Ignore compiled files from newer versions

javac linter: fix handling of error messages containing ':' character

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/report-a-bug.md

@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ Operating System: <!-- Describe your operating system version. -->
 
 <!-- Describe what went wrong here. Be specific. -->
 
-Something went wrong in specifically this place, and I also searched through
-both open and closed issues for the same problem before reporting a bug here.
+Something went wrong in specifically this place, and I also searched through both open and closed issues for the same problem before reporting a bug here.
+
+Are you having trouble configuring ALE? Try asking for help on [Stack Exchange](https://vi.stackexchange.com/) or perhaps on [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/vim/) instead. The GitHub issue tracker should be used for reporting bugs or asking for new features.
 
 ## Reproducing the bug
 

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Before creating a pull request, do the following.
 
 * Read the Contributing guide linked above first.
-* Read the documentation that comes with ALE with `:help ale-development`.
+* Read the documentation that comes with ALE with `:help ale-dev`.
 
 Have fun!
 -->
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ Have fun!
 Where are the tests? Have you added tests? Have you updated the tests? Read the
 comment above and the documentation referenced in it first. Write tests!
 
-Seriously, read `:help ale-development` and write tests.
+Seriously, read `:help ale-dev` and write tests.

.gitignore

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 !.editorconfig
 *.obj
+# Ignore all hidden files everywhere.
+# Use `git add -f` to add hidden files.
 .*
+__pycache__
+*.pyc
 /doc/tags
 /init.vim
 /test/ale-info-test-file

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-# Asynchronous Lint Engine [![Travis CI Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale) [![AppVeyor Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/r0ef1xu8xjmik58d/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/w0rp/ale)
+# Asynchronous Lint Engine [![Travis CI Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/w0rp/ale) [![AppVeyor Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/r0ef1xu8xjmik58d/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/w0rp/ale) [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/vim-ale/Lobby](https://badges.gitter.im/vim-ale/Lobby.svg)](https://gitter.im/vim-ale/Lobby?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 
 
 ![ALE Logo by Mark Grealish - https://www.bhalash.com/](img/logo.jpg?raw=true)
 
-ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting in NeoVim
-0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files, and acts as a Vim
-[Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/) client.
+ALE (Asynchronous Lint Engine) is a plugin for providing linting (checking
+syntax and semantics) in NeoVim 0.2.0+ and Vim 8 while you edit your text files,
+and acts as a Vim [Language Server Protocol](https://langserver.org/) client.
 
 <img src="img/example.gif?raw=true" alt="A linting example with the darkspectrum color scheme in GVim." title="A linting example with the darkspectrum color scheme in GVim.">
 
@@ -73,140 +73,15 @@ other content at [w0rp.com](https://w0rp.com).
     15. [How can I configure my C or C++ project?](#faq-c-configuration)
     16. [How can I configure ALE differently for different buffers?](#faq-buffer-configuration)
     17. [How can I configure the height of the list in which ALE displays errors?](#faq-list-window-height)
+    18. [How can I see what ALE has configured for the current file?](#faq-get-info)
 
