometalinter_lint_package')
@@ -14,12 +19,12 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " be calculated to absolute paths in the Handler
    if l:lint_package
        return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-        \   . '%e'
+        \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
        \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
    endif

    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \   . '%e'
+    \   . ale#Escape(l:executable)
    \   . ' --include=' . ale#Escape(ale#util#EscapePCRE(l:filename))
    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '') . ' .'
 endfunction
@@ -50,7 +55,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gometalinter',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_gometalinter_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/go/gotype.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/gotype.vim
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@

 function! ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    if expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p') =~# '_test\.go$'
-        return ''
+        return
    endif

+
    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer) . ' gotype .'
 endfunction

--- a/ale_linters/go/govet.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/go/govet.vim
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ function! ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
-\   'name': 'govet',
-\   'aliases': ['go vet'],
+\   'name': 'go vet',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'go',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand',
--- a/ale_linters/hack/hack.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/hack/hack.vim
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
-" Description: Hack support via `hack lsp`
-
-call ale#Set('hack_hack_executable', 'hh_client')
-
-function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
-
-    return !empty(l:hhconfig) ? fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h') : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hack_executable')
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
-\   'name': 'hack',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable',
-\   'command': '%e lsp --from vim-ale',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/hack/hhast.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/hack/hhast.vim
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Fred Emmott <fe@fb.com>
-" Description: Hack support via `hhast lsp`
-
-call ale#Set('hack_hhast_executable', 'vendor/bin/hhast-lint')
-
-function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    " Find the hack root, then figure out if it's also an HHAST root.
-    " Don't try to use lint configurations from vendor/foo/bar/hhast-lint.json
-    let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
-
-    if empty(l:hhconfig)
-      return ''
-    endif
-
-    let l:root = fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h')
-    let l:hhast_config = findfile('hhast-lint.json', l:root)
-
-    return !empty(l:hhast_config) ? l:root : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    let l:root = ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(a:buffer)
-    let l:relative = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'hack_hhast_executable')
-    let l:absolute = findfile(l:relative, l:root)
-
-    return !empty(l:absolute) ? l:absolute : ''
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions(buffer) abort
-    return {'lintMode': 'open-files'}
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
-\   'name': 'hhast',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable',
-\   'command': '%e --mode lsp --from vim-ale',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@
 call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_executable', 'ember-template-lint')
 call ale#Set('handlebars_embertemplatelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \   . ' --json %t'
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    let l:output = []
    let l:json = ale#util#FuzzyJSONDecode(a:lines, {})
@@ -31,9 +42,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('handlebars', {
 \   'name': 'ember-template-lint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
-\   ]),
-\   'command': '%e --json %t',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/cabal_ghc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/cabal_ghc.vim
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Eric Wolf <ericwolf42@gmail.com>
-" Description: ghc for Haskell files called with cabal exec
-
-call ale#Set('haskell_cabal_ghc_options', '-fno-code -v0')
-
-function! ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return 'cabal exec -- ghc '
-    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_cabal_ghc_options')
-    \   . ' %t'
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'cabal_ghc',
-\   'aliases': ['cabal-ghc'],
-\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable': 'cabal',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/ghc-mod.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/ghc-mod.vim
@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@
 " Description: ghc-mod for Haskell files

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'ghc_mod',
-\   'aliases': ['ghc-mod'],
+\   'name': 'ghc-mod',
 \   'executable': 'ghc-mod',
 \   'command': 'ghc-mod --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack_ghc_mod',
-\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc-mod'],
+\   'name': 'stack-ghc-mod',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack exec ghc-mod -- --map-file %s=%t check %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim
@@ -4,14 +4,19 @@
 call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_executable', 'hdevtools')
 call ale#Set('haskell_hdevtools_options', get(g:, 'hdevtools_options', '-g -Wall'))

