Alex Waygood a4e3cfefac Improve pre-commit config (#9563)
- Add a few more hooks. These are all very fast, and I've found them useful in other projects:
  - Autofixes:
    - `trailing-whitespace`: fixes trailing whitespace
    - `requirements-txt-fixer`: alphabetises items in `requirements.txt` files
    - `end-of-file-fixer`: makes sure every file ends with a single newline character
    - `mixed-line-ending`: Makes sure Windows users don't accidentally introduce CRLF line endings into a file that uses LF line endings
  - None-autofixes:
    - `check-yaml`: loads YAML files to validate syntax
    - `check-toml`: loads TOML files to validate syntax
    - `check-merge-conflict`: detects merge-conflict strings in files and blocks them from accidentally being committed
    - `check-case-conflict`: checks for files with names that would conflict on a case-insensitive filesystem like MacOS HFS+ or Windows FAT; blocks them from being committed.
  - Change the bot schedule to quarterly, to reduce noisy PRs
  - Change the `black` language target-version to Python 3.10, synching the setting here with the changes that were made to our `pyproject.toml` file in #7538
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typeshed

Tests Chat at https://gitter.im/python/typing Pull Requests Welcome

About

Typeshed contains external type annotations for the Python standard library and Python builtins, as well as third party packages as contributed by people external to those projects.

This data can e.g. be used for static analysis, type checking or type inference.

For information on how to use typeshed, read below. Information for contributors can be found in CONTRIBUTING.md. Please read it before submitting pull requests; do not report issues with annotations to the project the stubs are for, but instead report them here to typeshed.

Further documentation on stub files, typeshed, and Python's typing system in general, can also be found at https://typing.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.

Typeshed supports Python versions 3.7 and up.

Using

If you're just using a type checker (mypy, pyright, pytype, PyCharm, ...), as opposed to developing it, you don't need to interact with the typeshed repo at all: a copy of standard library part of typeshed is bundled with type checkers. And type stubs for third party packages and modules you are using can be installed from PyPI. For example, if you are using six and requests, you can install the type stubs using

$ pip install types-six types-requests

These PyPI packages follow PEP 561 and are automatically released (multiple times a day, when needed) by typeshed internal machinery.

Type checkers should be able to use these stub packages when installed. For more details, see the documentation for your type checker.

The _typeshed package

typeshed includes a package _typeshed as part of the standard library. This package and its submodules contains utility types, but is not available at runtime. For more information about how to use this package, see the stdlib/_typeshed directory.

Discussion

If you've run into behavior in the type checker that suggests the type stubs for a given library are incorrect or incomplete, we want to hear from you!

Our main forum for discussion is the project's GitHub issue tracker. This is the right place to start a discussion of any of the above or most any other topic concerning the project.

If you have general questions about typing with Python, or you need a review of your type annotations or stubs outside of typeshed, head over to our discussion forum. For less formal discussion, try the typing chat room on gitter.im. Some typeshed maintainers are almost always present; feel free to find us there and we're happy to chat. Substantive technical discussion will be directed to the issue tracker.

Description
Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
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