 <a name="supported-languages"></a>
 
 ## 1. Supported Languages and Tools
 
-This plugin supports the following languages and tools. All available
-tools will be run in combination, so they can be complementary.
-
-<!--
-Keep the table rows sorted alphabetically by the language name,
-and the tools in the tools column sorted alphabetically by the tool
-name. That seems to be the fairest way to arrange this table.
-
-Remember to also update doc/ale.txt, which has a similar list with different
-formatting.
--->
-
-**Notes:**
-
-* *^ No linters for text or Vim help filetypes are enabled by default.*
-* *!! These linters check only files on disk. See `:help ale-lint-file-linters`*
-
-| Language | Tools |
-| -------- | ----- |
-| Ada | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org) |
-| ASM | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org) |
-| Ansible | [ansible-lint](https://github.com/willthames/ansible-lint) |
-| API Blueprint | [drafter](https://github.com/apiaryio/drafter) |
-| AsciiDoc | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
-| Awk | [gawk](https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/)|
-| Bash | [language-server](https://github.com/mads-hartmann/bash-language-server), shell [-n flag](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html#index-set), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
-| Bourne Shell | shell [-n flag](http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh), [shellcheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/), [shfmt](https://github.com/mvdan/sh) |
-| C | [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint), [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify), [ccls](https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls) |
-| C++ (filetype cpp) | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [clangcheck](http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangCheck.html) !!, [clangtidy](http://clang.llvm.org/extra/clang-tidy/) !!, [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html), [clazy](https://github.com/KDE/clazy) !!, [cppcheck](http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net), [cpplint](https://github.com/google/styleguide/tree/gh-pages/cpplint) !!, [cquery](https://github.com/cquery-project/cquery), [flawfinder](https://www.dwheeler.com/flawfinder/), [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify), [ccls](https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls) |
-| CUDA | [nvcc](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-compiler-driver-nvcc/index.html) |
-| C# | [mcs](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) see:`help ale-cs-mcs` for details, [mcsc](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/languages/csharp/) !! see:`help ale-cs-mcsc` for details and configuration, [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| Chef | [foodcritic](http://www.foodcritic.io/) |
-| Clojure | [joker](https://github.com/candid82/joker) |
-| CloudFormation | [cfn-python-lint](https://github.com/awslabs/cfn-python-lint) |
-| CMake | [cmakelint](https://github.com/richq/cmake-lint) |
-| CoffeeScript | [coffee](http://coffeescript.org/), [coffeelint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/coffeelint) |
-| Crystal | [crystal](https://crystal-lang.org/) !! |
-| CSS | [csslint](http://csslint.net/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| Cucumber | [cucumber](https://cucumber.io/) |
-| Cython (pyrex filetype) | [cython](http://cython.org/) |
-| D | [dls](https://github.com/d-language-server/dls), [dmd](https://dlang.org/dmd-linux.html), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| Dafny | [dafny](https://rise4fun.com/Dafny) !! |
-| Dart | [dartanalyzer](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/pkg/analyzer_cli) !!, [language_server](https://github.com/natebosch/dart_language_server), [dartfmt](https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/tree/master/utils/dartfmt) |
-| Dockerfile | [dockerfile_lint](https://github.com/projectatomic/dockerfile_lint), [hadolint](https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint) |
-| Elixir | [credo](https://github.com/rrrene/credo), [dialyxir](https://github.com/jeremyjh/dialyxir), [dogma](https://github.com/lpil/dogma), [mix](https://hexdocs.pm/mix/Mix.html) !!, [elixir-ls](https://github.com/JakeBecker/elixir-ls) |
-| Elm | [elm-format](https://github.com/avh4/elm-format), [elm-make](https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-make) |
-| Erb | [erb](https://apidock.com/ruby/ERB), [erubi](https://github.com/jeremyevans/erubi), [erubis](https://github.com/kwatch/erubis), [ruumba](https://github.com/ericqweinstein/ruumba) |
-| Erlang | [erlc](http://erlang.org/doc/man/erlc.html), [SyntaxErl](https://github.com/ten0s/syntaxerl) |
-| Fish | fish [-n flag](https://linux.die.net/man/1/fish)
-| Fortran | [gcc](https://gcc.gnu.org/), [language_server](https://github.com/hansec/fortran-language-server) |
-| Fountain | [proselint](http://proselint.com/) |
-| FusionScript | [fusion-lint](https://github.com/RyanSquared/fusionscript) |
-| Git Commit Messages | [gitlint](https://github.com/jorisroovers/gitlint) |
-| GLSL | [glslang](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glslang), [glslls](https://github.com/svenstaro/glsl-language-server) |
-| Go | [gofmt](https://golang.org/cmd/gofmt/), [goimports](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports), [go mod](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) !!, [go vet](https://golang.org/cmd/vet/) !!, [golint](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang/lint), [gotype](https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gotype) !!, [gometalinter](https://github.com/alecthomas/gometalinter) !!, [go build](https://golang.org/cmd/go/) !!, [gosimple](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/gosimple) !!, [staticcheck](https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck) !!, [golangserver](https://github.com/sourcegraph/go-langserver), [golangci-lint](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint) !! |
-| GraphQL | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [gqlint](https://github.com/happylinks/gqlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Hack | [hack](http://hacklang.org/), [hackfmt](https://github.com/facebook/hhvm/tree/master/hphp/hack/hackfmt), [hhast](https://github.com/hhvm/hhast) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-hack`) |
-| Haml | [haml-lint](https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint) |
-| Handlebars | [ember-template-lint](https://github.com/rwjblue/ember-template-lint) |
-| Haskell | [brittany](https://github.com/lspitzner/brittany), [ghc](https://www.haskell.org/ghc/), [cabal-ghc](https://www.haskell.org/cabal/), [stylish-haskell](https://github.com/jaspervdj/stylish-haskell), [stack-ghc](https://haskellstack.org/), [stack-build](https://haskellstack.org/) !!, [ghc-mod](https://github.com/DanielG/ghc-mod), [hlint](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint), [hdevtools](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hdevtools), [hfmt](https://github.com/danstiner/hfmt), [hie](https://github.com/haskell/haskell-ide-engine) |
-| HCL | [terraform-fmt](https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform) |
-| HTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [HTMLHint](http://htmlhint.com/), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [tidy](http://www.html-tidy.org/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Idris | [idris](http://www.idris-lang.org/) |
-| ISPC | [ispc](https://ispc.github.io/) !! |
-| Java | [checkstyle](http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net), [javac](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html), [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format), [PMD](https://pmd.github.io/), [javalsp](https://github.com/georgewfraser/vscode-javac), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| JavaScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [flow](https://flowtype.org/), [jscs](http://jscs.info/), [jshint](http://jshint.com/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [prettier-eslint](https://github.com/prettier/prettier-eslint-cli), [prettier-standard](https://github.com/sheerun/prettier-standard), [standard](http://standardjs.com/), [xo](https://github.com/sindresorhus/xo)
-| JSON | [fixjson](https://github.com/rhysd/fixjson), [jsonlint](http://zaa.ch/jsonlint/), [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier) |
-| Julia | [languageserver](https://github.com/JuliaEditorSupport/LanguageServer.jl) |
-| Kotlin | [kotlinc](https://kotlinlang.org) !!, [ktlint](https://ktlint.github.io) !!, [languageserver](https://github.com/fwcd/KotlinLanguageServer) see `:help ale-integration-kotlin` for configuration instructions |
-| LaTeX | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [chktex](http://www.nongnu.org/chktex/), [lacheck](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lacheck), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Less | [lessc](https://www.npmjs.com/package/less), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| LLVM | [llc](https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llc.html) |
-| Lua | [luac](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/luac.html), [luacheck](https://github.com/mpeterv/luacheck) |
-| Mail | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale) |
-| Make | [checkmake](https://github.com/mrtazz/checkmake) |
-| Markdown | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) !!, [mdl](https://github.com/mivok/markdownlint), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [remark-lint](https://github.com/wooorm/remark-lint), [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| MATLAB | [mlint](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/mlint.html) |
-| Mercury | [mmc](http://mercurylang.org) !! |
-| NASM | [nasm](https://www.nasm.us/) !! |
-| Nim | [nim check](https://nim-lang.org/docs/nimc.html) !! |
-| nix | [nix-instantiate](http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#sec-nix-instantiate) |
-| nroff | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good)|
-| Objective-C | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify), [ccls](https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls) |
-| Objective-C++ | [clang](http://clang.llvm.org/), [clangd](https://clang.llvm.org/extra/clangd.html), [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| OCaml | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-ocaml-merlin` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server), [ocamlformat](https://github.com/ocaml-ppx/ocamlformat) |
-| Pawn | [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| Perl | [perl -c](https://perl.org/), [perl-critic](https://metacpan.org/pod/Perl::Critic), [perltidy](https://metacpan.org/pod/distribution/Perl-Tidy/bin/perltidy) |
-| Perl6 | [perl6 -c](https://perl6.org) |
-| PHP | [langserver](https://github.com/felixfbecker/php-language-server), [phan](https://github.com/phan/phan) see `:help ale-php-phan` to instructions, [php -l](https://secure.php.net/), [phpcs](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [phpmd](https://phpmd.org), [phpstan](https://github.com/phpstan/phpstan), [phpcbf](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer), [php-cs-fixer](http://cs.sensiolabs.org/), [psalm](https://getpsalm.org) !!  |
-| PO | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [msgfmt](https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/msgfmt-Invocation.html), [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Pod | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Pony | [ponyc](https://github.com/ponylang/ponyc) |
-| Prolog | [swipl](https://github.com/SWI-Prolog/swipl-devel) |
-| proto | [protoc-gen-lint](https://github.com/ckaznocha/protoc-gen-lint) |
-| Pug | [pug-lint](https://github.com/pugjs/pug-lint) |
-| Puppet | [languageserver](https://github.com/lingua-pupuli/puppet-editor-services), [puppet](https://puppet.com), [puppet-lint](https://puppet-lint.com) |
-| Python | [autopep8](https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8), [black](https://github.com/ambv/black), [flake8](http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/), [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort), [mypy](http://mypy-lang.org/), [prospector](https://github.com/PyCQA/prospector), [pycodestyle](https://github.com/PyCQA/pycodestyle), [pyls](https://github.com/palantir/python-language-server), [pyre](https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check), [pylint](https://www.pylint.org/) !!, [vulture](https://github.com/jendrikseipp/vulture) !!, [yapf](https://github.com/google/yapf) |
-| QML | [qmlfmt](https://github.com/jesperhh/qmlfmt), [qmllint](https://github.com/qt/qtdeclarative/tree/5.11/tools/qmllint) |
-| R | [lintr](https://github.com/jimhester/lintr) |
-| ReasonML | [merlin](https://github.com/the-lambda-church/merlin) see `:help ale-reasonml-ols` for configuration instructions, [ols](https://github.com/freebroccolo/ocaml-language-server), [refmt](https://github.com/reasonml/reason-cli) |
-| reStructuredText | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [rstcheck](https://github.com/myint/rstcheck), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Re:VIEW | [redpen](http://redpen.cc/) |
-| RPM spec | [rpmlint](https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpmlint) (disabled by default; see `:help ale-integration-spec`) |
-| Ruby | [brakeman](http://brakemanscanner.org/) !!, [rails_best_practices](https://github.com/flyerhzm/rails_best_practices) !!, [reek](https://github.com/troessner/reek), [rubocop](https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop), [ruby](https://www.ruby-lang.org), [rufo](https://github.com/ruby-formatter/rufo), [solargraph](https://solargraph.org) |
-| Rust |  [cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo) !! (see `:help ale-integration-rust` for configuration instructions), [rls](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rls), [rustc](https://www.rust-lang.org/), [rustfmt](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustfmt) |
-| SASS | [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| SCSS | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [sass-lint](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sass-lint), [scss-lint](https://github.com/brigade/scss-lint), [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| Scala | [fsc](https://www.scala-lang.org/old/sites/default/files/linuxsoft_archives/docu/files/tools/fsc.html), [sbtserver](https://www.scala-sbt.org/1.x/docs/sbt-server.html), [scalac](http://scala-lang.org), [scalafmt](https://scalameta.org/scalafmt/), [scalastyle](http://www.scalastyle.org)|
-| Slim | [slim-lint](https://github.com/sds/slim-lint) |
-| SML | [smlnj](http://www.smlnj.org/) |
-| Solidity | [solhint](https://github.com/protofire/solhint), [solium](https://github.com/duaraghav8/Solium) |
-| Stylus | [stylelint](https://github.com/stylelint/stylelint) |
-| SQL | [sqlint](https://github.com/purcell/sqlint), [sqlfmt](https://github.com/jackc/sqlfmt) |
-| Swift | [swiftlint](https://github.com/realm/SwiftLint), [swiftformat](https://github.com/nicklockwood/SwiftFormat) |
-| Tcl | [nagelfar](http://nagelfar.sourceforge.net) !! |
-| Terraform | [fmt](https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform), [tflint](https://github.com/wata727/tflint) |
-| Texinfo | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good)|
-| Text^ | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [redpen](http://redpen.cc/), [textlint](https://textlint.github.io/), [vale](https://github.com/ValeLint/vale), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Thrift | [thrift](http://thrift.apache.org/) |
-| TypeScript | [eslint](http://eslint.org/), [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [tslint](https://github.com/palantir/tslint), [tsserver](https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/Standalone-Server-%28tsserver%29), typecheck |
-| VALA | [uncrustify](https://github.com/uncrustify/uncrustify) |
-| Verilog | [iverilog](https://github.com/steveicarus/iverilog), [verilator](http://www.veripool.org/projects/verilator/wiki/Intro) |
-| Vim | [vint](https://github.com/Kuniwak/vint) |
-| Vim help^ | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| Vue | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [vls](https://github.com/vuejs/vetur/tree/master/server) |
-| XHTML | [alex](https://github.com/wooorm/alex) !!, [proselint](http://proselint.com/), [write-good](https://github.com/btford/write-good) |
-| XML | [xmllint](http://xmlsoft.org/xmllint.html) |
-| YAML | [prettier](https://github.com/prettier/prettier), [swaglint](https://github.com/byCedric/swaglint), [yamllint](https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/) |
-| YANG | [yang-lsp](https://github.com/theia-ide/yang-lsp) |
+ALE supports a wide variety of languages and tools. See the
+[full list](supported-tools.md) in the
+[Supported Languages and Tools](supported-tools.md) page.
 