+function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e check' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options'))
-    \ . ' -p %s %t'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+        \ . ' check ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hdevtools_options')
+        \ . ' -p %s %t'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hdevtools',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hdevtools_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/hie.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/hie.vim
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Luxed <devildead13@gmail.com>
-" Description: A language server for Haskell
-
-call ale#Set('haskell_hie_executable', 'hie')
-
-function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
-    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hie_executable')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    " Search for the stack file first
-    let l:project_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'stack.yaml')
-
-    " If it's empty, search for the cabal file
-    if empty(l:project_file)
-        let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')
-        let l:paths = ''
-
-        while empty(matchstr(l:cabal_file, '^\(\/\|\(\w:\\\)\)$'))
-            let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(l:cabal_file, ':h')
-            let l:paths = l:paths . l:cabal_file . ','
-        endwhile
-
-        let l:project_file = globpath(l:paths, '*.cabal')
-    endif
-
-    " Either extract the project directory or take the current working
-    " directory
-    if !empty(l:project_file)
-        let l:project_file = fnamemodify(l:project_file, ':h')
-    else
-        let l:project_file = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
-    endif
-
-    return l:project_file
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'hie',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'command': '%e --lsp',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetExecutable',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/stack_build.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/stack_build.vim
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ function! ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack_build',
-\   'aliases': ['stack-build'],
+\   'name': 'stack-build',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand',
--- a/ale_linters/haskell/stack_ghc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/haskell/stack_ghc.vim
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 " Description: ghc for Haskell files, using Stack

 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
-\   'name': 'stack_ghc',
-\   'aliases': ['stack-ghc'],
+\   'name': 'stack-ghc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'stack',
 \   'command': 'stack ghc -- -fno-code -v0 %t',
--- a/ale_linters/help/write-good.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/help/write-good.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for vim Help files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('help', {
+\   'name': 'write-good',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/help/writegood.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/help/writegood.vim
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for vim Help files
-
-call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('help')
--- a/ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_executable', 'htmlhint')
 call ale#Set('html_htmlhint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_htmlhint_options')
    let l:config = l:options !~# '--config'
@@ -19,14 +25,14 @@ function! ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
        let l:options = substitute(l:options, '--format=unix', '', '')
    endif

-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --format=unix %t'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' --format=unix %t'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'htmlhint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('html_htmlhint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/html/tidy.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/tidy.vim
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 " Author: KabbAmine <amine.kabb@gmail.com>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking HTML code with tidy.

+" CLI options
 let g:ale_html_tidy_executable = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_executable', 'tidy')
-let g:ale_html_tidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_options', '-q -e -language en')
+" remove in 2.0
+" Look for the old _args variable first.
+let s:deprecation_warning_echoed = 0
+let s:default_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_args', '-q -e -language en')
+let g:ale_html_tidy_options = get(g:, 'ale_html_tidy_options', s:default_options)

 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    " remove in 2.0
+    if exists('g:ale_html_tidy_args') && !s:deprecation_warning_echoed
+        execute 'echom ''Rename your g:ale_html_tidy_args setting to g:ale_html_tidy_options instead. Support for this will removed in ALE 2.0.'''
+        let s:deprecation_warning_echoed = 1
+    endif
+
    " Specify file encoding in options
    " (Idea taken from https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic/blob/master/syntax_checkers/html/tidy.vim)
    let l:file_encoding = get({
@@ -37,6 +48,10 @@ function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \)
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'html_tidy_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns lines like the following:
    " line 7 column 5 - Warning: missing </title> before </head>
@@ -63,7 +78,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'tidy',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('html_tidy_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetExecutable',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle',
--- a/ale_linters/html/write-good.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/write-good.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for nroff files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('html', {
+\   'name': 'write-good',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/html/writegood.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/html/writegood.vim
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for html files
-
-call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('html')
--- a/ale_linters/idris/idris.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/idris/idris.vim
@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_executable', 'idris')
 call ale#Set('idris_idris_options', '--total --warnpartial --warnreach --warnipkg')

+function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'idris_idris_options')

-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --check %s'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' --check %s'
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -74,7 +80,8 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('idris', {
 \   'name': 'idris',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('idris_idris_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle',
 \})
+
--- a/ale_linters/java/javac.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/java/javac.vim
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ function! s:BuildClassPathOption(buffer, import_paths) abort
    \   : ''
 endfunction

+function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort
    let l:cp_option = s:BuildClassPathOption(a:buffer, a:import_paths)
    let l:sp_option = ''
@@ -73,15 +77,17 @@ function! ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand(buffer, import_paths) abort

    " Create .class files in a temporary directory, which we will delete later.
    let l:class_file_directory = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable(a:buffer)

    " Always run javac from the directory the file is in, so we can resolve
    " relative paths correctly.
    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \ . '%e -Xlint'
-    \ . ale#Pad(l:cp_option)
-    \ . ale#Pad(l:sp_option)
+    \ . ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \ . ' -Xlint'
+    \ . ' ' . l:cp_option
+    \ . ' ' . l:sp_option
    \ . ' -d ' . ale#Escape(l:class_file_directory)
-    \ . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options'))
+    \ . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'java_javac_options')
    \ . ' %t'
 endfunction

