Add ratelimit stubs (#13909)

stubs/ratelimit/@tests/stubtest_allowlist.txt

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+# This file lacks __all__ and "now" is only used to set the default value of
+# RateLimitDecorator.__init__()'s clock parameter
+ratelimit.decorators.now

stubs/ratelimit/METADATA.toml

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+version = "2.2.*"
+upstream_repository = "https://github.com/tomasbasham/ratelimit"

stubs/ratelimit/ratelimit/__init__.pyi

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+from ratelimit.decorators import RateLimitDecorator, sleep_and_retry
+from ratelimit.exception import RateLimitException
+
+limits = RateLimitDecorator
+rate_limited = RateLimitDecorator
+
+__all__ = ["RateLimitException", "limits", "rate_limited", "sleep_and_retry"]

stubs/ratelimit/ratelimit/decorators.pyi

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+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TypeVar
+from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+_P = ParamSpec("_P")
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+class RateLimitDecorator:
+    def __init__(
+        self, calls: int = 15, period: float = 900, clock: Callable[[], float] = ..., raise_on_limit: bool = True
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def __call__(self, func: Callable[_P, _T]) -> Callable[_P, _T]: ...
+
+def sleep_and_retry(func: Callable[_P, _T]) -> Callable[_P, _T]: ...

stubs/ratelimit/ratelimit/exception.pyi

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+class RateLimitException(Exception):
+    period_remaining: float
+    def __init__(self, message: str, period_remaining: float) -> None: ...