 <a name="usage"></a>
 
@@ -226,7 +101,7 @@ new buffers or as you make edits to your files.
 The behaviour of linting can be configured with a variety of options,
 documented in [the Vim help file](doc/ale.txt). For more information on the
 options ALE offers, consult `:help ale-options` for global options and `:help
-ale-linter-options` for options specified to particular linters.
+ale-integration-options` for options specified to particular linters.
 
 <a name="usage-fixing"></a>
 
@@ -574,8 +449,16 @@ let g:airline#extensions#ale#enabled = 1
 ```
 
 If you don't want to use vim-airline, you can implement your own statusline
-function without adding any other plugins. ALE provides a function for counting
-the number of problems for this purpose, named `ale#statusline#Count`.
+function without adding any other plugins. ALE provides some functions to
+assist in this endeavour, including:
+
+* `ale#statusline#Count`: Which returns the number of problems found by ALE
+  for a specified buffer.
+* `ale#statusline#FirstProblem`: Which returns a dictionary containing the
+  full loclist details of the first problem of a specified type found by ALE
+  in a buffer. (e.g. The first style warning in the current buffer.)
+  This can be useful for displaying more detailed information such as the
+  line number of the first problem in a file.
 
 Say you want to display all errors as one figure, and all non-errors as another
 figure. You can do the following:
@@ -597,7 +480,8 @@ endfunction
 set statusline=%{LinterStatus()}
 ```
 
-See `:help ale#statusline#Count()` for more information.
+See `:help ale#statusline#Count()` or `:help ale#statusline#FirstProblem()`
+for more information.
 
 <a name="faq-lightline"></a>
 
@@ -619,7 +503,7 @@ There are 3 global options that allow customizing the echoed message.
     * `%...code...%` is an optional error code, and most characters can be
       written between the `%` characters.
     * `%linter%` is the linter name
-    * `%severity` is the severity type
+    * `%severity%` is the severity type
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_error_str` is the string used for error severity.
 - `g:ale_echo_msg_warning_str` is the string used for warning severity.
 
@@ -759,7 +643,7 @@ Or if you want, you can configure the linters from your vimrc file.
 
 ```vim
 " In ~/.vim/vimrc, or somewhere similar.
-let g:ale_linter_aliases = {'jsx': ['css, 'javascript']}
+let g:ale_linter_aliases = {'jsx': ['css', 'javascript']}
 let g:ale_linters = {'jsx': ['stylelint', 'eslint']}
 ```
 