@@ -120,7 +126,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('java', {
 \   'name': 'javac',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('java_javac_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_chain': [
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetImportPaths', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
 \       {'callback': 'ale_linters#java#javac#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/flow_ls.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/flow_ls.vim
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-" Author: t_t <jamestthompson3@gmail.com>
-" Description: Integrate ALE with flow-language-server.
-
-call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_executable', 'flow')
-call ale#Set('javascript_flow_ls_use_global',
-\    get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0)
-\)
-
-function! ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:flow_config = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.flowconfig')
-
-    if !empty(l:flow_config)
-        return fnamemodify(l:flow_config, ':h')
-    endif
-
-    return ''
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
-\   'name': 'flow-language-server',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_flow_ls', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/flow',
-\   ]),
-\   'command': '%e lsp --from ale-lsp',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#flow_ls#FindProjectRoot',
-\   'language': 'javascript',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/jscs.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_executable', 'jscs')
 call ale#Set('javascript_jscs_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jscs', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
    let l:jscs_config = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
@@ -12,7 +18,8 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   get(g:, 'ale_jscs_config_loc', '')
    \)

-    let l:command = '%e --reporter inline --no-colors'
+    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    let l:command .= ' --reporter inline --no-colors'

    if !empty(l:jscs_config)
        let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jscs_config)
@@ -53,9 +60,8 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jscs',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jscs', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/jscs',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jscs#Handle',
 \})
+
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/jshint.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@
 call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_executable', 'jshint')
 call ale#Set('javascript_jshint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'javascript_jshint', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    " Search for a local JShint config locaation, and default to a global one.
    let l:jshint_config = ale#path#ResolveLocalPath(
@@ -12,7 +18,8 @@ function! ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    \   get(g:, 'ale_jshint_config_loc', '')
    \)

-    let l:command = '%e --reporter unix --extract auto'
+    let l:command = ale#Escape(ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    let l:command .= ' --reporter unix --extract auto'

    if !empty(l:jshint_config)
        let l:command .= ' --config ' . ale#Escape(l:jshint_config)
@@ -25,9 +32,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
 \   'name': 'jshint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_jshint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/jshint',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#javascript#jshint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/javascript/tsserver.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/javascript/tsserver.vim
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Chaucerbao, w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
-" Description: tsserver integration for ALE
-
-call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_executable', 'tsserver')
-call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_config_path', '')
-call ale#Set('javascript_tsserver_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
-
-call ale#linter#Define('javascript', {
-\   'name': 'tsserver',
-\   'lsp': 'tsserver',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('javascript_tsserver', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/tsserver',
-\   ]),
-\   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': {-> ''},
-\   'language': '',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/kotlin/languageserver.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/kotlin/languageserver.vim
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-" Author: MTDL9 <https://github.com/MTDL9>
-" Description: Support for the Kotlin language server https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer
-
-call ale#Set('kotlin_languageserver_executable', 'kotlin-language-server')
-
-function! ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
-    let l:gradle_root = ale#gradle#FindProjectRoot(a:buffer)
-
-    if !empty(l:gradle_root)
-        return l:gradle_root
-    endif
-
-    let l:maven_pom_file = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'pom.xml')
-
-    if !empty(l:maven_pom_file)
-        return fnamemodify(l:maven_pom_file, ':h')
-    endif
-
-    return ''
-endfunction
-
-call ale#linter#Define('kotlin', {
-\   'name': 'languageserver',
-\   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('kotlin_languageserver_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e',
-\   'language': 'kotlin',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#kotlin#languageserver#GetProjectRoot',
-\})
--- a/ale_linters/less/lessc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/less/lessc.vim
@@ -5,10 +5,21 @@ call ale#Set('less_lessc_executable', 'lessc')
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_options', '')
 call ale#Set('less_lessc_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_lessc', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e --no-color --lint'
-    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h'))
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options'))
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    let l:dir = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
+    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_lessc_options')
+
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . ' --no-color --lint'
+    \   . ' --include-path=' . ale#Escape(l:dir)
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
    \   . ' -'
 endfunction

@@ -38,9 +49,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'lessc',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_lessc', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/lessc',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#less#lessc#Handle',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
--- a/ale_linters/less/stylelint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/less/stylelint.vim
@@ -4,17 +4,24 @@ call ale#Set('less_stylelint_executable', 'stylelint')
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_options', '')
 call ale#Set('less_stylelint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint', [
+    \   'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'less_stylelint_options')

-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --stdin-filename %s'
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
+    \   . ' --stdin-filename %s'
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('less', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('less_stylelint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#less#stylelint#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/llvm/llc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/llvm/llc.vim
@@ -3,11 +3,22 @@

 call ale#Set('llvm_llc_executable', 'llc')

+function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'llvm_llc_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' -filetype=null -o='
+    \   . ale#Escape(g:ale#util#nul_file)
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors(buffer, lines) abort
    " Handle '{path}: {file}:{line}:{col}: error: {message}' format
    let l:pattern = '\v^[a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+: [^:]+:(\d+):(\d+): (.+)$'
+    let l:matches = ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)

-    return map(ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern), "{
+    return map(l:matches, "{
    \   'lnum': str2nr(v:val[1]),
    \   'col': str2nr(v:val[2]),
    \   'text': v:val[3],
@@ -17,8 +28,8 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('llvm', {
 \   'name': 'llc',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('llvm_llc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetExecutable',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': {-> '%e -filetype=null -o=' . g:ale#util#nul_file},
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#llvm#llc#HandleErrors',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/lua/luac.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/lua/luac.vim
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@

 call ale#Set('lua_luac_executable', 'luac')

+function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luac_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . ' -p - '
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns line the following:
    "
@@ -24,8 +33,8 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luac',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luac_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e -p -',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#GetCommand',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luac#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/lua/luacheck.vim
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 " Author: Sol Bekic https://github.com/s-ol
 " Description: luacheck linter for lua files

-call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
-call ale#Set('lua_luacheck_options', '')
+let g:ale_lua_luacheck_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_executable', 'luacheck')
+
+let g:ale_lua_luacheck_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_lua_luacheck_options', '')
+
+function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options'))
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'lua_luacheck_options')
    \   . ' --formatter plain --codes --filename %s -'
 endfunction

@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('lua', {
 \   'name': 'luacheck',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('lua_luacheck_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#lua#luacheck#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/remark_lint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/remark_lint.vim
@@ -1,15 +1,5 @@
-scriptencoding utf-8
 " Author rhysd https://rhysd.github.io/, Dirk Roorda (dirkroorda), Adrián González Rus (@adrigzr)
 " Description: remark-lint for Markdown files
-call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_executable', 'remark')
-call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
-call ale#Set('markdown_remark_lint_options', '')
-
-function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'markdown_remark_lint_options')
-
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(l:options) . ' --no-stdout --no-color'
-endfunction

 function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " matches: '  1:4  warning  Incorrect list-item indent: add 1 space  list-item-indent  remark-lint'
@@ -35,12 +25,10 @@ function! ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
-\   'name': 'remark_lint',
-\   'aliases': ['remark-lint'],
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('markdown_remark_lint', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/remark',
-\   ]),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#GetCommand',
+\   'name': 'remark-lint',
+\   'executable': 'remark',
+\   'command': 'remark --no-stdout --no-color %s',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#markdown#remark_lint#Handle',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/write-good.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/write-good.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for Markdown files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('markdown', {
+\   'name': 'write-good',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/markdown/writegood.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/markdown/writegood.vim
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for Markdown files
-
-call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('markdown')
--- a/ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/matlab/mlint.vim
@@ -1,7 +1,18 @@
 " Author: awlayton <alex@layton.in>
 " Description: mlint for MATLAB files

-call ale#Set('matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
+let g:ale_matlab_mlint_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_matlab_mlint_executable', 'mlint')
+
+function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'matlab_mlint_executable')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+
+    return l:executable . ' -id %t'
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Matches patterns like the following:
@@ -37,8 +48,8 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('matlab', {
 \   'name': 'mlint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('matlab_mlint_executable'),
-\   'command': '%e -id %t',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#GetCommand',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#matlab#mlint#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/mercury/mmc.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/mercury/mmc.vim
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@
 call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_executable', 'mmc')
 call ale#Set('mercury_mmc_options', '--make --output-compile-error-lines 100')

+function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'mercury_mmc_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:module_name = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t:r')