@@ -896,3 +780,13 @@ To set a default height for the error list, use the `g:ale_list_window_size` var
 " Show 5 lines of errors (default: 10)
 let g:ale_list_window_size = 5
 ```
+
+<a name="faq-get-info"></a>
+
+### 5.xviii. How can I see what ALE has configured for the current file?
+
+Run the following to see what is currently configured:
+
+```vim
+:ALEInfo
+```

ale_linters/ada/gcc.vim

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ function! ale_linters#ada#gcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " the .ali file may be created even if no code generation is attempted.
     " The output file name must match the source file name (except for the
     " extension), so here we cannot use the null file as output.
-    let l:tmp_dir = fnamemodify(ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer), ':p')
+    let l:tmp_dir = fnamemodify(ale#command#CreateDirectory(a:buffer), ':p')
     let l:out_file = l:tmp_dir . fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':t:r') . '.o'
 
     " -gnatc: Check syntax and semantics only (no code generation attempted)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('ada', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('ada_gcc_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#ada#gcc#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'ada_gcc_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#ada#gcc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#ada#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/ansible/ansible_lint.vim

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('ansible', {
 \   'name': 'ansible_lint',
 \   'aliases': ['ansible', 'ansible-lint'],
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#ansible#ansible_lint#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#ansible#ansible_lint#GetExecutable'),
 \   'command': '%e -p %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#ansible#ansible_lint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/asciidoc/alex.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
 " Author: Johannes Wienke <languitar@semipol.de>
 " Description: alex for asciidoc files
 
-call ale#linter#Define('help', {
-\   'name': 'alex',
-\   'executable': 'alex',
-\   'command': 'alex %s -t',
-\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#alex#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
-\})
+call ale#handlers#alex#DefineLinter('asciidoc', '--text')

ale_linters/asciidoc/textlint.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+" Author: TANIGUCHI Masaya <ta2gch@gmail.com>
+" Description: textlint for AsciiDoc files
+
+call ale#linter#Define('asciidoc', {
+\   'name': 'textlint',
+\   'executable': function('ale#handlers#textlint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale#handlers#textlint#GetCommand'),
+\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#textlint#HandleTextlintOutput',
+\})

ale_linters/asm/gcc.vim

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('asm', {
 \    'name': 'gcc',
 \    'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\    'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('asm_gcc_executable'),
-\    'command_callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand',
+\    'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'asm_gcc_executable')},
+\    'command': function('ale_linters#asm#gcc#GetCommand'),
 \    'callback': 'ale_linters#asm#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/awk/gawk.vim

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('awk', {
 \   'name': 'gawk',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('awk_gawk_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'awk_gawk_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#awk#gawk#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gawk#HandleGawkFormat',
 \   'output_stream': 'both'
 \})

ale_linters/bib/bibclean.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+" Author: Horacio Sanson - https://github.com/hsanson
+" Description: Support for bibclean linter for BibTeX files.
+
+call ale#Set('bib_bibclean_executable', 'bibclean')
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'bib_bibclean_executable')
+
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable) . ' -file-position '
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#get_type(str) abort
+    if a:str is# '??'
+        return 'E'
+    else
+        return 'W'
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_msg(line) abort
+    return matchlist(a:line, '^\(.*\) "stdin", line \(.*\): \(.*\)$')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_entry(line) abort
+    return matchlist(a:line, 'Entry   input byte=.* line=\(.*\) column=\(.*\) output .*$')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_value(line) abort
+    return matchlist(a:line, 'Value   input byte=.* line=\(.*\) column=\(.*\) output .*$')
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#bib#bibclean#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:output = []
+
+    let l:type = 'E'
+    let l:msg  = ''
+
+    for l:line in a:lines
+        if empty(l:msg)
+            let l:mlist = ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_msg(l:line)
+
+            if !empty(l:mlist)
+                let l:msg = l:mlist[3]
+                let l:type = ale_linters#bib#bibclean#get_type(l:mlist[1])
+            endif
+        else
+            if l:type is# 'E'
+                let l:mlist = ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_entry(l:line)
+            else
+                let l:mlist = ale_linters#bib#bibclean#match_value(l:line)
+            endif
+
+            if !empty(l:mlist)
+                call add(l:output, {
+                \ 'lnum': l:mlist[1],
+                \ 'col': l:mlist[2],
+                \ 'text': l:msg,
+                \ 'type': l:type
+                \})
+
+                let l:msg = ''
+            endif
+        endif
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('bib', {
+\   'name': 'bibclean',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'bib_bibclean_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#bib#bibclean#GetCommand'),
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#bib#bibclean#Handle',
+\})

ale_linters/c/ccls.vim

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ call ale#Set('c_ccls_init_options', {})
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'ccls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_ccls_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_ccls_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale#handlers#ccls#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback':ale#VarFunc('c_ccls_init_options'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale#handlers#ccls#GetProjectRoot'),
+\   'initialization_options': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_ccls_init_options')},
 \})

ale_linters/c/clang.vim

@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clang_executable'),
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand'}
-\   ],
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_clang_executable')},
+\   'command': {b -> ale#c#RunMakeCommand(b, function('ale_linters#c#clang#GetCommand'))},
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/c/clangd.vim

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clangd',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangd_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_clangd_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#c#clangd#GetCommand'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#c#clangd#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/c/clangtidy.vim

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_clangtidy_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_clangtidy_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#c#clangtidy#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/c/cppcheck.vim

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cppcheck_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_cppcheck_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#c#cppcheck#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/cquery.vim

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'cquery',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_cquery_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_cquery_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#c#cquery#GetProjectRoot'),
+\   'initialization_options': function('ale_linters#c#cquery#GetInitializationOptions'),
 \})

ale_linters/c/flawfinder.vim

@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@ call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
 function! ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-   " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
-   let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_minlevel')
+    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
+    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return '%e -CDQS'
-   \  . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options'))
-   \  . l:minlevel
-   \  . ' %t'
+    return '%e -CDQS'
+    \  . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'c_flawfinder_options'))
+    \  . l:minlevel
+    \  . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_flawfinder_executable'),
-\  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand',
+\  'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_flawfinder_executable')},
+\  'command': function('ale_linters#c#flawfinder#GetCommand'),
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/c/gcc.vim

@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('c', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('c_gcc_executable'),
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand'}
-\   ],
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'c_gcc_executable')},
+\   'command': {b -> ale#c#RunMakeCommand(b, function('ale_linters#c#gcc#GetCommand'))},
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/chef/foodcritic.vim

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('chef', {
 \   'name': 'foodcritic',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('chef_foodcritic_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'chef_foodcritic_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#chef#foodcritic#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/clojure/joker.vim

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ function! ale_linters#clojure#joker#HandleJokerFormat(buffer, lines) abort
         let l:type = 'E'
 
         if l:match[4] is? 'Parse warning'
-          let l:type = 'W'
+            let l:type = 'W'
         endif
 
         call add(l:output, {

ale_linters/cmake/cmakelint.vim

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cmake', {
 \   'name': 'cmakelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Executable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Command',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Executable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cmake#cmakelint#Command'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})

ale_linters/coffee/coffee.vim

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('coffee', {
 \   'name': 'coffee',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#coffee#coffee#GetCommand'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/coffee/coffeelint.vim

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('coffee', {
 \   'name': 'coffeelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#coffee#coffeelint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/ccls.vim

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_ccls_init_options', {})
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'ccls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_ccls_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_ccls_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale#handlers#ccls#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_ccls_init_options'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale#handlers#ccls#GetProjectRoot'),
+\   'initialization_options': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_ccls_init_options')},
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clang.vim

@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clang',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clang_executable'),
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand'},
-\   ],
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_clang_executable')},
+\   'command': {b -> ale#c#RunMakeCommand(b, function('ale_linters#cpp#clang#GetCommand'))},
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clangcheck.vim

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangcheck_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_clangcheck_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#clangcheck#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clangd.vim

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangd',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangd_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangd#GetCommand',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangd#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_clangd_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#clangd#GetCommand'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#cpp#clangd#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clangtidy.vim

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clangtidy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clangtidy_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_clangtidy_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#clangtidy#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/clazy.vim

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'clazy',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_clazy_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#clazy#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_clazy_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#clazy#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/cppcheck.vim

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cppcheck',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cppcheck_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_cppcheck_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#cppcheck#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cppcheck#HandleCppCheckFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/cpplint.vim

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cpplint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cpplint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_cpplint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#cpplint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#cpplint#HandleCppLintFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/cquery.vim

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'cquery',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_cquery_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_cquery_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetProjectRoot'),
+\   'initialization_options': function('ale_linters#cpp#cquery#GetInitializationOptions'),
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/flawfinder.vim

@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@ call ale#Set('cpp_flawfinder_minlevel', 1)
 call ale#Set('c_flawfinder_error_severity', 6)
 
 function! ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand(buffer) abort
-   " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
-   let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_minlevel')
+    " Set the minimum vulnerability level for flawfinder to bother with
+    let l:minlevel = ' --minlevel=' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_minlevel')
 
-   return '%e -CDQS'
-   \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_options')
-   \  . l:minlevel
-   \  . ' %t'
+    return '%e -CDQS'
+    \  . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cpp_flawfinder_options')
+    \  . l:minlevel
+    \  . ' %t'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \  'name': 'flawfinder',
 \  'output_stream': 'stdout',
-\  'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_flawfinder_executable'),
-\  'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand',
+\  'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_flawfinder_executable')},
+\  'command': function('ale_linters#cpp#flawfinder#GetCommand'),
 \  'callback': 'ale#handlers#flawfinder#HandleFlawfinderFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cpp/gcc.vim

@@ -19,10 +19,7 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cpp', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'aliases': ['g++'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cpp_gcc_executable'),
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale#c#GetMakeCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand'},
-\   ],
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cpp_gcc_executable')},
+\   'command': {b -> ale#c#RunMakeCommand(b, function('ale_linters#cpp#gcc#GetCommand'))},
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#gcc#HandleGCCFormatWithIncludes',
 \})

ale_linters/crystal/ameba.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+" Author: Harrison Bachrach - https://github.com/HarrisonB
+" Description: Ameba, a linter for crystal files
+
+call ale#Set('crystal_ameba_executable', 'bin/ameba')
+
+function! ale_linters#crystal#ameba#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'crystal_ameba_executable')
+
+    return ale#Escape(l:executable)
+    \   . ' --format json '
+    \   .  ale#Escape(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p'))
+endfunction
+
+" Handle output from ameba
+function! ale_linters#crystal#ameba#HandleAmebaOutput(buffer, lines) abort
+    if len(a:lines) == 0
+        return []
+    endif
+
+    let l:errors = ale#util#FuzzyJSONDecode(a:lines[0], {})
+
+    if !has_key(l:errors, 'summary')
+    \|| l:errors['summary']['issues_count'] == 0
+    \|| empty(l:errors['sources'])
+        return []
+    endif
+
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:error in l:errors['sources'][0]['issues']
+        let l:start_col = str2nr(l:error['location']['column'])
+        let l:end_col = str2nr(l:error['end_location']['column'])
+
+        if !l:end_col
+            let l:end_col = l:start_col + 1
+        endif
+
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': str2nr(l:error['location']['line']),
+        \   'col': l:start_col,
+        \   'end_col': l:end_col,
+        \   'code': l:error['rule_name'],
+        \   'text': l:error['message'],
+        \   'type': 'W',
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('crystal', {
+\   'name': 'ameba',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'crystal_ameba_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#crystal#ameba#GetCommand'),
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#crystal#ameba#HandleAmebaOutput',
+\   'lint_file': 1,
+\})

ale_linters/crystal/crystal.vim

@@ -26,6 +26,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('crystal', {
 \   'executable': 'crystal',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#crystal#crystal#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#crystal#crystal#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#crystal#crystal#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/cs/mcs.vim

@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cs',{
 \   'name': 'mcs',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'mcs',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cs#mcs#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cs#mcs#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/cs/mcsc.vim

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function! ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
 
     " register temporary module target file with ale
     " register temporary module target file with ALE.
-    let l:out = ale#engine#CreateFile(a:buffer)
+    let l:out = ale#command#CreateFile(a:buffer)
 
     " The code is compiled as a module and the output is redirected to a
     " temporary file.
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ call ale#linter#Define('cs',{
 \   'name': 'mcsc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'mcs',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cs#mcsc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cs#mcsc#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1
 \})

ale_linters/css/csslint.vim

@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'csslint',
 \   'executable': 'csslint',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#csslint#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#css#csslint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleCSSLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/css/stylelint.vim

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('css', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('css_stylelint', [
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#node#FindExecutable(b, 'css_stylelint', [
 \       'node_modules/.bin/stylelint',
-\   ]),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand',
+\   ])},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#css#stylelint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/cucumber/cucumber.vim

@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cucumber', {
 \   'name': 'cucumber',
 \   'executable': 'cucumber',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cucumber#cucumber#Handle'
 \})

ale_linters/cuda/nvcc.vim

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ call ale#Set('cuda_nvcc_options', '-std=c++11')
 function! ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " Unused: use ale#util#nul_file
     " let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname() . '.ii'
-    " call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
+    " call ale#command#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
     return '%e -cuda'
     \   . ale#Pad(ale#c#IncludeOptions(ale#c#FindLocalHeaderPaths(a:buffer)))
     \   . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'cuda_nvcc_options'))
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('cuda', {
 \   'name': 'nvcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('cuda_nvcc_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'cuda_nvcc_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#cuda#nvcc#HandleNVCCFormat',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/cypher/cypher_lint.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+" Author: Francisco Lopes <francisco@oblita.com>
+" Description: Linting for Neo4j's Cypher
+
+function! ale_linters#cypher#cypher_lint#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
+    let l:pattern = '\v^([a-zA-Z]?:?[^:]+):(\d+):(\d+): (.*)$'
+    let l:output = []
+
+    for l:match in ale#util#GetMatches(a:lines, l:pattern)
+        call add(l:output, {
+        \   'lnum': l:match[2] + 0,
+        \   'col': l:match[3] + 0,
+        \   'text': l:match[4],
+        \   'type': 'E',
+        \})
+    endfor
+
+    return l:output
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('cypher', {
+\   'name': 'cypher_lint',
+\   'executable': 'cypher-lint',
+\   'command': 'cypher-lint',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
+\   'callback': 'ale_linters#cypher#cypher_lint#Handle',
+\})

ale_linters/d/dls.vim

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('d', {
 \   'name': 'dls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#d#dls#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#d#dls#GetExecutable',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#d#dls#FindProjectRoot',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#d#dls#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#d#dls#GetExecutable'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#d#dls#FindProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/d/dmd.vim

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 " Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: "dmd for D files"
 
-function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DUBCommand(buffer) abort
+function! ale_linters#d#dmd#GetDUBCommand(buffer) abort
     " If we can't run dub, then skip this command.
     if !executable('dub')
         " Returning an empty string skips to the DMD command.
@@ -21,7 +21,18 @@ function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DUBCommand(buffer) abort
     \   . ' && dub describe --import-paths'
 endfunction
 
-function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand(buffer, dub_output) abort