    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
-    \ . '%e --errorcheck-only '
+    \ . ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \ . ' --errorcheck-only '
    \ . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'mercury_mmc_options')
    \ . ' ' . l:module_name
 endfunction
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('mercury', {
 \   'name': 'mmc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('mercury_mmc_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#mercury#mmc#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
--- a/ale_linters/nasm/nasm.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nasm/nasm.vim
@@ -4,23 +4,32 @@
 call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_executable', 'nasm')
 call ale#Set('nasm_nasm_options', '')

-function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    " Note that NASM requires a trailing slash for the -I option.
-    let l:separator = has('win32') ? '\' : '/'
-    let l:path = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h') . l:separator
-    let l:output_null = has('win32') ? 'NUL' : '/dev/null'
+function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_executable')
+endfunction

-    return '%e -X gnu -I ' . ale#Escape(l:path)
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_options'))
+function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetOptions(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'nasm_nasm_options')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    " Note that NASM require a trailing slash to the -I option.
+    let l:executable = ale#Escape(ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    let l:separator = has('win32') ? '\' : '/'
+    let l:path = ale#Escape(fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h') . l:separator)
+    let l:options = ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetOptions(a:buffer)
+
+    return l:executable
+    \   . ' -X gnu'
+    \   . ' -I ' . l:path
+    \   . ' ' . l:options
    \   . ' %s'
-    \   . ' -o ' . l:output_null
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
    " Note that we treat 'fatal' as errors.
    let l:pattern = '^.\+:\(\d\+\): \([^:]\+\): \(.\+\)$'
    let l:output = []
-
    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
        call add(l:output, {
        \ 'lnum': l:match[1] + 0,
@@ -28,15 +37,14 @@ function! ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
        \ 'text': l:match[3],
        \})
    endfor
-
    return l:output
 endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('nasm', {
 \   'name': 'nasm',
+\   'executable': 'nasm',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('nasm_nasm_executable'),
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#nasm#nasm#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/nroff/write-good.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nroff/write-good.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
+" Description: write-good for nroff files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('nroff', {
+\   'name': 'write-good',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#GetCommand',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#writegood#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/nroff/writegood.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/nroff/writegood.vim
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-" Author: Sumner Evans <sumner.evans98@gmail.com>
-" Description: write-good for nroff files
-
-call ale#handlers#writegood#DefineLinter('nroff')
--- a/ale_linters/objc/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/objc/clang.vim
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('objc', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#objc#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/objcpp/clang.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/objcpp/clang.vim
@@ -19,5 +19,5 @@ call ale#linter#Define('objcpp', {
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'clang++',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#objcpp#clang#GetCommand',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/perl/perl.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/perl/perl.vim
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 " Author: Vincent Lequertier <https://github.com/SkySymbol>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking perl syntax

-call ale#Set('perl_perl_executable', 'perl')
-call ale#Set('perl_perl_options', '-c -Mwarnings -Ilib')
+let g:ale_perl_perl_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perl_executable', 'perl')
+
+let g:ale_perl_perl_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perl_options', '-c -Mwarnings -Ilib')
+
+function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#perl#perl#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_options')) . ' %t'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+    \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perl_options')
+    \   . ' %t'
 endfunction

 let s:begin_failed_skip_pattern = '\v' . join([
@@ -14,10 +23,6 @@ let s:begin_failed_skip_pattern = '\v' . join([
 \], '|')

 function! ale_linters#perl#perl#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
-    if empty(a:lines)
-        return []
-    endif
-
    let l:pattern = '\(.\+\) at \(.\+\) line \(\d\+\)'
    let l:output = []
    let l:basename = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':t')
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('perl', {
 \   'name': 'perl',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('perl_perl_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#GetExecutable',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perl#Handle',
--- a/ale_linters/perl/perlcritic.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/perl/perlcritic.vim
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 " Author: Vincent Lequertier <https://github.com/SkySymbol>, Chris Weyl <cweyl@alumni.drew.edu>
 " Description: This file adds support for checking perl with perl critic

-call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_executable', 'perlcritic')
-call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_profile', '.perlcriticrc')
-call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_options', '')
-call ale#Set('perl_perlcritic_showrules', 0)
+let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_executable =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_executable', 'perlcritic')
+
+let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_profile =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_profile', '.perlcriticrc')
+
+let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_options =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_options', '')
+
+let g:ale_perl_perlcritic_showrules =
+\   get(g:, 'ale_perl_perlcritic_showrules', 0)
+
+function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perlcritic_executable')
+endfunction

 function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetProfile(buffer) abort
    " first see if we've been overridden
@@ -28,11 +39,11 @@ function! ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetCommand(buffer) abort
    let l:profile = ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetProfile(a:buffer)
    let l:options = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'perl_perlcritic_options')