+function! ale_linters#d#dmd#RunDUBCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:command = ale_linters#d#dmd#GetDUBCommand(a:buffer)
+
+    if empty(l:command)
+        " If we can't run DUB, just run DMD.
+        return ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand(a:buffer, [], {})
+    endif
+
+    return ale#command#Run(a:buffer, l:command, function('ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand'))
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand(buffer, dub_output, meta) abort
     let l:import_list = []
 
     " Build a list of import paths generated from DUB, if available.
@@ -57,9 +68,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('d', {
 \   'name': 'dmd',
 \   'executable': 'dmd',
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#d#dmd#DUBCommand', 'output_stream': 'stdout'},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#d#dmd#DMDCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},
-\   ],
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#d#dmd#RunDUBCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#d#dmd#Handle',
+\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \})

ale_linters/dart/dartanalyzer.vim

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'dartanalyzer',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_dartanalyzer_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'dart_dartanalyzer_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dart#dartanalyzer#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/dart/language_server.vim

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('dart', {
 \   'name': 'language_server',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dart_language_server_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'dart_language_server_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#dart#language_server#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/dockerfile/dockerfile_lint.vim

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('dockerfile', {
 \   'name': 'dockerfile_lint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('dockerfile_dockerfile_lint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#dockerfile_lint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'dockerfile_dockerfile_lint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#dockerfile#dockerfile_lint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#dockerfile_lint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/dockerfile/hadolint.vim

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('dockerfile', {
 \   'name': 'hadolint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#dockerfile#hadolint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/elixir/credo.vim

@@ -37,16 +37,27 @@ function! ale_linters#elixir#credo#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
     return l:output
 endfunction
 
+function! ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetMode() abort
+    if get(g:, 'ale_elixir_credo_strict', 0)
+        return '--strict'
+    else
+        return 'suggest'
+    endif
+endfunction
+
 function! ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:project_root = ale#handlers#elixir#FindMixProjectRoot(a:buffer)
+    let l:mode = ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetMode()
 
     return ale#path#CdString(l:project_root)
-    \ . ' mix help credo && mix credo suggest --format=flycheck --read-from-stdin %s'
+    \ . 'mix help credo && '
+    \ . 'mix credo ' . ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetMode()
+    \ . ' --format=flycheck --read-from-stdin %s'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'credo',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elixir#credo#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#credo#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/elixir/dialyxir.vim

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'dialyxir',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dialyxir#Handle',
 \})
 

ale_linters/elixir/dogma.vim

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'dogma',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dogma#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elixir#dogma#GetCommand'),
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#dogma#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/elixir/elixir_ls.vim

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ call ale#Set('elixir_elixir_ls_config', {})
 
 function! ale_linters#elixir#elixir_ls#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
     let l:dir = ale#path#Simplify(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'elixir_elixir_ls_release'))
-    let l:cmd = ale#Has('win32') ? '\language_server.bat' : '/language_server.sh'
+    let l:cmd = has('win32') ? '\language_server.bat' : '/language_server.sh'
 
     return l:dir . l:cmd
 endfunction
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'elixir-ls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#elixir_ls#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#elixir_ls#GetExecutable',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale#handlers#elixir#FindMixUmbrellaRoot',
-\   'lsp_config_callback': ale#VarFunc('elixir_elixir_ls_config'),
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#elixir#elixir_ls#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elixir#elixir_ls#GetExecutable'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale#handlers#elixir#FindMixUmbrellaRoot'),
+\   'lsp_config': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'elixir_elixir_ls_config')},
 \})

ale_linters/elixir/mix.vim

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ endfunction
 function! ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:project_root = ale#handlers#elixir#FindMixProjectRoot(a:buffer)
 
-    let l:temp_dir = ale#engine#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
+    let l:temp_dir = ale#command#CreateDirectory(a:buffer)
 
     let l:mix_build_path = has('win32')
     \   ? 'set MIX_BUILD_PATH=' . ale#Escape(l:temp_dir) . ' &&'
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('elixir', {
 \   'name': 'mix',
 \   'executable': 'mix',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elixir#mix#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elixir#mix#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/elm/elm_lsp.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+" Author: antew - https://github.com/antew
+" Description: LSP integration for elm, currently supports diagnostics (linting)
+
+call ale#Set('elm_lsp_executable', 'elm-lsp')
+call ale#Set('elm_lsp_use_global', get(g:, 'ale_use_global_executables', 0))
+
+function! elm_lsp#GetRootDir(buffer) abort
+    let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm.json')
+
+    return !empty(l:elm_json) ? fnamemodify(l:elm_json, ':p:h') : ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
+\   'name': 'elm_lsp',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#node#FindExecutable(b, 'elm_lsp', [
+\       'node_modules/.bin/elm-lsp',
+\   ])},
+\   'command': '%e --stdio',
+\   'project_root': function('elm_lsp#GetRootDir'),
+\   'language': 'elm'
+\})

ale_linters/elm/make.vim

@@ -137,9 +137,7 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#ParseMessageItem(item) abort
     endif
 endfunction
 
-" Return the command to execute the linter in the projects directory.
-" If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
-function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetPackageFile(buffer) abort
     let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm.json')
 
     if empty(l:elm_json)
@@ -147,26 +145,96 @@ function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
         let l:elm_json = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'elm-package.json')
     endif
 
+    return l:elm_json
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#IsVersionGte19(buffer) abort
+    let l:elm_json = ale_linters#elm#make#GetPackageFile(a:buffer)
+
+    if l:elm_json =~# '-package'
+        return 0
+    else
+        return 1
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetRootDir(buffer) abort
+    let l:elm_json = ale_linters#elm#make#GetPackageFile(a:buffer)
+
     if empty(l:elm_json)
+        return ''
+    else
+        return fnamemodify(l:elm_json, ':p:h')
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#IsTest(buffer) abort
+    let l:root_dir = ale_linters#elm#make#GetRootDir(a:buffer)
+
+    if empty(l:root_dir)
+        return 0
+    endif
+
+    let l:tests_dir = join([l:root_dir, 'tests', ''], has('win32') ? '\' : '/')
+
+    let l:buffer_path = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p')
+
+    if stridx(l:buffer_path, l:tests_dir) == 0
+        return 1
+    else
+        return 0
+    endif
+endfunction
+
+" Return the command to execute the linter in the projects directory.
+" If it doesn't, then this will fail when imports are needed.
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(a:buffer)
+    let l:root_dir = ale_linters#elm#make#GetRootDir(a:buffer)
+    let l:is_v19 = ale_linters#elm#make#IsVersionGte19(a:buffer)
+    let l:is_using_elm_test = l:executable =~# 'elm-test$'
+
+    if empty(l:root_dir)
         let l:dir_set_cmd = ''
     else
-        let l:root_dir = fnamemodify(l:elm_json, ':p:h')
         let l:dir_set_cmd = 'cd ' . ale#Escape(l:root_dir) . ' && '
     endif
 
+    " elm-test needs to know the path of elm-make if elm isn't installed globally.
+    " https://github.com/rtfeldman/node-test-runner/blob/57728f10668f2d2ab3179e7e3208bcfa9a1f19aa/README.md#--compiler
+    if l:is_v19 && l:is_using_elm_test
+        let l:elm_make_executable = ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'elm_make', ['node_modules/.bin/elm'])
+        let l:elm_test_compiler_flag = ' --compiler ' . l:elm_make_executable . ' '
+    else
+        let l:elm_test_compiler_flag = ' '
+    endif
+
     " The elm compiler, at the time of this writing, uses '/dev/null' as
     " a sort of flag to tell the compiler not to generate an output file,
     " which is why this is hard coded here.
     " Source: https://github.com/elm-lang/elm-compiler/blob/19d5a769b30ec0b2fc4475985abb4cd94cd1d6c3/builder/src/Generate/Output.hs#L253
-    return l:dir_set_cmd . '%e make --report=json --output=/dev/null %t'
+    return l:dir_set_cmd . '%e make --report=json --output=/dev/null' . l:elm_test_compiler_flag . '%t'
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable(buffer) abort
+    let l:is_test = ale_linters#elm#make#IsTest(a:buffer)
+    let l:is_v19 = ale_linters#elm#make#IsVersionGte19(a:buffer)
+
+    if l:is_test && l:is_v19
+        return ale#node#FindExecutable(
+        \   a:buffer,
+        \   'elm_make',
+        \   ['node_modules/.bin/elm-test', 'node_modules/.bin/elm']
+        \)
+    else
+        return ale#node#FindExecutable(a:buffer, 'elm_make', ['node_modules/.bin/elm'])
+    endif
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('elm', {
 \   'name': 'make',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('elm_make', [
-\       'node_modules/.bin/elm',
-\   ]),
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#elm#make#GetExecutable'),
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#elm#make#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#elm#make#Handle'
 \})

ale_linters/erlang/erlc.vim

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ let g:ale_erlang_erlc_options = get(g:, 'ale_erlang_erlc_options', '')
 
 function! ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:output_file = ale#util#Tempname()
-    call ale#engine#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
+    call ale#command#ManageFile(a:buffer, l:output_file)
 
     return 'erlc -o ' . ale#Escape(l:output_file)
     \   . ' ' . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_erlc_options')
@@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('erlang', {
 \   'name': 'erlc',
 \   'executable': 'erlc',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#erlang#erlc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#erlc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/erlang/syntaxerl.vim

@@ -3,7 +3,17 @@
 
 call ale#Set('erlang_syntaxerl_executable', 'syntaxerl')
 
-function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand(buffer, output) abort
+function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#RunHelpCommand(buffer) abort
+    let l:executable = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'erlang_syntaxerl_executable')
+
+    return ale#command#Run(
+    \   a:buffer,
+    \   ale#Escape(l:executable) . ' -h',
+    \   function('ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand'),
+    \)
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand(buffer, output, meta) abort
     let l:use_b_option = match(a:output, '\C\V-b, --base\>') > -1
 
     return '%e' . (l:use_b_option ? ' -b %s %t' : ' %t')
@@ -26,10 +36,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('erlang', {
 \   'name': 'syntaxerl',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('erlang_syntaxerl_executable'),
-\   'command_chain': [
-\       {'callback': {-> '%e -h'}},
-\       {'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#GetCommand'},
-\   ],
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'erlang_syntaxerl_executable')},
+\   'command': {b -> ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#RunHelpCommand(b)},
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#erlang#syntaxerl#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/eruby/erb.vim

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ call ale#linter#Define('eruby', {
 \   'aliases': ['erubylint'],
 \   'executable': 'erb',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#erb#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#eruby#erb#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#ruby#HandleSyntaxErrors',
 \})
 

ale_linters/eruby/erubi.vim

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 " Author: Eddie Lebow https://github.com/elebow
 " Description: eruby checker using `erubi`
 
-function! ale_linters#eruby#erubi#CheckErubi(buffer) abort
-    return 'ruby -r erubi/capture_end -e ' . ale#Escape('""')
-endfunction
-
-function! ale_linters#eruby#erubi#GetCommand(buffer, check_erubi_output) abort
+function! ale_linters#eruby#erubi#GetCommand(buffer, output, meta) abort
     let l:rails_root = ale#ruby#FindRailsRoot(a:buffer)
 
-    if (!empty(a:check_erubi_output))
+    if !empty(a:output)
         " The empty command in CheckErubi returns nothing if erubi runs and
         " emits an error if erubi is not present
         return ''
@@ -27,9 +23,10 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('eruby', {
 \   'name': 'erubi',
 \   'executable': 'ruby',
-\   'command_chain': [
-\     {'callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#erubi#CheckErubi'},
-\     {'callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#erubi#GetCommand', 'output_stream': 'stderr'},
-\   ],
+\   'command': {buffer -> ale#command#Run(
+\       buffer,
+\       'ruby -r erubi/capture_end -e ' . ale#Escape('""'),
+\       function('ale_linters#eruby#erubi#GetCommand'),
+\   )},
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#ruby#HandleSyntaxErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/eruby/erubis.vim

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('eruby', {
 \   'name': 'erubis',
 \   'executable': 'erubis',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#erubis#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#eruby#erubis#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#ruby#HandleSyntaxErrors',
 \})

ale_linters/eruby/ruumba.vim

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('eruby', {
 \   'name': 'ruumba',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('eruby_ruumba_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#ruumba#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'eruby_ruumba_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#eruby#ruumba#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#eruby#ruumba#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/fortran/gcc.vim

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'gcc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_gcc_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'fortran_gcc_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#fortran#gcc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#gcc#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/fortran/language_server.vim

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('fortran', {
 \   'name': 'language_server',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fortran_language_server_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'fortran_language_server_executable')},
 \   'command': '%e',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#fortran#language_server#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/fuse/fusionlint.vim

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('fuse', {
 \   'name': 'fusionlint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('fuse_fusionlint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'fuse_fusionlint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#fuse#fusionlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/gitcommit/gitlint.vim

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('gitcommit', {
 \   'name': 'gitlint',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#gitcommit#gitlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/glsl/glslang.vim

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslang',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslang_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'glsl_glslang_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#glsl#glslang#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslang#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/glsl/glslls.vim

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('glsl', {
 \   'name': 'glslls',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('glsl_glslls_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'glsl_glslls_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetCommand'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#glsl#glslls#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/go/bingo.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+" Author: Jerko Steiner <https://github.com/jeremija>
+" Description: https://github.com/saibing/bingo
+
+call ale#Set('go_bingo_executable', 'bingo')
+call ale#Set('go_bingo_options', '--mode stdio')
+
+function! ale_linters#go#bingo#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return '%e' . ale#Pad(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'go_bingo_options'))
+endfunction
+
+function! ale_linters#go#bingo#FindProjectRoot(buffer) abort
+    let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, 'go.mod')
+    let l:mods = ':h'
+
+    if empty(l:project_root)
+        let l:project_root = ale#path#FindNearestDirectory(a:buffer, '.git')
+        let l:mods = ':h:h'
+    endif
+
+    return !empty(l:project_root) ? fnamemodify(l:project_root, l:mods) : ''
+endfunction
+
+call ale#linter#Define('go', {
+\   'name': 'bingo',
+\   'lsp': 'stdio',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_bingo_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#bingo#GetCommand'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#go#bingo#FindProjectRoot'),
+\})

ale_linters/go/gobuild.vim

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gobuild',
 \   'aliases': ['go build'],
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_go_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_go_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#gobuild#GetCommand'),
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gobuild#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/go/golangci_lint.vim

@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'golangci-lint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_golangci_lint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#golangci_lint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_golangci_lint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#golangci_lint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#golangci_lint#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/go/golint.vim

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'golint',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_golint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#golint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_golint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#golint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})

ale_linters/go/gometalinter.vim

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gometalinter',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_gometalinter_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_gometalinter_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#gometalinter#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#go#gometalinter#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/go/gosimple.vim

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gosimple',
 \   'executable': 'gosimple',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gosimple#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#gosimple#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#go#Handler',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/go/gotype.vim

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ function! ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand(buffer) abort
         return ''
     endif
 
-    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer) . ' gotype .'
+    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer) . ' gotype -e .'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'gotype',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'gotype',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#gotype#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#go#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/go/govet.vim

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'govet',
 \   'aliases': ['go vet'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_go_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_go_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#govet#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#go#Handler',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})

ale_linters/go/langserver.vim

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ function! ale_linters#go#langserver#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:options = substitute(l:options, '-gocodecompletion', '', 'g')
     let l:options = filter(split(l:options, ' '), 'empty(v:val) != 1')
 
-    if(ale#Var(a:buffer, 'completion_enabled') == 1)
-      call add(l:options, '-gocodecompletion')
+    if ale#Var(a:buffer, 'completion_enabled')
+        call add(l:options, '-gocodecompletion')
     endif
 
     let l:options = uniq(sort(l:options))
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'golangserver',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('go_langserver_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#langserver#GetCommand',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale#go#FindProjectRoot',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'go_langserver_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#langserver#GetCommand'),
+\   'project_root': function('ale#go#FindProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/go/staticcheck.vim

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('go', {
 \   'name': 'staticcheck',
 \   'executable': 'staticcheck',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#go#staticcheck#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#go#staticcheck#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#go#Handler',
 \   'output_stream': 'both',
 \   'lint_file': 1,

ale_linters/graphql/eslint.vim

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 call ale#linter#Define('graphql', {
 \   'name': 'eslint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#eslint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale#handlers#eslint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale#handlers#eslint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale#handlers#eslint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#eslint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/graphql/gqlint.vim

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 " Author: Michiel Westerbeek <happylinks@gmail.com>
 " Description: Linter for GraphQL Schemas
 
+function! ale_linters#graphql#gqlint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale#path#BufferCdString(a:buffer)