-    return '%e'
+    return ale#Escape(ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
    \   . ' --verbose ' . ale#Escape(l:critic_verbosity)
    \   . ' --nocolor'
    \   . (!empty(l:profile) ? ' --profile ' . ale#Escape(l:profile) : '')
-    \   . ale#Pad(l:options)
+    \   . (!empty(l:options) ? ' ' . l:options : '')
 endfunction


@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('perl', {
 \   'name': 'perlcritic',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('perl_perlcritic_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#perl#perlcritic#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/php/hack.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/hack.vim
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+" Author: Zefei Xuan <https://github.com/zefei>
+" Description: Hack type checking (http://hacklang.org/)
+
+function! ale_linters#php#hack#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:pattern = '^\(.*\):\(\d\+\):\(\d\+\),\(\d\+\): \(.\+])\)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        if a:buffer != bufnr(l:match[1])
+            continue
+        endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'text': l:match[5],
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('php', {
+\   'name': 'hack',
+\   'executable': 'hh_client',
+\   'command': 'hh_client --retries 0 --retry-if-init false',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#hack#Handle',
+\})
--- a/ale_linters/php/langserver.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/langserver.vim
@@ -4,6 +4,16 @@
 call ale#Set('php_langserver_executable', 'php-language-server.php')
 call ale#Set('php_langserver_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'php_langserver', [
+    \   'vendor/bin/php-language-server.php',
+    \])
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return 'php ' . ale#Escape(ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable(a:buffer))
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#php#langserver#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
    let l:git_path = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, '.git')

@@ -13,9 +23,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'langserver',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('php_langserver', [
-\       'vendor/bin/php-language-server.php',
-\   ]),
-\   'command': 'php %e',
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetExecutable',
+\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetCommand',
+\   'language': 'php',
 \   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#php#langserver#GetProjectRoot',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/php/phpcs.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/phpcs.vim
@@ -6,13 +6,23 @@ let g:ale_php_phpcs_standard = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpcs_standard', '')
 call ale#Set('php_phpcs_executable', 'phpcs')
 call ale#Set('php_phpcs_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))

+function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'php_phpcs', [
+    \   'vendor/bin/phpcs',
+    \   'phpcs'
+    \])
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+
    let l:standard = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpcs_standard')
    let l:standard_option = !empty(l:standard)
    \   ? '--standard=' . l:standard
    \   : ''

-    return '%e -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s' . ale#Pad(l:standard_option)
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . ' -s --report=emacs --stdin-path=%s ' . l:standard_option
 endfunction

 function! ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
@@ -40,10 +50,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpcs',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('php_phpcs', [
-\       'vendor/bin/phpcs',
-\       'phpcs'
-\   ]),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpcs#Handle',
 \})
--- a/ale_linters/php/phpmd.vim
+++ b/ale_linters/php/phpmd.vim
@@ -6,9 +6,16 @@ let g:ale_php_phpmd_executable = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpmd_executable', 'phpmd')
 " Set to change the ruleset
 let g:ale_php_phpmd_ruleset = get(g:, 'ale_php_phpmd_ruleset', 'cleancode,codesize,controversial,design,naming,unusedcode')

+function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    return ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_executable')
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-    return '%e %s text'
-    \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_ruleset'))
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . ' %s text '
+    \   . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'php_phpmd_ruleset')
    \   . ' --ignore-violations-on-exit %t'
 endfunction

@@ -32,7 +39,7 @@ endfunction

 call ale#linter#Define('php', {
 \   'name': 'phpmd',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('php_phpmd_executable'),
+\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetExecutable',
 \   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#GetCommand',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#php#phpmd#Handle',
 \})
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
w0rp	ae3b13d132	#1621 - Tolerate SetOptions calls when ALE is loaded in a weird way	2018-06-01 21:04:23 +01:00
w0rp	a8951cc802	Fix LSP message handling when the handler doesn't get strings, somehow	2018-06-01 14:49:23 +01:00
w0rp	fd49c2d207	Update the gitcommit documentation with more examples	2018-06-01 14:26:58 +01:00
w0rp	f66027c49e	Handle definition responses without files	2018-06-01 14:26:51 +01:00