+    \   . 'gqlint'
+    \   . ' --reporter=simple %t'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('graphql', {
 \   'name': 'gqlint',
 \   'executable': 'gqlint',
-\   'command': 'gqlint --reporter=simple %t',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#graphql#gqlint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsWarning',
 \})

ale_linters/hack/hack.vim

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
 \   'name': 'hack',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#hack#hack#GetExecutable'),
 \   'command': '%e lsp --from vim-ale',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#hack#hack#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/hack/hhast.vim

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ function! ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
     let l:hhconfig = ale#path#FindNearestFile(a:buffer, '.hhconfig')
 
     if empty(l:hhconfig)
-      return ''
+        return ''
     endif
 
     let l:root = fnamemodify(l:hhconfig, ':h')
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('hack', {
 \   'name': 'hhast',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetExecutable'),
 \   'command': '%e --mode lsp --from vim-ale',
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot',
-\   'initialization_options_callback': 'ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions',
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetProjectRoot'),
+\   'initialization_options': function('ale_linters#hack#hhast#GetInitializationOptions'),
 \})

ale_linters/haml/hamllint.vim

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function! ale_linters#haml#hamllint#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     " See https://github.com/brigade/haml-lint/blob/master/lib/haml_lint/linter/rubocop.rb#L89
     "     HamlLint::Linter::RuboCop#rubocop_flags
     if !empty(l:rubocop_config_file_path)
-        if ale#Has('win32')
+        if has('win32')
             let l:prefix = 'set HAML_LINT_RUBOCOP_CONF=' . ale#Escape(l:rubocop_config_file_path) . ' &&'
         else
             let l:prefix = 'HAML_LINT_RUBOCOP_CONF=' . ale#Escape(l:rubocop_config_file_path)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haml', {
 \   'name': 'hamllint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#haml#hamllint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haml#hamllint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#haml#hamllint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haml#hamllint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#haml#hamllint#Handle'
 \})

ale_linters/handlebars/embertemplatelint.vim

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('handlebars', {
 \   'name': 'ember-template-lint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#node#FindExecutable(b, 'handlebars_embertemplatelint', [
 \       'node_modules/.bin/ember-template-lint',
-\   ]),
+\   ])},
 \   'command': '%e --json %t',
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#handlebars#embertemplatelint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/cabal_ghc.vim

@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'aliases': ['cabal-ghc'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'cabal',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#cabal_ghc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/ghc.vim

@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'ghc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
 \   'executable': 'ghc',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#ghc#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#ghc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/ghc_mod.vim

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'ghc_mod',
 \   'aliases': ['ghc-mod'],
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_ghc_mod_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#ghc_mod#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'haskell_ghc_mod_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#ghc_mod#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/hdevtools.vim

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hdevtools',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hdevtools_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'haskell_hdevtools_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#hdevtools#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/hie.vim

@@ -9,39 +9,33 @@ function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot(buffer) abort
 
     " If it's empty, search for the cabal file
     if empty(l:project_file)
-        let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(bufname(a:buffer), ':p:h')
-        let l:paths = ''
-
-        while empty(matchstr(l:cabal_file, '^\(\/\|\(\w:\\\)\)$'))
-            let l:cabal_file = fnamemodify(l:cabal_file, ':h')
-            let l:paths = l:paths . l:cabal_file . ','
-        endwhile
-
+        " Search all of the paths except for the root filesystem path.
+        let l:paths = join(
+        \   ale#path#Upwards(expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h'))[:-2],
+        \   ','
+        \)
         let l:project_file = globpath(l:paths, '*.cabal')
     endif
 
-    " Either extract the project directory or take the current working
-    " directory
-    if !empty(l:project_file)
-        let l:project_file = fnamemodify(l:project_file, ':h')
-    else
-        let l:project_file = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p:h')
+    " If we still can't find one, use the current file.
+    if empty(l:project_file)
+        let l:project_file = expand('#' . a:buffer . ':p')
     endif
 
-    return l:project_file
+    return fnamemodify(l:project_file, ':h')
 endfunction
 
 function! ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetCommand(buffer) abort
     let l:executable = ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_hie_executable')
 
     return ale#handlers#haskell_stack#EscapeExecutable(l:executable, 'hie')
-\        . ' --lsp'
+    \   . ' --lsp'
 endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hie',
 \   'lsp': 'stdio',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetCommand',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hie_executable'),
-\   'project_root_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetCommand'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'haskell_hie_executable')},
+\   'project_root': function('ale_linters#haskell#hie#GetProjectRoot'),
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/hlint.vim

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'hlint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('haskell_hlint_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hlint#GetCommand' ,
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'haskell_hlint_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#hlint#GetCommand') ,
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#hlint#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/stack_build.vim

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'stack_build',
 \   'aliases': ['stack-build'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#GetStackExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale#handlers#haskell#GetStackExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#stack_build#GetCommand'),
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/haskell/stack_ghc.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 " Author: w0rp <devw0rp@gmail.com>
 " Description: ghc for Haskell files, using Stack
 
+call ale#Set('haskell_stack_ghc_options', '-fno-code -v0')
+
+function! ale_linters#haskell#stack_ghc#GetCommand(buffer) abort
+    return ale#handlers#haskell#GetStackExecutable(a:buffer)
+    \ . ' ghc -- '
+    \ . ale#Var(a:buffer, 'haskell_stack_ghc_options')
+    \ . ' %t'
+endfunction
+
 call ale#linter#Define('haskell', {
 \   'name': 'stack_ghc',
 \   'aliases': ['stack-ghc'],
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#GetStackExecutable',
-\   'command': 'stack ghc -- -fno-code -v0 %t',
+\   'executable': function('ale#handlers#haskell#GetStackExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#haskell#stack_ghc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#haskell#HandleGHCFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/help/alex.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
 " Author: Johannes Wienke <languitar@semipol.de>
 " Description: alex for help files
 
-call ale#linter#Define('help', {
-\   'name': 'alex',
-\   'executable': 'alex',
-\   'command': 'alex %s -t',
-\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#alex#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
-\})
+call ale#handlers#alex#DefineLinter('help', '--text')

ale_linters/html/alex.vim

@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
 " Author: Johannes Wienke <languitar@semipol.de>
 " Description: alex for HTML files
 
-call ale#linter#Define('html', {
-\   'name': 'alex',
-\   'executable': 'alex',
-\   'command': 'alex %s -t',
-\   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'callback': 'ale#handlers#alex#Handle',
-\   'lint_file': 1,
-\})
+call ale#handlers#alex#DefineLinter('html', '--html')

ale_linters/html/htmlhint.vim

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'htmlhint',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#node#FindExecutableFunc('html_htmlhint', [
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#node#FindExecutable(b, 'html_htmlhint', [
 \       'node_modules/.bin/htmlhint',
-\   ]),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand',
+\   ])},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#html#htmlhint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#unix#HandleAsError',
 \})

ale_linters/html/stylelint.vim

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'stylelint',
-\   'executable_callback': 'ale_linters#html#stylelint#GetExecutable',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#stylelint#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': function('ale_linters#html#stylelint#GetExecutable'),
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#html#stylelint#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale#handlers#css#HandleStyleLintFormat',
 \})

ale_linters/html/tidy.vim

@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('html', {
 \   'name': 'tidy',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('html_tidy_executable'),
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'html_tidy_executable')},
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand',
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#html#tidy#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#html#tidy#Handle',
 \ })

ale_linters/idris/idris.vim

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ function! ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle(buffer, lines) abort
         let l:errors = matchlist(l:match[5], '\v([wW]arning|[eE]rror) - ?(.*)')
 
         if len(l:errors) > 0
-          let l:ghc_type = l:errors[1]
-          let l:text = l:errors[2]
+            let l:ghc_type = l:errors[1]
+            let l:text = l:errors[2]
         else
-          let l:ghc_type = ''
-          let l:text = l:match[5][:0] is# ' ' ? l:match[5][1:] : l:match[5]
+            let l:ghc_type = ''
+            let l:text = l:match[5][:0] is# ' ' ? l:match[5][1:] : l:match[5]
         endif
 
         if l:ghc_type is? 'Warning'
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ endfunction
 
 call ale#linter#Define('idris', {
 \   'name': 'idris',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('idris_idris_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'idris_idris_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#idris#idris#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#idris#idris#Handle',
 \})

ale_linters/ispc/ispc.vim

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ endfunction
 call ale#linter#Define('ispc', {
 \   'name': 'ispc',
 \   'output_stream': 'stderr',
-\   'executable_callback': ale#VarFunc('ispc_ispc_executable'),
-\   'command_callback': 'ale_linters#ispc#ispc#GetCommand',
+\   'executable': {b -> ale#Var(b, 'ispc_ispc_executable')},
+\   'command': function('ale_linters#ispc#ispc#GetCommand'),
 \   'callback': 'ale_linters#ispc#ispc#Handle',
 \   'lint_file': 1,
 \})